聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯核-壳乳液的制备及其包覆的RDX

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚氧化丙烯二醇DL-400(Mn=340)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、1，4-丁二醇(BDO)为主要原料，制得水性聚氨酯乳液(WPU)，用FTIR表征了其结构。以WPU、水、丙烯酸丁酯为原料，分别以AIBN、(NH4)2S2O8-NaHSO3作引发剂，采用种子乳液聚合的方法制备了聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯乳液(PUA)，运用TEM表征了PUA乳液的粒子形态。结果表明：以AIBN为引发剂合成了具有核壳结构的PUA乳液．壳层为黑色的聚氨酯胶粒，核层为白色的聚丙烯酸酯胶粒；而(NH4)2S2O8-NaHSO3引发的乳液不具有核-壳结构，黑白粒子相间分布。采用加入10％明矾水溶液使核-壳乳液破乳的方法包覆RDX，并用SEM观察RDX的表面变化，证实包覆后的RDX表面有均匀的包覆层，且颗粒间流散性较好。     

新型含二氮杂萘酮结构——聚氨酯清漆的合成及性能

针对传统通用型聚氨酯涂层材料耐高温性欠佳的缺点，本文通过分子结构设计，将全芳环非公平面、扭曲的二氮杂耐酮联苯结构引入聚氨酯主链中，首次合成了含二氮杂萘酮联苯结构聚氨酯树脂，研究其结构性能关系，并将其应用于涂料领域。以TDI、TMP和自制的4-(4’-羟基苯基）-2，3-二氮杂萘-1-酮(DHPZ)为原料，以简便的工艺制备了结构新颖的含二氮杂萘酮结构的单组份聚氨酯清漆PUv-C。以傅立叶红外变换手段(FT-IR)表征了聚氨酯涂层树脂的结构。以差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)等分析手段研究了聚氨酯涂层树脂的耐热性能。     

含杂萘酮联苯结构耐高温聚氨酯胶粘剂的合成

采用本体聚合，将自制的含有4-(4’-羟基苯基)-2，3-二氮杂萘—1-酮(DHPz)作为单体引入双组分聚氨酯的固化剂中，合成一类新型的含杂萘类联苯结构的聚氨酯胶粘剂。DHPz的杂萘类联苯结构提高了胶粘剂的结构刚性和耐高温性能。常温剪切强度不低于20MPa，而且具有较强的耐酸、耐水解性能。以FT-IR、DSC、TGA等分析手段研究了聚合物的结构和耐热性能。结果表明，新型的聚氨酯胶粘剂具有较高的玻璃化转变温度(Tg＝170—200℃)，在氮气氛围中10％热失重温度为300℃，250℃无失重。该胶粘剂可在较高温度下使用。     

新型磺酸型水性聚氨酯的合成与研究

合成了一种新型磺酸型水性聚氨酯扩链剂,通过红外光谱、核磁共振等方法证明了其化学结构,并与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、聚酯多元醇反应,制备出了高固含量、高性能的磺酸型水性聚氨酯(WPUS).与合成的羧酸型水性聚氨酯(WPUC)对比发现:(1)WPUS的固含量可达50％以上,而WPUC最高仅有38％;(2)WPUS的粒径比WPUC更小;(3)WPUS具有更好的热稳定性;(4) WPUS的弹性模量远远高于WPUC,且断裂伸长率仍保持较高水平;(5)WPUS耐水性不如WPUC,但耐溶剂性比WPUC好.     

有机硅改性两性聚氨酯的制备与性能研究

采用三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和二乙醇胺(DEOA)合成端羟基超支化聚氨酯(HBPU-1)。用HBPU-1、马来酸酐(MA)和NCO封端硅油(Silok 3021F2)合成一系列有机硅改性两性聚氨酯(HBPUS)乙醇溶液，并研究了MA和Silok 3021F2添加量对HBPUS的外观，粘度，水溶性和抗涂鸦性能的影响。核磁氢谱(¹H NMR)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)测定了HBPU-1和HBPUS的结构。结果表明：随着MA含量的增加，HBPUS乙醇溶液的粘度降低，透明性提高，稳定性提高，亲水性提高，抗涂鸦性能下降。分别含有8.89%的MA和65.8%的Silok 3021F2的HBPUS-4可以用于水性体系。分别含有5.11%的MA和75.53%的Silok 3021F2的HBPUS-3可以用于溶剂型抗涂鸦体系。     

