A software package for modeling power systems of arbitrary configurations

This paper presents a software package for mathematical modeling of power systems of any configuration for power system model tests in the normal and emergency modes, including tests of control algorithms for the whole power system and its individual elements. One of the specific tasks of this package is automation of gas-turbine tests, including automatic pretesting and tuning of automatic control systems (ACSs) for gas turbines in all operating modes of power plants (independently, in parallel, and with a powerful network). The paper describes the architecture of the developed software package and its optimization module as a platform for various tasks: automatic ACS tuning, selection of the optimal arrangement and types of generating units, load distribution in a power system, optimization of electric-power quality, tuning of automatic- and relay-protection systems, etc.     

Adaptive control of the rotational frequency of a gas-turbine unit using a tunable model

In this paper, methods of adaptive control of gas-turbine units that are parts of gas-turbine power plants are studied. The main qualitative and quantitative indicators of the operation of these units depend on the automatic control system. In the autonomous operation of a gas-turbine power plant, the frequency of electricity directly depends on the rotational speed of the turbine of a gas-turbine plant connected through a reducer to a synchronous generator shaft. Modern adaptive control systems are often developed on the basis of aeronautical automatic control systems and do not take into account the features of load changes in the production of electricity. This leads to the fact that the power-quality indicators for frequency, such as maximum deviation and recovery time, do not always meet the requirements of GOST (State Standard). The aim of this study is to improve the quality of electricity by frequency in the autonomous mode of operation of a gas-turbine power plant. Methods of signal adaptive control with reference and tunable models are considered. The structures of the reference and tunable models and the method of identification in real time are presented. The position of the adaptation module in the overall structure of the automatic control system of the gas-turbine unit has been determined. Results of mathematical modeling confirming the effectiveness of the method are presented.     

广州蓄能水电厂计算机过程控制功能设计及应用

广州蓄能水电A厂计算机监控系统全面升级改造,重新设计优化了电厂自动控制程序,其核心功能自动发电控制功能和自动电压控制功能根据先进的控制理念,重新设计优化了算法,提高了电厂自动控制水平。介绍了广州蓄能水电A厂上位机电厂自动控制程序主要模块的功能及算法设计,为今后电厂自动控制程序设计提供参考。     

电力系统无功优化调度研究综述

较为全面地综述了国内外学术界对无功优化调度问题的研究状况.通过对静态和动态无功优化调度数学模型及各种优化算法的分析,总结了该项研究的五个关键问题,即寻优质量、离散变量处理、求解效率、动态优化调度及协同优化计算和控制等.提出采用多智能体(Agent)建模及其协同优化方法进行全局实时动态无功优化调度的计算和控制.最后指出了有待深入研究的问题,例如无功优化调度的控制次序和负荷模型等.     

Development of a process control system for the gas-turbine units operating at the thermal power plant of the Tuapse oil refinery plant

The characteristics of the thermal and electrical circuits for the six gas-turbine units operating at the thermal power plant of the oil refinery plant in Tuapse are reported. Operational modes of the equipment at different steam to electricity-consumption ratios are considered. The structure of the distributed control system of the process control system (PCS) and its characteristics are presented. The paper provides basic solutions for controlling thermal and electrical loads of the gas-turbine units. The designing features of circuits to control the power plant’s basic parameters are shown.     

Using Neural Networks in Controlling Low- and Medium-Capacity Gas-Turbine Plants

The possibilities of using neural network technologies for synthesizing new and improving existent gas-turbine plant (GTP) control systems are considered. Modern gas-turbine plant control systems are often developed on the basis of aviation automatic control systems, without taking into account the peculiarities of load changes in electricity generation. As a result, frequency-related quality indicators of electricity, such as maximum deviation and recovery time, do not always meet requirements that have been set out. This study is aimed at improving the quality of generated electricity. A list of different disturbances that can arise in an electric power system is provided, as well as the results of using the neural network model of a GTP to optimize the parameters of the gas-turbine unit adjuster.     

