Experimental analysis on a DI diesel engine with cerium-oxide-added Mahua methyl ester blends

An investigational research is carried out to found the performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine with cerium oxide nanoparticles additives in diesel and biodiesel blends. Mahua methyl ester was produced by transesterification and blended with diesel. Cerium oxide nanoparticles of 50 and 100?ppm in proportion are subjected to high-speed mechanical agitation followed by ultra-sonication. The experimentations was conducted on a single cylinder DI diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500?rpm using different cerium-oxide (CeO₂)-blended biodiesel fuel (B20?+?50?ppm, B20?+?100?ppm, B50?+?50?ppm and B50?+?100?ppm) and the outcomes were compared with those of neat diesel and Mahua biodiesel blend (B20 and B50). The experimental results indicated that brake thermal efficiency of B20?+?100?ppm cerium oxide was increased by 1.8 with 1% betterment in specific fuel consumption. Emissions of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide were reasonably lower than Diesel fuel.     

Performance analysis of low heat rejection diesel engine,using Mahua oil bio fuel

In the present investigation, the effect of thermal barrier coated piston on the performance and emission characteristics of mahua-biodiesel-fuelled diesel engine was studied and compared with those of neat diesel fuel. The piston, cylinder walls and the valves of the engine were coated with 0.25?mm thickness of Al₂O₃ material without affecting the compression ratio of the engine. Experiments were conducted using diesel and biodiesel blend (B20) in the engine with and without coating. The results revealed that specific fuel consumption was decreased by 8.5% and the brake thermal efficiency was increased by 6.2% for biodiesel blend with coated engine compared with the base engine with neat diesel fuel. The exhaust emissions CO, NO_x and HC emissions were also decreased for biodiesel blend with coated engine compared with base engine.     

Experimental study on particulate and NOx emissions of a diesel engine fueled with ultra low sulfur diesel, RME-diesel blends and PME-diesel blends

Ultra low sulfur diesel and two different kinds of biodiesel fuels blended with baseline diesel fuel in 5% and 20% v/v were tested in a Cummins 4BTA direct injection diesel engine, with a turbocharger and an intercooler. Experiments were conducted under five engine loads at two steady speeds (1500 rpm and 2500 rpm). The study aims at investigating the engine performance, NO_x emission, smoke opacity, PM composition, PM size distribution and comparing the impacts of low sulfur content of biodiesel with ULSD on the particulate emission. The results indicate that, compared to base diesel fuel, the increase of biodiesel in blends could cause certain increase in both brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency. Compared with baseline diesel fuel, the biodiesel blends bring about more NO_x emissions. With the proportion of biodiesel increase in blends, the smoke opacity decreases, while total particle number concentration increases. Meanwhile the ULSD gives lower NO_x emissions, smoke opacity and total number concentration than those of baseline diesel fuel. In addition, the percentages of SOF and sulfate in particulates increase with biodiesel in blends, while the dry soot friction decreases obviously. Compared with baseline diesel fuel, the biodiesel blends increase the total nucleation number concentration, while ULSD reduces the total nucleation number concentration effectively, although they all have lower sulfur content. It means that, for ULSD, the lower sulfur content is the dominant factor for suppressing nucleation particles formation, while for biodiesel blends, lower volatile, lower aromatic content and higher oxygen content of biodiesel are key factors for improving the nucleation particles formation. The results demonstrate that the higher NO_x emission and total nucleation number concentration are considered as the big obstacles of the application of biodiesel in diesel engine.     

A comparative study of B10 biodiesel blends and its performance and combustion characteristics

The current work is to investigate the diesel engine performance and combustion characteristics fuelled with Banalities aegyptiaca (BA) biodiesel and compare those with the performance and combustion characteristics of palm biodiesel, sesame biodiesel,rapeseed biodiesel, soybean biodiesel and diesel fuel. In this study, only 10% of each biodiesel (BA10, PALM10, SESAME10, RAPESEED10 and SOYBEAN10) was tested in a diesel engine. The physical properties of all the fuel samples are mentioned and compared with ASTM standards. The test rig consists of a single cylinder, auxiliary water-cooled and computer-based variable compression ratio diesel engine, which was used to evaluate their performance at a measured torque. All biodiesel fuel samples reduce brake power and brake thermal efficiency and increase brake-specific fuel consumption rate than diesel fuel. Combustion characteristics results indicated that the blended fuel samples performed with a significant reduction in terms of cylinder pressure and heat release rate compared with diesel fuel apart from diesel pressure. Among the biodiesel-blended fuel samples, BA10 showed better performance in terms of brake power, brake-specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency and cylinder pressure and heat release rate in terms of combustion characteristics compared with D100.     

