Adaptive dynamic surface control using disturbance observer for nonlinear systems with input saturation and output constraints

An adaptive dynamic surface control (DSC) approach using fuzzy approximation and nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) for uncertain nonlinear systems in the presence of input saturation, output constraint and unknown external disturbances is proposed in this paper. The issue of input saturation is addressed by introducing a lower bound assumption on the approximation function of saturation. The output constraint is handled by introducing an appropriate barried Lyapunov function. The nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is employed to estimate the unknown unmatched disturbances. It is manifested that the ultimately bounded convergence of all the variables in the closed-loop system is guaranteed and the tracking error can be made farely small by tuning the design parameters. Finally, two simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.     

Approximation-based disturbance observer approach for adaptive tracking of uncertain pure-feedback nonlinear systems with unmatched disturbances

This paper presents an approximation-based nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) methodology for adaptive tracking of uncertain pure-feedback nonlinear systems with unmatched external disturbances. Compared with existing control results using NDO for nonlinear systems in lower-triangular form, the major contribution of this study is to develop an NDO-based control framework in the presence of non-affine nonlinearities and disturbances unmatched in the control input. An approximation-based NDO scheme is designed to attenuate the effect of compounded disturbance terms consisting of external disturbances, approximation errors and control coefficient nonlinearities. The function approximation technique using neural networks is employed to estimate the unknown nonlinearities derived from the recursive design procedure. Based on the designed NDO scheme, an adaptive dynamic surface control system is constructed to ensure that all signals of the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded and the tracking error converges to a neighbourhood of the origin. Simulation examples including a mechanical system are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical result.     

A robust constrained control approach for flexible air‐breathing hypersonic vehicles

This article investigates the robust adaptive control system design for the longitudinal dynamics of a flexible air‐breathing hypersonic vehicle (FAHV) subject to parametric uncertainties and control input constraints. A combination of back‐stepping and nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is utilized for exploiting an adaptive output‐feedback controller to provide robust tracking of velocity and altitude reference trajectories in the presence of flexible effects and system uncertainties. The dynamic surface control is introduced to solve the problem of “explosion of terms.” A new NDO is developed to guarantee the proposed controller's disturbance attenuation ability and to performance robustness against uncertain aerodynamic coefficients. To deal with the problem of actuator saturation, a novel auxiliary system is exploited to compensate the desired control laws. The stability of the presented NDO and controller is analyzed. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented control strategy.     

Robust Tracking Control of Uncertain MIMO Nonlinear Systems with Application to UAVs

In this paper, we consider the robust adaptive tracking control of uncertain multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with input saturation and unknown external disturbance. The nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is employed to tackle the system uncertainty as well as the external disturbance. To handle the input saturation, an auxiliary system is constructed as a saturation compensator. By using the backstepping technique and the dynamic surface method, a robust adaptive tracking control scheme is developed. The closed-loop system is proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded thorough Lyapunov stability analysis. Simulation results with application to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust control scheme.      

非线性不确定系统的非奇异快速终端滑模控制

针对存在非匹配干扰的非线性系统,设计了一种基于干扰观测器和反步法的非奇异快速终端滑模控制.引入非线性干扰观测器估计系统的不确定性,利用反步的思想处理高阶非线性系统,从而可以将非线性干扰观测器估计的干扰值引入反步法的虚拟控制量中,同时设计一种新颖的非奇异快速终端滑模控制律保证系统的收敛速度和精度.利用Lyapunov函数从理论上证明了所设计的控制器可以保证闭环系统的有限时间收敛.最后通过数值仿真验证了所设计的控制方法的有效性.     

基于干扰观测器的非线性不确定系统自适应滑模控制

本文研究了一类基于非线性干扰观测器的多输入多输出非线性不确定系统的边界层自适应滑模控制方法并应用于近空间飞行器高精度姿态控制.考虑系统存在不确定性和外部干扰上界未知的情况,设计了基于干扰观测器的边界层自适应滑模控制器,以消除传统滑模控制中的"抖振"现象,使跟踪误差趋近于零.同时,利用李雅普洛夫方法严格证明了闭环系统的稳定性.最后将所研究的自适应滑模控制方法,应用于某近空间飞行器的姿态控制中,仿真结果表明在不确定性和外部干扰作用下能保证姿态控制的稳定性,对参数不确定具有较好的鲁棒性.     

Approximation-based adaptive control for a class of mobile robots with unknown skidding and slipping

An adaptive tracking control approach using function approximation technique is proposed for trajectory tracking of Type (2,0) wheeled mobile robots with unknown skidding and slipping in polar coordinates and at the dynamic level. The nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is used to estimate a nonlinear disturbance term including unknown skidding and slipping. The adaptive control system is designed via the function approximation technique using neural networks employed to compensate the NDO error. It is proved that all signals of the controlled closed-loop system are uniformly bounded and the point tracking errors converge to an adjustable neighborhood of the origin regardless of large initial tracking errors and unknown skidding and slipping. Simulation results are presented to validate the good tracking performance and robustness of the proposed control system against unknown skidding and slipping.     

