A traction electric drive for electric cars

It is advisable to use a controlled electric drive in electric drives of electric off-road vehicles due to its significant multiplicity of the supported torque (5: 1 and higher) in a low-power mode. Such overloads can be achieved, for example, in electric drives with a field-regulated reluctance machine, not only because of the capacity of the electric machines, but also due to the choice of the drive control system. Analysis of requirements for the electric drive of an electric vehicle is performed, and the influence of the control method on the specific parameters is considered. Analysis of the number of independent control actions in synchronous reluctance electric drives is provided. The possibility of increasing the overload multiplicity of the torque by abandoning the vector control in favor of structures similar to dc drive systems is shown.     

A microcomputer based integrated generation and transmission systemsimulator

An integrated generation and transmission simulator has been developed to serve as a tool to complement the teaching of power system operation, control, and protection. The simulator provides a hands-on exercise for the student to operate a generation and transmission system with a man-machine interface similar to that commonly used in a control center. Unit commitment, economic load dispatch, system dynamics, under frequency load-shedding schemes, load flow and modeling of overcurrent relays and overload tripping are integrated into the simulator. A built-in assessment scheme monitors the student's actions and generates a fair and consistent grade to all students     

面向智能调度的调度运行人员培训仿真系统探讨

调度员培训仿真系统(DTS)及其互联,以及变电站运行人员仿真培训系统(SOTS)在电网中逐步得到应用。结合智能调度的建设,提出了建立新一代面向调度员、监控员、变电运行人员的综合智能型培训仿真系统的设想和技术框架。该系统的应用可以满足智能调度的建设需求,促进调度运行人员提升驾驭大电网的能力。     

Slab Mill Process Control

Today, the slab mill operator cannot do it alone. He needs the help that process control provides. When process control is mentioned, many people immediately think of a computer. But a computer is only one example of process control. A control that takes a number of actions performed by mill operators and simplifies them, or relieves an operator of continual attentiveness to the process may be considered process automation. This paper will describe process automation, or control, as it is applied to the various drives in the slab mill, indicated on Fig 1. The slab mill area includes the ingot buggy, main mill, scarfer, shear, weigh and stamp, and piler. The rolling mill itself will be described last since major emphasis will be placed on process control for this area.     

Development of a full-scale training simulator for an 800-MW power unit

Stages of work involving preparation of requirements specification, development, and subsequent implementation of a project for constructing a full-scale training simulator of an 800-MW power unit are considered. The training simulator is constructed using the Kosmotronika-Venets computerized automation system developed by PIK Progress (Moscow). The entire personnel training system, the arrangement of drills, and the concept of structuring the entire personnel education system at the Surgut GRES-2 district power station, a branch of E.ON Rossiya, had to be touched in drawing up the requirements specification for elaborating the training simulator. The article describes how these problems were solved.     

Improving the operation of chemical process systems at thermal power stations using computerized education facilities

The list and characteristics of computerized systems used for carrying out basic training of the operating personnel of chemical departments are presented. The results from contests of professional skills carried out among comprehensive teams of thermal power stations with participation of the operating personnel of chemical departments are analyzed. The result obtained from using software facilities for improving the operation of chemical process systems at thermal power stations is discussed.     

基于SG-OSS的调控一体化仿真培训应用的设计与实现

针对现有的培训手段不能满足调控中心运行人员的培训需求问题,基于智能电网调度技术支持系统（SG-OSS）基础平台提出了调控一体化联合仿真培训应用系统的总体框架体系.该框架体系包括软件、硬件系统的体系结构;详细阐述了软件系统中平台层、模型层、功能层及应用层的构成、相互关系及作用.基于该框架体系设计所研发的系统已在江苏省电力调度控制中心示范应用,并在2013年迎峰度夏联合反事故演习得到应用,现场应用效果显示,该研究成果为调度员、监控员、变电站现场操作运行人员建立了全方位、全过程、全场景的高逼真度培训平台,可以满足调控运行人员培训、演习、考核等需求.     