Experimental studies on the performance,emission and combustion characteristics of a biodiesel-fuelled (Pongamia methyl ester) diesel engine with diethyl ether as an oxygenated fuel additive

This paper investigates the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine using neat biodiesel (Pongamia methyl ester) with two different blends (10% and 15% diethyl ether [DEE]) at different load conditions. The measured values of brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NO) and smoke were calculated and analysed and compared with diesel fuel. The results showed that a significant reduction in NO and smoke emissions for neat biodiesel with 15% DEE blend compared with neat biodiesel at full load conditions. The peak pressure and heat release rate were decreased, and maximum rate of pressure rise and ignition delay were also decreased with DEE blends at full load. On the whole, it is concluded that the biodiesel with 15% DEE blend showed better results with respect to efficiency and emissions point of view compared with biodiesel.     

Thermodynamic analysis of compression ignition engine using neat Karanja oil under varying compression ratio

Exergy analysis method has been widely used to evaluate the energy utilisation efficiency and potential of waste heat energy. The objective of the present investigation is to analyse the exergy efficiency, destruction of exergy, mean gas temperature, exhaust temperature, brake thermal efficiency and brake-specific fuel consumption of a single cylinder diesel engine using diesel and neat Karanja oil blends at different compression ratios (CRs) at full load and at different loads with a CR of 18. It is observed that 10% neat Karanja oil blend (K10) shows similar performance to diesel and better than 20% neat Karanja oil blend (K20). But K20 shows better performance at a CR of 18 as compared to 16. At higher loads, exergy efficiency and destruction of exergy are found more at a CR of 18 for all fuels. Destruction of exergy decreases and exergy efficiency increases at CR 18.     

Performance,emission and combustion characteristics of an Indica diesel engine operated with Yellow Oleander (Thevetia peruviana) oil biodiesel produced through hydrodynamic cavitation method

The present work deals about the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a four-cylinder, direct injection, water-cooled, Indica diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel produced through the hydrodynamic cavitation method from an underutilised and potential feedstock Yellow Oleander (Thevetia peruviana) oil. Engine tests were performed with neat diesel and biodiesel blends of 10%, 20% and 30% from Yellow Oleander oil at different engine speeds. Experimental results showed that biodiesel produced through the hydrodynamic cavitation technique with a 1%?w/w catalyst percentage, 6:1?molar ratio and 35?min reaction time was equal to 97.5%. During engine performance tests, biodiesel blends showed higher brake-specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency (for lower blends up to 20%) and exhaust gas temperature than diesel fuel. Engine emissions showed higher nitrogen oxide, but a decreased amount of smoke opacity, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and favourable p–θ diagram as compared to diesel.     

A comparative study of performance and combustion characteristics of a CI diesel engine fuelled with B20 biodiesel blends

This paper aims to study the diesel engine performance and combustion characteristics fuelled with Banalities aegyptiaca oil methyl ester, palm oil methyl ester, sesame methyl ester oil, rapeseed methyl ester oil, soybean oil methyl ester and diesel fuel. In this present work, only 20% of each biodiesel blends was tested in diesel engine; stated that the possible use of biodiesel of up to 20% in a diesel engine without modification in literature. A single-cylinder, auxiliary water-cooled and computer-based variable compression ratio diesel engine was used to evaluate their performance at constant speed and at measured load conditions. The performance and combustion tests are conducted using each of the above test fuels, at a constant speed of 5000?rpm. Thus, the varying physical and chemical properties of test fuels against pure diesel are optimised for better engine performance.

