铜-铝合金CPU散热器钎焊技术研究

介绍了一种环保型钎焊膏及其在CPU散热器铝合金／铜钎焊中的应用．结合散热器的铝合金-铜结构,分析了利用钎焊膏进行钎焊的过程．结果表明,钎焊可以在气体保护炉中进行,也可利用高频电源在空气气氛中进行．钎焊时在铝散热器与铜板之间发生了明显的反应,反应的液相在深度方向上有明显的晶界优先扩展取向,当在接触点发生反应产生液相后,反应得以持续进行的驱动力是Al、Cu原子通过固／液界面向反应液相中的扩散和溶解,在母材表面以下的金属学组织为Al—Cu—X和纯Al的两相组织．LHG—S2钎焊膏钎焊铜-铝合金散热器,钎焊缝的致密性完全可以达到散热器设计的技术要求,诸如传热效率及外观等．     

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE STRIP CASTING PROCESS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY BY THE TWIN ROLL METHOD

Experimental studies on the twin roll casting process in order to produce thin aluminum alloy strips are presented in this paper. A new twin roll caster was developed as an effective experimental tool. The caster is equipped with a complete casting system incorporating a control and measuring system using multiple sensors and various actuators. The data acquisition system of the caster can measure various process parameters including meniscus, casting speed, and temperature as well as roll gap and pressure. With this system, aluminum alloy thin strips were manufactured and the process parameters such as strip temperature, casting velocity, and pressing force of roll were investigated. Furthermore, the crystallizability, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the strip are evaluated by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and tensile test. The results revealed the ability of the twin roll caster to produce directly the thin strip of aluminum alloy with improved mechanical strength.     

Plastic buckling of ARALL plates

The plastic bifurcation buckling loads of ARALL (aramid aluminum laminate) plates are predicted. The plastic behavior of the plate is caused by the significant plasticity effects of the aluminum strips. The critical load level at which the ARALL plate loses its stability is determined from the material properties of the elastoplastic aluminum alloy strips and the elastic unidirectional aramid/epoxy composite layers, in conjunction with their geometric characteristics.     

金属镀层对铝/钢激光熔钎焊接头组织与性能的影响

针对在铝/钢焊接过程中,钢的表面金属镀层对铝/钢激光熔钎焊接头性能有着重要影响的问题,研究铝合金在不同金属镀层的低碳钢表面的铺展效果,通过SEM对不同金属镀层下熔钎焊接头界面微观组织形态、金属间化合物厚度、种类等进行分析,并进一步研究不同金属镀层下铝/钢接头的力学性能及断口形貌。结果表明:钢表面的金属镀层对铝/钢激光熔钎焊过程中5A06铝合金在钢上的铺展与浸润有着较大的影响,其中5A06铝合金在镀铝钢上的铺展效果最佳,且铝合金与镀铝锌钢熔钎焊的接头抗拉性能最好,达到母材铝合金的70%。铝/钢界面金属间化合物主要由铝铁金属间化合物组成,其中在镀铝钢、镀铝锌钢、镀锌钢中主要存在Fe2Al5,FeAl3,FeAl等金属间化合物,在镀镍钢界面中还存在Fe4Al13等金属间化合物。     

Physicochemical properties of an Al – C composite in two-stage production

A new two-stage production process of composite aluminum-based fibrous materials is investigated. The first stage is infiltration, i.e., moistening of a bundle of carbon fibers with a CuSn10Ti17 transition alloy. The main aim of this procedure is to form a barrier layer, which prevents the penetration of liquid aluminum into fibers. This transition layer contains predominantly titanium carbide (TiC). In the second stage, the primary base of the CuSn10Ti17 alloy is replaced by an aluminum one. Results of metallographic studies and a microanalysis of the chemical composition on the interface confirm the efficiency of the proposed method. It is shown that the processes of infiltration and change of the primary base for the final one occurs at a temperature of 1000°C for 1 – 1.5 and 4 min.     

铝合金表面制备二氧化钛薄膜及其光催化活性研究

分别以阳极氧化处理的6061铝合金和纯铝为载体,用液相沉积的方法在载体上制备了二氧化钛薄膜.结果表明,在6061铝合金上的TiO2纳米薄膜呈现带有孔洞的竹节状结构,而纯铝基片上的TiO2纳米薄膜具有良好的一维贯通结构.这主要是在AAO模板制备过程中,由于铝合金中的合金元素Mg被氧化,其产生的氧化物体积比Al2O3的体积小所致.在铝合金表面的TiO2薄膜光催化性能优于纯铝表面的TiO2薄膜.铝合金表面制备的TiO2薄膜因其特殊的带孔洞的竹节状结构,使其比表面积比纯铝上的TiO2薄膜大,因此其光降解甲基蓝效果更好.TiO2对甲基蓝的光催化降解符合一级反应动力学公式,在0.1 mol/L的氟钛酸铵溶液中沉积得到的TiO2薄膜光催化性能最好,表观反应速率为k=0.00444/min.     