富含酰胺键的自修复聚氨酯的制备及表征

在自修复性能和物理力学性能之间较难取得平衡是自修复聚氨酯材料面临的主要问题。为了有效解决该问题，首先以对苯二甲酰氯和对氨基酚为原料制备了含有酰胺键的扩链剂N¹,N⁴-双(4-羟基苯基)对苯二甲酰胺(NHT),利用核磁氢谱(¹H-NMR)、核磁碳谱(¹³C-NMR)和红外光谱(FTIR)对其结构进行了表征。基于此，进一步制备了2种R值不同的自修复聚氨酯材料(PUNHT3.0、PUNHT3.5),并利用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热重(TGA)、动态力学性能分析(DMA)、万能力学试验机对2种聚氨酯材料的性能进行了分析表征。结果表明，增大R值能有效地提高聚氨酯的相对分子质量，但是，分子量分布变宽；另外，引入酰胺键后，明显地提升了聚氨酯的拉伸强度和耐热性，其中，PUNHT3.5的拉伸强度最高可达28.7 MPa, 700℃时的残碳率为15%,自修复效率为78.7%。     

不饱和聚酯/丙烯酸酯封端聚氨酯/改性蒙脱土复合材料的制备、结构与性能

制备了不饱和聚酯(UPR)／丙烯酸酯封端聚氨酯(ATPU)／改性蒙脱土(OMMT)复合材料，研究了其结构与性能。结果表明，ATPU／OMMT杂化物的比例与用量对UPR／ATPU／OMMT复合材料的结构与性能有很大的影响。当ATPU用量为15份、OMMT用量为2份时，复合材料的综合性能最佳。ATPU／OMMT杂化物对UPR具有增韧增强的协同效应。     

蒽醌染料接枝水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯共聚乳液的合成及显色性能

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇（PTMG）、二羟甲基丁酸（DMBA）、1，4-丁二醇（BDO）和自制红色蒽醌染料（DYE-R）为合成聚氨酯（PU）单体，甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）作为封端剂制得双键封端的水性聚氨酯，再采用无皂乳液聚合法与丙烯酸单体（PA）共聚制备了玫红色水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯乳液，并对乳液进行测试及表征。结果表明：随着PA用量增加，乳液粒径增加，当m(PU):m(PA)为10:2时，乳液粒径为81 nm，稳定性好且有一定耐碱性；该乳液着色效果明显，热迁移率为3.54%，耐干、湿摩色牢度为4～5 级；当该乳液胶膜质量保留率为50%时，所对应温度为396.1 ℃，m(PU):m(PA)为10:2时综合性能最好。     

环氧树脂改性含硅自消光水性聚氨酯树脂的制备及性能

以聚己二酸1，4－丁二醇酯多元醇(PBA)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）、1，4-丁二醇（BDO）、端羟丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)和环氧树脂(E-51)为单体合成聚氨酯预聚体，三乙胺（TEA）作为中和剂，乙二胺（EDA）作为后扩链剂，合成了一系列环氧树脂改性含硅自消光水性聚氨酯树脂乳液。采用粒度分析仪测定乳液粒径、FTIR表征胶膜表面结构、SEM观察胶膜表面，并分析了胶膜的光泽度、水接触角、热力学等性能。结果表明：在n(PBA)：n(PDMS)=1:2的条件下，环氧树脂添加量为5 %时，乳液粒径为1152 nm，胶膜60?光泽度为3.4；水接触角为107.3?，疏水性能最优；胶膜拉伸强度可达24.42 MPa，断裂伸长率在362 %，力学性能最优；胶膜热失重50 %时温度较未添加E-51的胶膜提高了18.3 ℃。     

多元醇水分散体的研究进展

多元醇水分散体作为双组分水性聚氨酯(2K-WPU)的羟基组分,对2K-WPU的结构和性能具有重要的影响。本文从特性、制备及改性等方面对4种多元醇水分散体近年的研究进展进行了总结,并对其未来的发展趋势提出了设想。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。