葛南直流输电改造工程控制系统静态特性的实验研究

通过仿真实验对葛洲坝-南桥直流输电改造工程的直流系统静态特性进行了校核,基于葛南直流输电系统的参数,描述了在实验室条件下校核直流输电系统静态特性的方法和原理.文中分别将整流侧和逆变侧的静态特性曲线按拐点分为几个部分,对直流系统的稳态运行点在静态特性曲线的不同部分之间移动的过程,即各种控制方式相互转换的过程和原理进行了描述,并针对实验中的三个具体问题,即定功率方式下的系统控制特性曲线、增加电流裕度补偿功能时的控制特性曲线和电流定值小于1pu时的逆变侧控制特性曲线进行了分析和说明.     

绿色数据中心的供电运行控制和能量管理

将可再生能源引入数据中心高压直流UPS供电系统,形成直流微网的供电方式.基于此设计了一种分层系统运行控制和能量管理策略,旨在实现系统可靠运行和能量优化利用.微网由电网、光伏发电单元、储能电池和数据中心计算负荷组成,设备级控制考虑并网和孤岛2种运行方式划分为4种工作模式,光伏boost变换器有MPPT和降功率稳压2种工作...     

改进比例-积分-微分控制方法在无功补偿和混合滤波综合补偿系统中的应用

设计了一种兼有无功补偿和混合滤波功能的综合补偿系统。由于传统比例-积分-微分控制方法对上述系统的检测精度、计算延时和被控对象状态变化具有较强的依赖性,文中将增量递推预测模型预作用于上述系统以补偿延时带来的控制误差,提出了一种采用预测模型实现的多模比例-积分-微分控制方法,使得当电网状态变化时该补偿系统可自动在比例-积分和比例-微分模型间切换。仿真结果和实际运行情况表明该补偿系统具有控制精度高、鲁棒性强等特点,验证了该控制方法的正确性和有效性。     

一种模块化多电平换流器分布式均压控制策略

应用于柔性高压直流输电领域的模块化多电平换流器,其桥臂级联功率模块数量通常多达数百个;而现有的阀控系统电容排序均压策略存在运算量大、硬件实现困难等问题。针对该问题,首先提出了一种分布式模块电压均衡控制策略;然后通过将桥臂中的功率模块分组,把桥臂电容电压平均值作为参考值。分组模块电压平均值作为反馈值,对各分组功率模块导通数动态调整,在保证电压均衡效果良好的前提下,有效降低控制系统处理器的运算量。该策略中所有功率模块均能实现故障冗余,而不会降低换流器整体冗余能力。最后在PSCAD/EMTDC中构建HVDC系统进行仿真验证,仿真结果证明了该策略的正确性和有效性。     

平果可控串补工程及其在南方电网中的作用

文章对平果可控串补(TCSC)工程的控制特性进行了理论分析,并对天平Ⅰ回(Ⅱ回)线旁路串补、投入固定串补(FSC)和投入FSC TCSC这三种不同的运行方式在增加系统传输容量和提高系统稳定性方面做了理论分析和仿真实验,仿真结果验证了平果可控串补在改善南方电网稳定性方面的积极作用.     

东北电网大扰动试验仿真计算中的综合负荷模型及其拟合参数

2004年和2005年分别在东北电网进行了4次金属性三相短路大扰动试验。以上述大扰动试验的实测数据为依据,对试验结果和仿真结果进行了对比研究,并调整了励磁系统的模型和参数,恢复了接入低压网络的小电源供电。通过分析各种负荷模型的适应性,给出了考虑配电网的综合负荷模型的拟合参数。采用上述拟合参数进行仿真实验,验证了该综合负荷模型及其拟合参数的正确性和有效性。     

基于APROS的发电厂电气系统仿真模型

对发电厂仿真系统中复杂的网控系统NCS(Net Control System),利用APROS图形自动化建模系统进行建模。该系统是以模块化建模为基础,以图形连接信息表达模块连接信息、具有完善的图形编辑功能和友好的用户界面。利用该系统对某发电厂NCS和1号单元机组分散控制系统DCS(Distributed Control System)中电气系统进行数学建模,再建立仿真模型,提高了建模效率、准确性和规范性。     