焊接方法对铝合金焊接接头微弧氧化色差的影响

目的 分析铝合金焊接接头微弧氧化过程中色差产生的原因。方法 采用单激光和激光-MIG复合焊2种焊接方法焊接2A12铝合金,利用RGB值定性描述不同焊接试样的色差差异大小,采用金相、SEM和微区XRD观察2A12铝合金单激光和激光-MIG复合焊接头微弧氧化前后的组织、微观形貌和表面物相组成。结果 经微弧氧化处理后,2A12铝合单激光焊焊件的焊缝和母材之间无明显色差,2A12铝合金激光-MIG复合焊焊件的焊缝和母材之间存在明显色差,结合金相组织、表面和截面的SEM形貌以及表面EDS和XRD测试分析结果可知,成分和表面熔融物颗粒的大小不同是铝合金焊接接头微弧氧化色差形成的主要原因,焊接接头的组织对铝合金焊接接头微弧氧化色差的产生没有影响。结论 单激光焊接接头微弧氧化后的氧化色差较激光-MIG复合焊接头的小;铝合金(2A12)焊接接头产生氧化色差主要是因为焊接接头的成分和表面熔融物颗粒大小不同,而组织对色差无影响。     

Development of process for aluminising nickel alloy 718 strips for tube bundle support structures in liquid sodium–water steam generators

Abstract

The tubes in liquid sodium–water steam generators of the Indian prototype fast breeder reactor (PFBR) will be supported by corrugated nickel alloy 718 strips. Aluminisation of nickel alloy 718 strips has been chosen for this application because of the excellent performance of aluminide coatings in reducing impact fretting wear of the tubes due to flow induced vibrations and compatibility of the coating with liquid sodium at the operating temperature of the steam generators. Aluminisation of nickel alloy 718 strips for steam generator tube bundle support structures has been developed using a procedure involving thermal spraying of aluminium followed by diffusion heat treatment in vacuum atmosphere. One of the advantages of the technique is that it will coat only the desired surfaces of the strips, whereas in conventional pack cementation process, significant precautions have to be ensured. Furthermore, this process has enabled aluminisation to be carried out at a much lower cost than the conventional process of pack aluminising. The problems encountered during the initial trials and technology development, such as coating thickness and distortion, are discussed. A process flow chart for this procedure to take the job on an industrial scale is also reported. This process (under patenting) has been adopted for the aluminisation of corrugated strips for the support structures of one steam generator module and the steam generator for a test facility during the technology development phase, as also of all the steam generators being fabricated for the PFBR.     

液态模锻在铸铝合金中的应用研究

铸铝合金是一种应用比较广泛但是成形较为困难的金属材料，通过液态模锻技术，可以有效地提高材料的成形性能，降低制件、尤其是复杂形状制件的制造成本。铸铝合金制件通过液态模锻成形后，可以达到或接近普通锻件的各项力学性能指标。利用ZL l03合金进行液态模锻试验，所得到的制件的屈服强度为320MPa，硬度HB为110，延伸率为7．0％。     

铝合金车轮低压铸造充型工艺设计

目的运用科学计算的方法对铝合金车轮低压铸造充型工艺进行优化设计。方法通过对铸造铝合金车轮充型过程进行研究,分析在充型过程中各部位尤其是截面较小的浇冒口部位的铝液流动状态。结果运用数学计算的方法对充型工艺进行优化设计,既提高了铸造效率,又使铸造过程充型平稳,缩短了新产品的试制周期,使铸造工艺由通过试生产阶段的工艺摸索变为试生产阶段的工艺验证。结论经过科学计算可以使液态铝合金的充型按每个阶段预期效果进行,为优化铸造工艺、改进模具设计提供了有效的手段。     

2195铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接头盐雾腐蚀行为研究

本文研究了厚度为8 mm的2195铝锂合金母材及搅拌摩擦焊接头在3.5wt.％NaCl介质中的盐雾腐蚀行为,计算了不同腐蚀周期下的腐蚀速率,并通过OM、SEM、TEM观察分析母材与焊核区的腐蚀微观形貌.结果 表明:2195铝锂合金母材及搅拌摩擦焊接头在3.5％ NaCl腐蚀介质中的主要腐蚀形式为点蚀,随时间的延长发展为...     