基于ELM的永磁直线同步电机位移跟踪动态面反步滑模控制

针对永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)易受到参数摄动、负载扰动等不确定因素的影响,进而影响其位移跟踪控制精度的问题,提出一种基于非线性干扰观测器(NDO)和极限学习机(ELM)的动态面反步滑模控制方法.首先,通过构造NDO对系统模型中的非匹配不确定项进行动态观测,并将反步控制、动态面控制与滑模控制相结合,完成PMLSM位移跟踪控制器的设计,在提高系统抗干扰能力的同时,避免常规反步控制中的“微分爆炸”问题;其次,采用ELM神经网络对系统模型中的匹配不确定项进行逼近估计,并将输出的估计值引入设计的动态面反步滑模控制器中进行补偿;再次,采用人工鱼群-蛙跳混合算法对所设计控制器的主要参数进行优化设计,提高系统的收敛速度和稳定精度;最后,将所提出控制方法与其他控制方法进行仿真对比,仿真结果表明了所提出方法的有效性.     

基于非线性干扰观测器的不确定非线性系统鲁棒轨迹线性化控制

针对一类不确定非线性系统，基于轨迹线性化控制方法(TLC)及非线性干扰观测器技术(NDO)研究了一种新的非线性鲁棒控制策略．TLC是一种有效的非线性跟踪和解耦控制方法，但当系统中存在内部未建模动态和外界干扰时，当前TLC控制器性能将显著下降．本文利用NDO对系统中的不确定项进行估计，其输出与TLC控制律结合来对消不确定性的影响．最后通过一个数值仿真实例验证了本文提出的方法的有效性,仿真结果表明该鲁棒轨迹线性化控制方法具有很好的干扰衰减能力和鲁棒性能．     

Decentralised disturbance-observer-based adaptive tracking in the presence of unmatched nonlinear time-delayed interactions and disturbances

This paper proposes an approximation-based nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) approach for decentralised adaptive tracking of uncertain interconnected pure-feedback nonlinear systems with unmatched time-delayed nonlinear interactions and external disturbances. Compared with the existing approximation-based NDO approach for uncertain interconnected nonlinear systems where the centralised design framework was proposed, the main contribution of this paper is to develop a decentralised and memoryless NDO-based adaptive control scheme in the presence of unknown time-varying delayed interactions and disturbances unmatched in the control inputs. The recursive design methodology is derived to construct the decentralised NDO and controller where the function approximators used in the decentralised NDO are employed to design the decentralised adaptive controller. From the Lyapunov stability theorem using Lyapunov--Krasovskii functionals, it is shown that all signals of the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded and the tracking errors converge to an adjustable neighbourhood of the origin.     

高动态离心机系统的自抗扰控制设计

针对传统PID在控制高速精密离心机系统时难以满足其高动态过程的要求,对系统目标过渡过程进行安排并设计了自抗扰控制器.所提出的自抗扰控制器包括3个部分:跟踪微分器、扩张状态观测器和误差反馈控制器.由于离心机在启动和制动阶段,系统状态会经历一个快速变化的过程,所以在离心机系统动态变化阶段采用跟踪微分器对目标函数进行过渡过程安排,防止系统出现过大超调;并且设计了扩张状态观测器对系统未知干扰进行估计和补偿;补偿后采用误差反馈控制器实现离心机系统高动态过程的跟踪控制.最后通过对自抗扰控制进行参数整定,使得系统满足所提出的各项性能指标要求.仿真结果验证了相比于传统PID控制,所提出的自抗扰控制器在超调量,调节时间以及稳态控制精度等性能指标上具有优越性.     

基于自适应模糊控制器和非线性扰动观测器的永磁直线同步电机反馈线性化控制

由于永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)伺服系统应用于一些高精密场合,因此克服系统存在的负载扰动、参数变化等不确定性影响是提高系统性能的关键.针对不确定性问题,采用一种基于自适应模糊控制器(AFC)和非线性扰动观测器(NDO)的反馈线性化控制方法.首先设计反馈线性化控制器(FLC)实现系统的线性化,便于位置跟踪;其次采用ND...     

一类含输入时滞非线性系统的干扰观测器控制

基于干扰观测器控制（Disturbance-observer-based control,DOBC）作为一种有效的干扰补偿策略取得了广泛的应用. 然而,当干扰和控制输入不能在同一时刻进入控制通道时,外部信号很难得到实时估计和补偿.提出一种复合DOBC结构,包括干扰观测、干扰预测和反馈调节三个部分.该方法的特点是即使一类非线性系统存在输入时滞,同样可以继承传统DOBC的优点. 最后,通过构造辅助观测器给出了预测误差以及复合闭环系统的稳定性分析方法.     

