Mathematical simulation and parameter determination of regulation of a linear electrical reciprocating machine

A linear switched-reluctance electrical machine (LEM) intended to be used as an electric-power generator together with a free-piston internal-combustion engine (ICE) has been analyzed. Taking into account the hard service conditions of an electrical machine (EM) in close proximity to a cylinder ICE, hottemperature zones and heavy mechanical loads of the EM of the vent-inductor type have been recommended to be used. Development of a control system for this type of machine is one of the most complicated problems when developing it. It has been suggested to determine the reasonable principles and regulating algorithms of the machine that is being considered, as well as its regulation system and energy-data evaluation, on the basis of a model of the electromagnetic process. Taking into account the characteristic properties of the linear switched-reluctance machine as a modeling object, a mathematical model has been developed to solve the problems mentioned above. As stator phases have separate coil-flux guides and are not connected magnetically, the electromagnetic processes in each phase are analyzed independently. For experimental corroboration of ideas for design calculation, an experimental model of the machine has been constructed. Parameters required for modeling the characteristics’ correspondences of flux linkage and phase current’s generating force at various positions of a moving element have been determined for this machine experimentally. Performance of the linear switched reluctance electrical reciprocating machine has been analyzed with the mathematical model with moving-element movement frequencies unfeasible for study on a proving stand. Reasonable parameters of the current pulses’ phases of the machine have been determined, and its energy data have been evaluated. The obtained results have confirmed the correctness of the design approaches, choice of regulation principles, and adjustment of a linear vent-inductor electrical machine of forward and backward action and the feasibility of using it as an electric-power generator together with a free-piston ICE.     

电动汽车用永磁同步电机模型预测MRAS无速度传感器控制

针对电动汽车机械式传感器在复杂工作环境下易失效的问题,将基于模型参考自适应(MRAS)的无速度传感器技术应用于电动汽车中。针对传统MRAS无速度传感器控制存在的转子位置估计相位延迟较大、转速估计误差较大等问题,将模型预测控制算法应用到MRAS中。参考模型选用永磁同步电机(PMSM)电流磁链方程,可调模型选取电压磁链方程,代价函数是磁链的差值,待估计参数选择转子位置。与传统MRAS无速度传感器控制算法相比,转速、转子位置估计结果更加精确,估计误差较小,动态性能和稳态性能优良。通过仿真和试验验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

Analysis of permanent-magnet machine for sensorless control based on high-frequency signal injection

This paper presents the analysis of a surface-mounted permanent-magnet (SMPM) machine for the sensorless control scheme based on the high-frequency fluctuating voltage signal injection method. A simplified high-frequency model of an SMPM machine in the estimated rotor reference frame is developed and a sensorless rotor position and speed estimation algorithm is described. To support this, the high-frequency impedances of an SMPM machine are analyzed by finite-element analysis (FEA) and compared with measurement results using a pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) inverter system under various injection conditions. The results of the FEA and measurements are coincident with each other with some errors due to the nonlinear behavior of the PWM inverter and the SMPM machine. The analysis results give physical insights into selecting the injection conditions for sensorless operation of the SMPM machine even though adjustments considering nonlinear behaviors of PWM inverters are required in the actual operation for the desired performance. The experimental results of speed and position control using a commercial SMPM machine are presented based on the analysis of the SMPM machine for the sensorless control algorithm.     

Torque and reactive power control of a doubly fed induction machineby position sensorless scheme

A novel control strategy to realize decoupled control of torque and reactive power for a doubly excited induction machine using a position sensorless scheme is proposed. The critical issues related to the torque angle estimation and control for a doubly excited induction machine are discussed. Compared to the other position sensorless schemes for a doubly fed machine, the proposed control method uses only the rotor voltages and currents as the feedback signals, which substantially reduces the costs and enhances the reliability of the position sensorless control of a doubly fed AC machine. Computer simulation and experimental results are given to verify the position sensorless control scheme     

基于电感线性区模型的开关磁阻电机无位置传感器技术

无位置传感器起动和低速运行控制是开关磁阻电机研究的难点问题。分别针对静止、带初始转速,以及驱动运行3种模式进行了研究,提出了一种基于电感线性区模型的开关磁阻电机无位置传感器控制方法。该方法采用电流斜率差值计算法来辨识全周期的电感信息;并通过设计电感比较逻辑实现电感线性区的估计;在电感线性区建立了角度–电感关系的数学模型,可以直接估计出转子位置和转速信息,实现无位置传感器无反转起动和运行控制。实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性和可行性。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的永磁同步电机无传感器矢量控制

为实现永磁同步电机(PMSM)的无传感器控利,引入扩展卡尔曼滤波对转子位置和转速进行估计,该算法通过测量电机端电压和定子电流在线估计转子位置和速度.为提高PMSM转速估计精度,以两相静止坐标系下考虑转动惯量的PMSM实际模型为递推估计对象,搭建转速、电流双闭环的无传感器矢量控制系统.仿真结果表明,系统状态估计精度较高、运行稳定、超调小、动静态性能良好.     