钛合金与铝合金异种金属钎焊的研究进展

钛合金在经济性和加工性方面不理想,导致其在实际工程应用中受限,而铝合金在某种程度上可以弥补这种缺陷,因此将钛合金和铝合金复合使用的构想应运而生。对钛合金和铝合金异种金属的可焊性进行了分析,以钛合金和铝合金钎焊为研究对象,重点论述了钛合金与铝合金钎焊连接所用的钎料及工艺等的国内外研究现状,并着重分析了Al基和Zn基钎料的润湿性、界面、钎缝组织及其优缺点。由相关文献分析可知,Al基钎料在真空、保护气氛或非真空外加辅助措施条件下对钛合金和铝合金都有良好的润湿性,但接头强度仍有待提高,金属间化合物较厚的问题需要通过优化钎料成分和焊接工艺进一步改善;Zn基钎料对钛合金的润湿性较差,但在适当的焊接工艺下可以获得力学性能较好的Ti/Al接头,剪切强度可达141MPa;使用Sn基和Cu基钎料获得的Ti/Al接头的力学性能低于Al基和Zn基钎料,且Sn基的钎料对两种母材的润湿性都较差,需要对母材表面进行预处理。     

碳纳米管与铝合金基体材料的混合工艺研究

为改善碳纳米管在铝合金基体中的分散性和发挥其增强作用,分别采用湿混、球磨以及湿混后球磨的方式将碳纳米管与铝合金粉末进行混合,再经真空烧结制备出碳纳米管增强铝合金复合材料.不同混合工艺的对比试验结果表明:碳纳米管于液相环境下被均匀分散并吸附于铝合金颗粒表面,但在烧结过程中易再次发生团聚;而较长时间的机械球磨会对碳纳米管结构造成一定程度的破坏.相比下,液相分散与机械球磨结合的方式提高了碳纳米管的分散程度和缩短了球磨时间,碳纳米管增强铝合金材料(3%CNTs/5083Al)的抗拉强度达620 MPa.     

Microstructure and texture assessment of Al–Mn–Fe–Si (3003) aluminum alloy produced by continuous and semicontinuous casting processes

Aluminum sheets are currently produced by the direct-chill process (DC). The need for low-cost aluminum sheets is a challenge for the development of new materials produced by the twin roll caster (TRC) process. It is expected that sheets produced from these different casting procedures will differ in their microstructure. These differences in microstructure and in the crystallographic texture have great impact on sheet mechanical properties and formability. The present study investigated microstructure and evaluated texture of two strips of Al–Mn-Fe–Si (3003) aluminum alloy produced by TRC and by hot-rolling processes. It was possible to notice that the microstructure, morphology, and grain size of the TRC sample were more homogenous than those found in hot-rolled samples. Both strips, obtained by the two processes, showed strong texture gradient across the thickness.     

Experimental investigations on welding behaviour of sintered and forged Fe–0.3%C–3%Mo low alloy steel

Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding is considered as one of the cleanest welding methods. It is generally adopted for thinner materials with moderate weld joint strengths. Welding of sintered porous materials continues to be a challenge due to the inherent porosity of the parent metals. The present research work attempts to address some of the issues relating to the welding behaviour of sintered and forged Fe–0.3%C–3%Mo low alloy steels under TIG welding. Rectangular strips of size 70 mm × 15 mm × 5 mm, obtained by blending, compacting and sintering of elemental powders of iron, graphite and molybdenum, were upset forged – both hot and cold in order to obtain alloy steel strips of various porosities. Two identical alloy steel strips of equal density were then welded both along longitudinal and transverse directions, by TIG welding, employing filler metal of suitable composition. The welded strips were then subjected to tensile test, hardness test, microstructural and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) fractography studies. Cold/hot upsetting of the sintered alloy preforms has led to enhanced density. As a result of improved density, their tensile strength and hardness values were also found to be enhanced. The welded alloy exhibited higher tensile strength compared to the un-welded base metal, due to strengthening by residual stress. Similarly, the strength and hardness of the welded alloy strips were found to be enhanced with increase in density. The tensile strength of welded joint is found to be higher compared to that of the base metal due to alloy metals segregation, rapid cooling and formation of acicular ferrite at the weldment of welded joint. No porosity was observed in the weld metal or Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) of the weld joint. However, the base metal had numerous micro pores, though pore migration towards weldment has not been observed.     