基手虚拟DCS技术的电厂给水除氧系统建模与仿真

利用虚拟分散控制系统(DCS)技术建立新型电厂仿真系统,并结合给水除氧系统的仿真建模进行正常和故障工况的仿真验证。使用基于模块化的建模与图形组态方法,在基于虚拟DCS技术的新型分散式仿真机上建立了适于实时仿真而又满足精度要求的给水除氧系统仿真数学模型。在故障工况仿真中摒弃了以往只进行模块局部仿真或小系统仿真的作法,将故障置入正常运行的整个电厂仿真系统中,查看并分析相关参数变化趋势及影响。经运行测试,建立的模型算法合理,稳态工况参数误差满足要求,故障工况参数的动态特性符合现场实际,满足电厂运行、热工培训和反事故演练的要求。     

An integrated load forecasting-load management simulator: itsdesign and performance

An integrated load-forecasting-load-management (LFLM) simulator is constructed that can be used by electric cooperatives and electric utilities alike. Rule-based algorithms have been used for implementing various functions of the simulator. The major elements of the simulator are 24 hour load forecasts, water heater and air conditioner load models, direct load control dispatch, and intelligent databases. The system has been provided with adequate amount of intelligence so that it is able to make the right decisions, revise and update its rules and factors, diagnose problems and take corrective actions without the need for operator intervention in most situations. The load-management simulator consists of a central unit, remote unit, and data sources. Five microcomputers, six monitors, two dot-matrix printers, four modems and a terminal are the main components of the system. The central unit consists of an IBM-RT/PC microcomputer and its communication accessories. The design, implementation, and performance evaluation of the simulator are addressed     

变电站集中监控仿真培训系统的设计与实现

作开发和实现了一种新型的变电站集中监控仿真培训系统。该系统不仅对两种典型的集中监控系统(SCADA)进行了完整仿真,而且对集控站所在电网及其所监控的500kV,220kV,110kV,三个不同电压等级各具特点的变电站和综合自动化系统进行了详细仿真,实现了集控中心仿真、变电站仿真和电网仿真的一体化联合仿真,从而可以对整个集控站的生产运行过程进行全仿真。该系统已在广电集团广帅供电分公司成功投入运行,取得了良好的培训效果。     

Interfacing Modern Drives with Mill Distributed Control Systems

Present-day drive systems are all-digital and have taken on the characteristics of a drive-level distributed control system with a high-speed communications system encompassing the master, drives, and operator's controls. The interface with the next higher level in the mill control hierarchy, the distributed control system, must reflect these characteristics. The speed of response required for direct manipulation of the drive system is very fast. Consequently the slower distributed control system is used primarily to monitor and perform relatively long-term control functions on the drive system. Local machine operator controls are required for safe direct command control of the sections. An adequate communications link may be established through conventional programmable controller highway protocol and hardware.     

一种新型仿真培训系统的设计与实现

提出了一种新型的数字仿真系统。该系统以惠州地区电网为仿真对象,选取了不同电压等级的4个变电站进行详细仿真。该系统涵盖了惠州地区电网变电站的大部分设备类型和接线方式,采用基于组件的软件技术,对变电站一、二次设备全面实现了三维模拟,正确反映了变电站、综合自动化系统和电网的相互作用、相互影响。目前已在惠州供电局投入使用,并取得了很好的培训效果。     

基于EMS的电网一体化仿真培训系统

电网的迅速发展对电力生产人员提出越来越高的要求,但是,传统的电网调度员培训仿真系统（DTS）与变电站运行人员培训仿真系统（OTS）是孤立运行的,不能对电网、变电站运行人员进行全过程、全方位训练。考虑到能量管理系统（EMS）日趋完善,为此,专门设计了一种基于EMS全模型的电网一体化仿真培训系统,可仿真整个电网或区域电网进行演习和操作,实现信息共享,具有较好的培训效果。     

Improving the Specific Mass and Dimensions of Synchronous Reluctance Electric Drives