Sensorless vector controller for a synchronous reluctance motor

A new high-performance sensorless speed vector controller that implements the maximum torque per ampere control strategy for the inverter-driven synchronous reluctance machine is presented in this paper. It is based on a parameter-dependent technique for online estimation of rotor position and angular velocity at the control rate. The current ripple principle is used to estimate position. The estimates are fed to a conventional closed-loop observer to predict the new position and angular velocity. The very high accuracy of the sensorless control algorithm at both low and high speeds is confirmed by experimental results     

基于无滤波器方波信号注入的永磁同步电机初始位置检测方法

针对无位置传感器内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)初始位置检测中,传统的基于凸极跟踪的短脉冲电压注入法难以确定脉冲宽度和幅值、实现困难、二次谐波分量法信噪比低的缺点,提出一种基于无滤波器方波信号注入的IPMSM初始位置检测方法。首先通过向观测的转子d轴注入高频方波电压信号,采用无滤波器载波信号分离方法解耦位置误差信息,通过位置跟踪器获取磁极位置初定值;然后基于磁饱和效应,通过施加方向相反的d轴电流偏置给定,比较d轴高频电流响应幅值大小实现磁极极性辨识;最后,通过2.2k W IPMSM矢量控制系统对提出的基于无滤波器方波信号注入的初始位置检测方法进行实验验证。结果表明,所提方法收敛速度较快,可在IPMSM转子静止或自由运行状态实现初始位置辨识和低速可靠运行,位置观测误差最大值为6.9°。     

基于脉振高频注入法的零低速永磁直线同步电机无位置传感器控制

针对零低速下永磁直线同步电机（PMLSM）的无位置传感器控制方法存在精度低、稳定性差、算法复杂等问题,提出了一种改进的脉振高频注入法的无位置传感器控制方法。在利用PMLSM饱和凸极性进行初步位置估计的基础上,提出了特殊位置校正和磁极判断的方法,从而简便地获得较为准确的动子位置,实现PMLSM零低速下的无位置传感器运行。在此基础上,利用Simulink对PMLSM无位置传感器控制进行仿真建模,并搭建样机试验平台进行试验验证。通过仿真和试验结果表明,所提方法可以准确、快速地检测出PMLSM动子初始位置和低速运行时的动子位置,保证电机平稳起动运行,且具有良好的位置估计精度和动态性能。     

Improving the energy efficiency of electric drives of reciprocating rolling mills

Components of power losses in electric drives of reciprocating rolling mills with an extremely irregular load diagram are considered. Energy efficiency is increased in the electric drive of reciprocating rolling blocks by improving electric drive components, methods, and control systems. It is confirmed that there is a high level of efficiency of the proportional control of the armature and excitation currents in the low loading area. The capabilities of both traditional systems of slave regulation and fundamentally new systems of the ac electric drive are analyzed. The nature of the benefits related to use of an electric drive with a field-regulated reluctance machine is explained—use of the whole of the armature winding coils during creation of electromagnetic torque and lack of a number of nodes with large current (compensating winding, auxiliary pole and excitation winding).     

基于反电动势法的双绕组永磁容错电机转子位置估计算法研究

针对双绕组永磁容错电机,在反电动势法基础上,提出一种改进的适用于容错电机的转子位置估计算法。利用每相绕组产生的磁链增量及单位反电动势来估算双绕组永磁容错电机转子的位置,通过锁相环技术进行误差补偿,对该方法中使用到的电机参数进行在线辨识,把辨识结果更新到转子位置估计算法中。通过该方法可以在双绕组永磁容错电机正常工作、单相故障或者多相故障容错的情况下,实现对转子位置以及转速的估计。通过MATLAB/Simulink进行仿真,验证转子位置估算方法的准确性和鲁棒性。     

SRM空间电感向量法低速无位置传感器控制技术

为解决开关磁阻电机(switched reluctance motor,SRM)无位置传感器启动和低速驱动运行控制的研究难题,文中基于SRM空间电感向量模型提出了一种新的转子位置估计方法。在电机启动及低速驱动运行两种不同状态下,该方法通过对电机绕组进行高频脉冲注入以实现三相电感辨识,并结合复平面内三相电感向量模型与转子位置角度之间的余弦函数关系,采用反余弦变换实现SRM转子位置准确估计。最终通过仿真和实验对提出的无位置方案进行了验证,结果表明,该方法能对SRM转子位置进行准确定位并实现无位置传感器可靠启动及低速运行。     

