阳离子双硬脂酸酰胺的制备及其在中性施胶中的应用

以单硬脂酸甘油酯、二乙烯三胺、硫酸二甲酯为原料,制备了自乳化的阳离子双硬脂酸酰胺施胶剂,并用其进行纸张中性施胶实验。结果表明,在反应温度125℃、反应时间2.5 h的条件下,制备的阳离子双硬脂酸酰胺乳液具有良好的留着性和抗水性;该施胶剂在中性条件下施胶效果良好,草浆抄纸时,用量为1.0%时施胶度超过14 s,木浆抄纸时,用量达到0.2%即可产生施胶效果;且该施胶剂对纸张纤维有疏松、增厚作用,施胶剂用量1.0%时,纸张柔软度可提高20%,厚度增加10%。     

无机锆盐-阳离子PVA共聚物乳液的研究及应用

以阳离子PVA为分散剂,苯乙烯（St）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）为单体,甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DMc）为功能单体,利用无皂乳液聚合技术制备了一种阳离子乳液表面施胶剂。在制备阳离子PVA乳液表面施胶剂时,将无机的氧氯化锆引入有机乳液中提高施胶剂的应用效果,讨论了反应条件的变化对乳液稳定性及施胶应用效果的影响。确定了较佳的合成条件：m（St）：m（BA）=1．5：1,m（DMC）／{m（st）＋m（BA）}=0．20,w（H2O2）=2．5％,n（H2O2）：n（FeSO4）=0．05,氧氯化锆的用量为0．4％,PH=3～4,反应温度80℃,反应时间6h。聚合物乳液在纸上施胶后纸张的施胶度、耐破度、抗张力相对SAE施胶剂分别可以提高87％、11％、50％。     

阳离子型无机物／苯丙共聚物的共混物对阳离子分散松香施胶剂的增效作用

用阳离子型无机物与苯丙共聚物组成的WBH混合物作为阳离子分散松香胶（YSR）的增效剂,组成WBH．YSR混合施胶剂．研究了混合施胶剂中WBH的含量、混合施胶剂的用量、以及CaC03填料对纸张施胶度的影响。结果表明：m（YSR）：m（WBH）=8：2的混合施胶剂的施胶度最大,比单一的YSR提高了92．6％：其后继续增大施胶剂中的WBH质量比,施胶度减小。WBH的应用可大幅降低YSR的施胶成本．且混合施胶剂容忍CaCO,的用量程度大。     

阳离子松香中性施胶剂的制备及应用

采用自制的阳离子乳化剂乳化松香和改性松香制备了一种阳离子松香中性施胶剂，介绍了该施胶剂的制备技术、应用特性，并对纸张施胶度的影响因素进行了探讨。实验结果表明，阳离子松香中性施胶剂质量稳定、施胶效率高、可用于中性条件下施胶，在PH值6．0～8．0的范围内能获得满意的施胶效果。     

阳离子松香中性施胶剂的制备及应用研究

采用自制的阳离子乳化剂乳化松香和改性松香制备了一种阳离子松香中性施胶剂，介绍了该施胶剂的制备技术、应用特性，并对纸张施胶度的影响因素进行了探讨。实验结果表明，阳离子松香中性施胶剂质量稳定、施胶效率高、可用于中性条件下施胶，在pH值6．0-8．0的范围内能获得满意的施胶效果。     

脂肪酰胺施胶剂的合成及应用

以硬脂酸、二乙烯三胺(DETA)、环氧氯丙烷(EPI)为原料,经2步合成了阳离子脂肪酰胺施胶剂。首先将硬脂酸与二乙烯三胺以2:1.1的摩尔比,在180℃的温度反应6 h,生成双硬脂酰胺;接着用环氧氯丙烷对双硬脂酰胺进行阳离子化,在80℃下反应3 h,最后对反应产物进行乳化,制备成阳离子脂肪酰胺施胶剂。应用实验结果表明:阳离子脂肪酰胺施胶剂适合作为纸页表面施胶,能较好地克服常规AKD表面施胶时出现的高温水解及施胶度滞后等问题。     

阳离子淀粉作为表面施胶剂的研究

本文的研究目的是为了满足市场对增加纸张内部和表面强度,改善印刷性能和提高纸张强度的需求,采用将木薯淀粉阳离子化原纸进行表面施胶,然后测定纸张性能,探讨阳离子淀粉作为表面施胶剂的最佳应用条件。本文探讨了阳离子淀粉用作纸张表面施胶剂的作用机理,初步研究了制备阳离子淀粉的最优化条件,不同取代度的阳离子淀粉作为表面施胶剂的应用效果。通过对纸张性能（抗张强度、环压强度、吸水性）的测定,找出阳离子淀粉应用的优点。实验结果表明制备阳离子淀粉的最优化条件为木薯淀粉用量为50g,阳离子醚化剂用量为3.008g,n（NaOH）：n（CTA）=1.2：1,反应时间为2h,反应温度为40℃;阳离子淀粉作为表面施胶剂的最佳取代度和固含量分别为0.056和40%。     

影响分散松香胶效果的湿部化学因素的研究（1）：分散松香胶—硫酸铝…

本文对分散松香胶施胶过程中的湿部化学进行了初步的探讨，研究了硫酸铝，分散松香胶，阳离子淀粉等的用量以及施胶顺序对施胶效果的影响。研究结果表明，（１）正向施胶的效果优于逆向施胶；（２）随着阳离子淀粉用量的增加，施胶效果呈现先上升然后下降的趋势；在淀粉用量为１％左右，施胶效果为最佳；（３）在施胶剂用量不变的情况下，施胶效果随着硫酸铝用量的变化比较复杂；（４）在施胶剂和硫酸铝用量同时变化的情况下，施胶效     

阳离子双酰胺类纸张柔软剂的制备及应用

以牛油、二乙烯三胺和硫酸二甲酯为主要原料合成了一种新型阳离子双酰胺类纸张柔软剂。工艺条件为:酰胺化反应温度140℃,反应时间2 h,n(三硬脂酸甘油酯):n(DETA)=2∶3.2,催化剂对甲苯磺酸的用量1.5%;季铵化反应温度95℃,反应时间30 min,n(DETA):n(硫酸二甲酯)=1∶1.05。十六烷基三甲基氯化铵为乳化剂,加入量10%时所得乳化后柔软剂乳液分散均匀、稳定,有利于柔软剂与纸张纤维发生较好的吸附。柔软剂应用的较佳条件为:阳离子度0.5,柔软剂用量0.6%,熟化时间30 min;所得纸张有良好的柔软性和蓬松性而纸张表面光滑,有油腻感,柔软度为243 mN,厚度0.17 mm,具有十分理想的柔软效果。     

阳离子松香中性施胶剂的制备及应用研究

介绍了采用自制的阳离子乳化剂和乳化松香和改性松香制备了一种阳离子松香中性施胶剂。介绍了该施胶剂的制备技术、应用特性，并对纸张施胶度的影响因素进行了探讨。实验结果表明，阳离子松香中性施胶剂质量稳定、施胶效率高、可用于中性条件下施胶，在pH值6．0～8．0的范围内能获得满意的施胶效果。其不但适用于一次纤维浆料的施胶，也适用于二次纤维浆料的施胶，这也是该施胶剂最大特点之一。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the