Abbreviations: BP: brake power; BSFC: brake-specific fuel consumption; BTE: brake thermal efficiency; CO: carbon monoxide; CP: cylinder pressure; DP: diesel pressure; EGT: exhaust gas temperature; HC: hydrocarbon; HRR: heat release rate; NO _x : nitric oxides; PM: particulate matter; TDC: top dead centre; VCR: variable compression ratio     

Effect of injection pressure on the performance and emission characteristics of CI engine using canola emulsion fuel

Biodiesel is a promising renewable alternative fuel for diesel. The need of biodiesel fuels for the diesel engines is to restrict the dependency on the fossil fuels in context to the world energy oil crisis. The objective of this article is to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine with diesel and blends of canola biodiesel Emulsion at 200, 220 and 240?bar. The fuel injection system in a diesel engine is to achieve a high degree of atomisation for better penetration of fuel in order to utilise the full air charge and to promote the evaporation in a very short time and to achieve higher combustion efficiency. Emulsified fuels showed an improvement in brake thermal efficiency of 28.8% at 240?bar accompanied by the drastic reduction in NOx at 200?bar.     

Performance,emission and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder spark ignition engine using ethanol–petrol-blended fuels

The performance, exhaust emission and combustion analyses of a single cylinder spark ignition engine fuelled with extended range of ethanol–petrol blends were carried out successfully at full load conditions. Ethanol produced from raffia trunks was blended with petrol at different proportions by volume. In order to establish a baseline for comparison, the engine was first run on neat petrol. The engine performance parameters (engine torque, brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake mean effective pressure and brake thermal efficiency), exhaust emission parameters (CO, HC, CO₂ and O₂ emissions) and combustion parameters were determined for each blend of fuel at different engine speeds. The test results interestingly revealed that the addition of ethanol to petrol causes an improvement in combustion characteristics and significant reduction in exhaust emissions which in turn improved engine performance. In all, ethanol and its blends with petrol exhibited performance characteristics trends similar to that of petrol thus confirming them as suitable alternative fuels for spark ignition engines.     

Evaporation rate and engine performance analysis of coated diesel engine using Raphanus sativus biodiesel and its diesel blends

An experimental investigation to measure the evaporation rates, PSZ-coated engine performance and emissions of radish biodiesel (Methyl Ester of radish oil) and its blends in different volumetric proportions with diesel is presented. The thermo-physical properties of all the fuel blends have been measured and presented. Evaporation rates of neat radish biodiesel, neat diesel and their bends have been measured under slow convective environment of air velocity of 0.2?m/s with a constant temperature of 200°C. Evaporation constants have been determined by using the droplet regression rate data. The neat fuels and fuel blends have been utilised in a test engine with different load conditions to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of the fuels. From the observed evaporation, performance and emissions characteristics, it can be suggested that a blend of B25–B75 could be optimally used in coated diesel engine settings without any modifications on it.     

Combustion characteristics of the direct injection diesel engine fuelled with corn oil methyl ester

Petroleum-based fuels is a finite resource that is rapidly depleting. Consequently, petroleum reserves are not sufficient enough to last many years. In this research, an experimental investigation has been performed to give insight into the potential of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for direct injection (DI) diesel engines. The experimental work has been carried out to estimate the combustion characteristics of a single-cylinder, four-stroke, DI diesel engine fuelled with corn oil methyl ester (COME) and diesel blends. The COME was preheated to temperatures namely 50°C, 70°C and 90°C before it was supplied to the engine. The optimised preheated temperature of 70°C was chosen based on the higher brake thermal efficiency and lower specific fuel consumption. The performance, emission and combustion characteristics are evaluated by running the engine with COME and diesel blends at this preheated temperature. In this paper, the combustion characteristics are only discussed. The combustion characteristics such as ignition delay, maximum rate of pressure, heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate, mass fraction burned and combustion duration of COME methyl ester and diesel were evaluated and compared with neat diesel. The rate of pressure rise and maximum combustion pressure inside the cylinder were high for COME blends compared with neat diesel. The heat release rate of diesel is higher compared with COME blends. The ignition delay and combustion duration are decreased for COME blends compared with neat diesel. The cumulative heat release rate and mass fraction burnt of COME blends are higher than neat diesel.     