永磁直线同步电机驱动系统速度和位置无传感器检测新方法

为了实现永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)无传感器伺服控制,必须估计出电机的速度和磁极位置.本文提出了一种通过电机电流和电压信号估计PMLSM速度和位置的简单方法.在建立PMLSM三相电压模型的基础上,通过park变换,得到基于估计位置的dq轴模型,从而求出由轴电流微分.另外通过实际电流信号计算出电流微分.通过两个电流微分...     

双馈风力发电系统无速度传感器控制

变速恒频风电系统中,速度传感器的使用降低了双馈发电系统的可靠性.提出了一种基于坐标变换方式的双馈电机无速度传感器控制策略,利用电流、电压估算转子磁场的位置.为了验证该方法的正确性,使用DSP控制芯片构建了双馈风力发电实验系统,该系统无需增加额外的设备,算法简单易行,实验结果表明所提出的控制方法能够准确观测转子角度.     

无传感器电机位置检测策略综述

针对装置直接位置传感器的电机结构复杂、价格昂贵、可靠性低的弱点 ,间接位置传感器技术将成为今后电机控制技术发展的必然趋势。本文综述了有关无传感器电机的位置检测策略     

无位置传感器开关磁阻电机的无迟滞起动研究

介绍了一种检测无位置传感器开关磁阻电机(SRM)无迟滞起动转子初始位置估算法。通过向电机定子相绕组注入瞬时测试脉冲来准确估算转子初始位置，从而实现转子处于任何位置时的无迟滞起动，给出了仿真和实验结果。     

基于特殊位置检测的开关磁阻电机无位置传感器控制策略

针对开关磁阻电机调速系统(SRD),提出了一种基于特殊位置检测的开关磁阻电机(SRM)转子位置估算方法。通过在线计算每相绕组实时磁链数据,检测出各相转子到达特殊位置的时刻。提出了基于特殊位置检测的电机转子位置重构策略,对电机瞬时转子位置进行还原。在提出的转子位置估算方法基础上,设计了SRD转速闭环控制系统。样机试验表明,提出的转子位置估算策略具有较高的检测精度与较宽的转速使用范围。基于关键位置检测的转速闭环无位置传感器控制策略具有较快的动态响应和较强的鲁棒性。     

Adaptive mesh generation applied to switched-reluctance motordesign

The design of switched-reluctance motors (SRMs) requires the calculation of the phase flux linkage of the motor as a function of rotor position and exciting current. The authors describe a new method to establish this variation using finite element techniques. The mesh preparation, boundary source and material data, equation solution, and extraction of machine data from the solution are all done completely automatically. The designer is thus removed from the numerical analysis chores that, formerly, greatly reduced effectiveness. The method has also been applied to flux linkage against position determination in permanent magnet machines     

电动飞机电推进用永磁同步电机无传感器控制技术综述

随着绿色航空的发展和新能源技术的不断进步,电动飞机也得到了快速发展。作为电动飞机的核心,电推进系统也受到越来越多的关注。永磁同步电机（PMSM）凭借其功率密度大、效率高等优势成为电动飞机电推进系统的理想解决方案。由于不依赖位置传感器,永磁同步电机无传感器控制技术能够更好地满足电动飞机对高空复杂环境下高可靠性的要求。首先,对当前电动飞机推进用永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制的主要方法进行了总结和比较。其次,针对转子起始位置检测、低速起动以及中高速运行中的关键技术和难点进行了分析。最后,对目前研究中存在的问题进行了归纳,并对未来的发展进行了展望。     

基于参数辨识的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制

针对电机运行过程中参数变化会影响永磁同步电机(PMSM)无位置传感器控制性能的问题,将递推的最小二乘法(RLS)用于PMSM参数的在线辨识,在最大转矩电流比控制策略下,使用基于BP神经网络改进的模型参考自适应系统构建无位置传感器控制方案,提出了基于在线参数辨识的PMSM无位置传感器控制方案。运用递推的RLS对PMSM的交轴电感和转子磁链进行在线辨识,并将参数辨识结果应用于电机无位置传感器算法中。仿真和试验证明了基于递推的RLS参数辨识算法可以对PMSM的转子磁链和交轴电感值进行准确辨识,基于参数辨识的PMSM无位置传感器控制方案性能更好。