多孔铝合金的铸造工艺研究

采用加压铸造工艺，制备出了多孔铝合金。系统地研究了预制块的制备工艺过程及影响因素。利用所制备的预制块，研究了多孔铝合金的加压铸造工艺。研究表明，预制块孔隙大小及其初始温度、金属液浇注温度、外加压力等影响了金属液在预制块中的充型长度。采用合理的工艺，就可以获得大尺寸的多孔制品。     

钛/铝异种合金脉冲激光焊接接头裂纹产生机理

目的 对0.8 mm厚的Ti6Al4V钛合金和2 mm厚的AA6060铝合金薄板进行脉冲激光焊接,分析异种轻合金激光焊接裂纹产生的机理及界面结合机理。方法 采用扫描电镜、EDS能谱以及显微硬度计等微观表征分析方法,对焊接接头的形貌特征、成分以及显微硬度进行分析,探索焊接接头处裂纹产生的原因。结果 钛/铝脉冲激光焊接性较差,接头存在严重的裂纹缺陷,裂纹多集中在焊缝与铝母材交界处以及焊缝中心区域位置,主要以热裂纹为主;接头焊缝可能存在大量的Ti-Al金属间化合物以及少量未熔的钛,其界面层主要成分推测为层状TiAl和外层锯齿状的TiAl3;接头整个焊缝区域的平均显微硬度为HV0.1420,其硬度水平远远高于焊缝两侧铝合金母材,也高出钛合金母材很多。结论 钛铝金属间化合物使钛铝焊接接头焊缝区脆性增大,另外接头焊缝区存在较大的组织应力、热应力、拉压应力、拘束应力等复杂应力,致使焊缝内存在较严重的裂纹缺陷。     

中间层Ni对TC4/2A14异种金属搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和性能的影响

目的 添加0.05 mm厚的Ni箔作为中间层,对3 mm厚的TC4钛合金和2A14铝合金进行搅拌摩擦焊,分析Ni对接头力学性能的影响。方法 采用扫描电镜、EDS能谱及XRD衍射等微观表征分析方法,对焊接接头的断口形貌、成分进行分析,探究Ni箔对焊接接头力学性能的影响。结果 由于钛合金和铝合金存在较大的物理化学性能差异,Ti/Al异种金属焊接性较差,界面容易产生TiAl3、TiAl、Ti3Al等金属间化合物,其中脆性相TiAl3对接头性能的影响最大,会导致综合力学性能下降。当加入中间层材料Ni后,由于Ni与Al晶体结构均属于面心立方,因此Ni与Al的扩散系数大于Ti与Al的扩散系数,Ni和Al之间优先形成金属间化合物且弥散分布于焊缝中,从而缩短了Ti与Al之间的相互扩散时间,减少了TiAl3相的生成。结论 在未添加中间层材料时,接头平均抗拉强度为237.3 MPa,约为2A14铝合金母材抗拉强度的56.7%;当添加中间层Ni后,对焊缝中金属间化合物的种类和数量进行了调控,减少了对性能影响最大的TiAl3相的生成,接头平均抗拉强度达到285.3 MPa,为2A14铝合金母材抗拉强度的68%。     

A356Al/TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料的搅拌摩擦焊

采用纯机械化的固相连接技术--搅拌摩擦焊成功地焊接了应用原位反应合成法制造的铸态A356Al/6.5%TiB2(体积分数)颗粒增强铝基复合材料,与铝合金相比,铝基复合材料搅拌摩擦焊的焊缝质量对焊接参数更为敏感.该连接方法在较低温度下实现铝基复合材料的焊接,避免了基体铝合金与增强相之间的化学反应,同时在搅拌头机械搅拌、挤压和摩擦热的共同作用下,焊缝区基体材料的晶粒和增强相被破碎并形成再结晶晶核,细化了组织结构,增强相分布也更加弥散.焊缝区的硬度值波动范围很小,抗拉强度比母材增加约20%.研究表明,搅拌摩擦焊用于连接颗粒增强铝基复合材料具有明显的优势.     

铜铝合金的内氧化

研究了铜铝合金内氧化的热力学和动力学,实验研究了不同成分ｗ（Ａｌ）为０．２％－１．２％铜铝合金在８００－１０００℃的内氧化过程。在实验的基础上,提出了氧化层厚度的动力学模型。