Influence of an aqueous cerium oxide nanofluid fuel additive on performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine

Aqueous cerium oxide at the rate of 50cc per liter was dispersed into diesel and diesel–biodiesel using mechanical agitator and an ultrasonicator for preparing the test fuels. Cerium oxide nanomaterials present in the aqueous cerium oxide exhibit higher catalytic activity because of their large contact surface area per unit volume and can react with water at high temperature to generate hydrogen and improve fuel combustion. Also, cerium oxide nanomaterials act as oxygen buffers causing simultaneous oxidation of hydrocarbons (HCs) as well as the reduction of oxides of nitrogen. The neat diesel and test fuels were tested in an engine without changing the engine system at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% load condition and resulted in a considerable enhancement in the brake thermal efficiency, improved brake-specific fuel consumption and decreased concentration of HC, NO_x and smoke in the exhaust emitted from the diesel engine due to incorporation of aqueous cerium oxide in the test fuels.     

Parametric optimisation of exergy destruction in small DI diesel engine fuelled with neem biodiesel using the Taguchi method

ABSTRACT

Large amount of emissions from vehicles have led to the degradation of urban air quality and have resulted in serious health issues. Biodiesel, a substitute fuel for diesel engine, is receiving great attention worldwide. This work investigates the merits of using neem-biodiesel and diesel blends for single cylinder small direct injection diesel engine. The energy (the first law) and exergy (the second law) analyses of direct injection diesel engine using neem-biodiesel blends have been presented. Taguchi’s ‘L’ 16’ orthogonal array has been used for the design of experiments. The engine was tested at different engine speeds, load percentages and blend ratios, using neem biodiesel. The results show that the optimum operating conditions for minimum brake specific fuel consumption are achieved when the engine speed is 1900?rev/min, load percentage is 75 and the engine is fuelled with B40.     

Impact of nano additive on engine characteristics using blends of thyme oil with diesel

Diesel engines have been the ‘primus motor’ of transportation in the world since a long time now. However, the depletion of fuel supplies, recent concerns over the environment and the ever-increasing fuel prices have made the search for an alternative fuel of paramount importance. A considerable amount of interest has been shown by researchers to evaluate different plant and vegetable oils as a replacement of diesel. Based on this background, an attempt to investigate Thyme oil as a substitute to diesel without any modifications in the engine was made. The experiment was conducted on a 1500?rpm, four-stroke, diesel engine with single cylinder which is water cooled. Cerium Oxide nano additive was added to the blends of thyme oil with diesel and its effects on the brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption (SFC) and exhaust emissions were examined. The experimental results portrayed better values of brake thermal efficiency and low SFC with B10 (10 parts of oil with 90 parts of diesel) and B20 samples of the blends, while the B40 blend showed lower NO_x emissions at all loads. The HC content was found to increase with the increasing quantity of thyme oil in the blends.     

Performance and Emission characteristics of cotton seed and neem oil biodiesel with CeO2 additives in a single-cylinder diesel engine

Energy utilisation from renewable sources plays a vital role in meeting the demands of a clean environment. Commercialisation of biodiesel is comparatively less than that of other alternative sources due to its suitability and yield. This paper is focused on performance and emission characteristics of neem oil biodiesel and cotton seed oil biodiesel blended with cerium oxide as an additive. The blending proportion was B10, B20, B30, B40 and 100% diesel. The testing was performed in a single-cylinder diesel engine coupled with an exhaust gas analyser. The performance characteristics were obtained in between the brake power with specific fuel consumption and emission characteristics such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other gases. It was observed that the combination of B20 proportion with CeO₂ blend produces effect results with other blends in specific fuel consumption and reduced emission behaviour.     