格尔木燃气电站水处理系统中存在问题的分析及处理

通过对格尔木300 MW燃气电站锅炉补给水处理系统调试过程中存在的问题进行分析,并提出了解决措施,通过实施,实现了水处理系统的自动运行和控制。     

基于DCS的神经网络控制的工程实现

介绍了LN2000分散控制系统的软件设计方案。在系统功能模块的设计过程中,充分利用先进控制策略在热工过程控制中的应用研究成果,设计并开发了先进控制算法模块。详细介绍了该模块的输入输出变量和参数设置,论述了模块内部进行的手自动无扰切换的处理方法。针对火电厂主汽温被控对象,采用基于单个神经元的自适应控制器组成串级控制系统,利用LN2000分散控制系统平台,进行实时仿真研究。结果表明,采用基于单个神经元的自适应控制器的主汽温串级控制系统具有良好的跟踪性能和较强的鲁棒性。     

井控与举升控制系统的供电设计方法研究

针对带压装置操作程序繁琐,用液压与自动控制相结合的方式形成井控设备与夹持装置的逻辑控制,实现了操作流程自动化。但有关供电设计部分保护功能简单、易间断、可靠性较低。首先介绍了液压与自动控制相结合的井控与举升控制系统设计原理,而后具体剖析了已有电源模块中双 AC/DC 转换器的冷备用、热备用衔接模式各自存在的问题,并提出了一种双AC/DC转换器供电系统设计方案。研究结果表明,双AC/DC转换器能够增强供电模块的可靠性,有效地解决了直流电源在供电中的可持续问题。     

Determining electrical efficiency of permanent magnet synchronous machines with different control methods

An algorithm to calculate the electrical efficiency of permanent magnet synchronous machines with four different control methods is presented. The direct- and quadrature-axis stator current components are optimized to find the control method producing the maximum electrical efficiency. The developed computation algorithm was tested with three different permanent magnet synchronous machine applications, i.e., a low-speed high-torque direct-driven wind power generator with rotor surface magnets, a hybrid drive for an energy recovery system and a geared wind power generator with rotor buried magnets. The performance of the developed computation algorithm was verified by comparing the calculated electrical efficiencies with the measurements in the case of the hybrid drive machine.     

Method of Stabiiizing Power Systems Using Variable Series Impedance

The stabilizing facilities for power systems, i.e., series capacitor, system damping resistor, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), phase shiftcr, etc., are used to improve the stability of synchronous generators. The control principle of these facilities to enhance the system damping is the same in the sense that these stabilizers control the active power so as to stabilize power systems. The generalized control method for these facilities has not been studied from the viewpoint of active power control. The generalized control method applying the variable structure control from the viewpoint of acceleration power for the synchronous generators is proposed in this paper. The variable structure control can be applied to both nonlinear and linear systems and has robustness against parameter variations. In this paper, the control law is derived first in general form from the viewpoint of active power in the synchronous generator. This control law can take into account the automatic voltage regulator and governor effect indirectly. The feedback gains of the controller can be determined taking into account parameter variations in the synchronous generator. Second, this method is applied to the one-machine infinite-bus system with a variable series inductance so as to investigate the validity of this control method. The simulation results show that the controller is able to improve the system damping of the power system and is especially effective against parameter variations.     

动力电池分散逻辑式均衡系统及其均衡策略研究

研究了一种适合高压动力电池组的分散逻辑式均衡系统,并分析了该系统结构及其控制策略。在所提出的电池均衡系统中,整车电池组被划分为多个电池模组进行模块化分散管理。均衡变换器结合电池模组的电压信息,构造变参数下垂控制器,调节电池模组输入输出功率,实现电池模组的实时均衡。与此同时,均衡变换器还可以代替车内辅助铅酸蓄电池为车内低压设备供电,减小了车内电气单元的体积与成本。对均衡控制策略的稳定性进行了分析,对均衡变换器(双向双半桥变换器)进行了建模与设计,实验结果验证了均衡系统及均衡策略的可行性。     

电力系统网络化控制中的关键问题

电力系统网络化控制,不仅需要从控制理论的角度出发研究系统的控制性能,而且应该从计算机网络的角度出发研究网络性能对控制系统的影响。从网络化控制系统出发,提出了网络化控制系统中的单调速率(rate monotonic,RM)和最小截止期优先(earlist deadline first,EDF)2类实时调度算法。研究了网络化控制中的网络调度、任务调度、网络性能、控制节点工作方式,并以励磁系统为控制对象,采用True Time仿真工具,进行了励磁系统的阶跃仿真。比较了在RM和EDF算法下网络调度和任务调度的控制性能,研究了电力系统网络化控制在网络调度、任务调度、网络类型选择、交换机缓冲区选择中应当采取的策略。