An analysis of independent control actions in different control structures is performed to compare different methods for improving the specific mass and dimensions of electric drives for objects that carry out point-to-point motion or tracking motion. Algorithms for optimizing the form of phase (control) currents are formulated. The physical modeling method has shown that a rectangular oscillogram of the phase current in a series excitation circuit is most convenient for use in overload zones. It is shown that improved mass and dimensions in the low-power range can be achieved in synchronous reluctance electric drives having a complex rotor design (compound design with nonmagnetically conductive inserts). A multiphase circuit with individual sources in each phase is an appropriate circuit for use in high-power electric drives (more than 500 kW). Improved acceleration performance is achieved without complicating the design of the rotor due to the failure of sinusoidal control laws. In this case, the parameters of the electric drive under consideration are comparable with the parameters of a synchronous reluctance electric drive having a compound (complex) rotor. The form of the phase current is rectangular at the initial stage of adjustment, and the ratio between the excitation current and the armature current is determined depending on the saturation coefficient of the magnetic system.     

计算机监控系统的在变电站集控中心应用

主要以集控中心RCS-9001计算机监控系统应用过程中发现的问题为例进行分析,从变电运行专业角度研究讨论计算机监控系统中三遥信息和后台画面规范的建议,并介绍集控中心特点,阐述集控中心后台集控系统在后台机画面和一、二次设备等在遥控、遥信、遥测等方面应具备的信息量以及今后发展过程中需要解决及规范的一些问题。     

Ways to decrease losses in electric drives and improvement of electrical safety during their service

A list of recommendations to increase the energy efficiency of an electric drive by decreasing the total losses has been given. Three ways in which an energy-saving drive can be developed have been differentiated. The first approach is improvement of conventional solutions. This can be achieved by means of using new high-quality active materials in electric machines and by optimization of their power circuits. The second approach is a systematic approach to designing and taking into account the combined work of all the components of an electric drive. In this case, improvement entails development of new types of electric drives, such as switched reluctance drives, electric drives with a field-regulated reluctance machine, and others. New solutions actively use the advantages of control and power electronics. The third approach provides improvement of both the existing solutions and taking into account the combined work of a semiconductor converter and motor. Using the example of an electric drive with a field-regulated reluctance machine, calculations of total losses have been carried out and ways to decrease losses by means of choosing efficient control laws for stator currents and power transfer circuits have been demonstrated. Recommendations that allow improvement of the electrical safety of technical personnel who service electrical systems have also been suggested.     

基于调度远动综合培训的一体化仿真系统设计

目前,调度员培训仿真（DTS）系统仅针对调度员培训,远动自动化人员还没有培训系统。在分析了2种培训要求的差异后,开发了既能对调度员又能对远动自动化人员进行培训的一体化仿真系统。在原有DTS系统教员控制、电网仿真和控制中心仿真3个模块的基础上,扩展了控制中心模块,并增加了数据转发模块,以使电网仿真与控制中心仿真之间由内部专有的程序连接变成了外部标准的物理通道连接。提出了仿真数据库的多态概念,以便仿真的调试与培训过程相分离,使仿真系统在时间尺度上达到高度逼真。     

基于ATmega128和FPGA的电脑横机控制系统的设计

通过分析电脑横机的功能要求和控制系统的实现方式,在电脑横机中引入嵌入式系统：采用AVR单片机ATmega 128和FPGA作为嵌入式全自动横机的主控制和从控制。实际应用效果表明了本设计方法的合理性和可行性。     

Fail safing human factors

Industrial equipment design must include safe methods to allow access for either maintenance or operational intervention. The removal of motive electrical power from a machine prior to operator intervention is a process that includes actions to stop the machine, remove motive power, establish personal control (lockout) of the device that has been used to remove the motive power, and verify that the motive power has been removed. This article demonstrates some of the problems encountered using traditional methods to disconnect the power from an industrial machine. A developmental concept has been proposed that is being used in newer designs to disconnect electrical power.