Bio-ethanol additive effect on direct injection diesel engine performance,emission and combustion characteristics – an experimental examination

ABSTRACT

The present investigation explores the effect of dairy scum oil methyl ester (DSOME) blends and ethanol additive on TV1 Kirloskar diesel engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. From the experimental study, it is concluded that DSOME-B20 (20% dairy scum biodiesel?+?80% diesel) has shown appreciable performance and lower HC and CO emissions among all other blends. Hence DSOME-B20 is optimised as best fuel blend and it is carried for further investigations to study the effect of bio-ethanol additive on diesel engine performance. From the study it apparent that diesel engine operated with ethanol additive and 20% dairy scum biodiesel blended fuels shown the satisfactorily improved emission characteristics when compared to petroleum diesel fuel operation. Finally, from the experimental investigation, it concludes that addition of ethanol shown the slightly higher HC, CO emission and improved BTE, BSFC, NOx and CO₂ than sole B20 biodiesel blend. Among all three (3%, 6% and 9%) ethanol additive ratios, E6% (6%-ethanol with B20) ethanol additive exhibits slightly better BTE, BSFC, cylinder pressure and heat release rate hence 6% ethanol additive with B20 biodiesel blend would furnish beneficial effects in the diesel engine.     

Performance and emission characteristics of cashew nut shell oil on the CI engine

This article is an effort to address the need for a non-cooking oil-based biodiesel. Here, the experimental work is done on a single cylinder, direct injection CI engine using cashew nut shell oil biodiesel blends under constant speed. The cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) biodiesel is blended with the diesel fuel and used as biodiesel blend. Blends used for testing are B20, B40 and B60. The effect of the fuels on engine power, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and exhaust gas temperature was determined by performance tests. The influences of blends on CO, CO₂, HC and NO_x emissions were investigated by emission tests. The BTE values of biodiesel are closer to diesel. Compared to diesel, all the biodiesel blends gave lesser unburnt hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke emissions. Slightly higher NO_x emissions were found in CNSL biodiesel blends, which is typical of the other biodiesels.     

Experimental investigation of engine emissions with marine gas oil-oxygenate blends

This paper investigates the diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions with marine gas oil-alternative fuel additive. Marine gas oil (MGO) was selected as base fuel for the engine experiments. An oxygenate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM), and a biodiesel (BD) jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) with a volume of 10% were blended with the MGO fuel. JOME was derived from inedible jatropha oil. Lower emissions with diesel-BD blends (soybean methyl ester, rapeseed methyl ester etc.) have been established so far, but the effect of MGO-BD (JOME) blends on engine performance and emissions has been a growing interest as JOME (BD) is derived from inedible oil and MGO is frequently used in maritime transports. No phase separation between MGO-DGM and MGO-JOME blends was found. The neat MGO, MGO-DGM and MGO-JOME blends are termed as MGO, Ox10 and B10 respectively. The experiments were conducted with a six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged, direct-injection Scania DC 1102 (DI) diesel engine. The experimental results showed significant reductions in fine particle number and mass emissions, PM and smoke emissions with Ox10 and B10 fuels compared to the MGO fuel. Other emissions including total unburned hydrocarbon (THC), carbon monoxide (CO) and engine noise were also reduced with the Ox10 and B10 fuels, while maintaining similar brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and thermal efficiency with MGO fuel. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions, on the other hand, were slightly higher with the Ox10 and B10 fuels at high engine load conditions.     

The influence of bio additive on the compression ignition engine with diesel and Jatropha methyl ester biodiesel

The present experimental investigation evaluates the effects of using blends of diesel fuel with 20% concentration of Methyl Ester of Jatropha biodiesel blended with bio additive. Both the diesel and biodiesel fuel blend was injected at 23° Before Top Dead Centre to the combustion chamber. The experiment was carried out with three different ratios of bio additive. Biodiesel was extracted from Jatropha oil; 20% (B20) concentration is found to be best blend ratio from the earlier experimental study. The bio additive was added to B20MEOJ at various concentrations of 1?ml, 2?ml and 3?ml, respectively. The main objective is to obtain minimum specific fuel consumption, better efficiency and lesser Emission using bio additive blends. The results concluded that full load shows an increase in efficiency when compared with diesel, and highest efficiency is obtained with B20MEOJBA 3?ml bio additive blend. It is noted that there is an increase in thermal efficiency as the blend ratio increases. Biodiesel blend has a performance closer to that of diesel, but emission is reduced in all blends of B20MEOJBA 3?ml compared to that in diesel. Thus the work marks for the suitability of biodiesel blends as an alternate fuel in diesel engines.