一类不确定广义系统的非脆弱保性能控制

研究了一类时变时滞不确定广义系统的非脆弱保性能控制问题。在系统矩阵、滞后状态矩阵、输入矩阵和滞后输入矩阵都具有不确定性时,带有反馈增益扰动的控制器能够保证闭环系统是正则、无脉冲、指数稳定的;且性能函数存在上界。对于出现的两个不确定项乘积的问题,采用两个线性矩阵不等式,两次运用Schur补引理的方法得以解决。控制器的增益可通过求解一系列严格线性矩阵不等式得到。数值仿真实例证明了所提方法的有效性。     

Barrier function based finite-time tracking control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with input saturation

In this article, a novel robust finite-time tracking control scheme is proposed for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems subject to the model uncertainty, external disturbance, and input saturation. A barrier function based disturbance observer (BFDO) with finite-time convergence performance is developed to estimate the non-smooth nonlinear compound disturbance, which includes the uncertainty, disturbance of system and input saturation. In addition, an adaptive continuous nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller, based on the barrier function and the estimate of the BFDO is developed. The Lyapunov stability and finite-time convergence of the proposed control scheme are proved. The effectiveness and performance advantage of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated by numerical simulations and comparison with existing works.     

Prescribed Performance Control of One-DOF Link Manipulator With Uncertainties and Input Saturation Constraint

In this paper, we mainly address the position control problem for one-degree of freedom (DOF) link manipulator despite uncertainties and the input saturation via the backstepping technique, active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) as well as predefined tracking performance functions. The extended state observer (ESO) is employed to compensate uncertain dynamics and disturbances, and it does not rely on the accurate model of systems. The tracking differentiator (TD) is utilized to substitute the derivative of the virtual control signals, and the explosion of complexity caused by repeated differentiations of nonlinear functions is removed. The auxiliary system is used to deal with the control input limitation, and the tracking accuracy and speed are improved by predefined tracking performance functions. With the help of the input-to-state stability (ISS) and Lyapunov stability theories, it is proven that the tracking error can be gradually converged into arbitrarily small neighborhood of the origin, and the tracking error is adjusted by suitable choice of control parameters. The simulation results are presented for the verification of the theoretical claims.      

基于幂次函数的预测滑模控制算法

针对一类不满足匹配条件的不确定离散系统,利用全程滑模面设计了切换函数的预测模型,利用幂次函数趋近律设计了参考轨迹,结合反馈校正和滚动优化技术得到了一种离散滑模控制算法。理论分析和数值仿真均表明,该算法不需要知道系统的不确定性上界,对于不满足匹配条件的不确定性系统具有强鲁棒性,可以使切换函数无抖振的收敛于与外干扰相关的某一稳态值,而且被控系统表现出了良好的动态品质。     

Output feedback stabilisation for a cascaded wave PDE-ODE system subject to boundary control matched disturbance

In this paper, we consider output feedback stabilisation for a wave PDE-ODE system with Dirichlet boundary interconnection and external disturbance flowing the control end. We first design a variable structure unknown input type state observer which is shown to be exponentially convergent. Then, we estimate the disturbance in terms of the estimated state, an idea from active disturbance rejection control. These enable us to design an observer-based output feedback stabilising control to this uncertain PDE-ODE system.     

A robust adaptive sliding-mode control for rigid robotic manipulators with arbitrary bounded input disturbances

In this paper, a robust adaptive sliding-mode control scheme for rigid robotic manipulators with arbitrary bounded input disturbances is proposed. It is shown that the prior knowledge on the upper bound of the norm of the input disturbance vector is not required in the sliding-mode controller design. An adaptive mechanism is introduced to estimate the upper bound of the norm of the input disturbance vector. The estimate is then used as a controller gain parameter to guarantee that the output tracking error asymptotically converges to zero and strong robustness with respect to bounded input disturbances can be obtained. A simulation example is given in support of the proposed control scheme.     

具有未知负载扰动的水井钻机电液伺服系统无模型自适应控制

针对电液伺服系统在水井钻机推进工况下存在的参数不确定以及未知负载扰动突变等非线性因素,提出了基于径向基(RBF)神经网络扰动观测器的无模型自适应控制方法.首先,通过改进的无模型自适应控制动态线性化方法,将被控系统线性化为与输入输出相关的增量形式,并将未知负载扰动合并到一个非线性项中;然后,设计了径向基神经网络扰动观测器对含有未知负载扰动的非线性项进行估计,作为对未知扰动的补偿;最后,设计了时变参数估计律,通过在线调整伪偏导数,给出了电液伺服系统的控制更新律.仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器能够对未知负载扰动突变进行补偿,并能确保跟踪误差有界收敛.