Calcium Carbonate–Organic Hybrid Materials

This article focuses on the synthetic approach to the preparation of calcium carbonate–organic hybrid materials, which are obtained by self‐organization processes under mild conditions. In these processes, organic molecules such as functionalized polymers and aligned amphiphilic molecules on the surface play key roles in the crystallization of calcium carbonate, which results in the formation of hybrid materials. As well as being environmentally benign, the hybrid materials have controlled morphology and unique properties. Materials scientists have obtained the ideas for the design of such hybrid materials from biominerals such as shells, teeth, and bones.     

Transition‐Metal–Polythiophene Hybrid Materials

Electropolymerization of monomers containing both transition metals and thiophene, and the properties of the resulting materials are reviewed. Polymers with metal centers linked to the backbone via a saturated linker (Type I), closely coupled to the conjugated backbone (Type II), and directly in the backbone (Type III) are described.     

Intrinsic Instability of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Halide Perovskite Materials

Hybrid lead halide perovskite materials are used in solar cells and show efficiencies greater than 23%. Furthermore, they are applied in light‐emitting diodes, X‐ray detectors, thin‐film transistors, thermoelectrics, and memory devices. Lead trihalide hybrid materials contain methylammonium (MA) or formamidinium (FA) (or a mixture), or long alkylammonium halides, as alternative organic cations. However, the intrinsic stability of hybrid lead halide perovskites is not very high, and they are chemically unstable when exposed to moisture, light, or heat because of their organic contents and low formation energies. Therefore, although improvements in the chemical stability are crucial, changing the material composition is challenging because it is directly related to the desired application requirements. Fortunately, hybrid lead halide perovskites have a very high tolerance toward changes in physical properties arising from doping or addition of different cations and anions, in many cases showing improved properties. Here, the intrinsic instability of hybrid lead halide perovskites is reviewed in relation to the crystal phase and chemical stability. It is suggested that FA should be used for lead halide perovskites for chemical stability instead of MA. Furthermore, additives that stabilize the crystal phase with α‐FAPbI₃ should eschew MA.     

有机-无机杂化材料的制备方法

作为一个新兴的多学科交叉领域,有机-无机杂化材料由于其特殊的结构、优异的性能,将会在材料科学领域中发挥极为重要的作用.从有机-无机杂化材料的制备原理和方法等,介绍了近年来有机-无机杂化材料的研究与发展.     

高技术纤维与杂化材料

高技术纤维包含高性能、功能性和具有特殊结构与性能的新型纤维材料.有机/无机杂化材料,是晶态无机物与有机分子在分子尺度上的复合,结合了它们各自的优异特性,赋予其更优越更特殊的性能.高技术纤维与杂化功能材料,是推进各类高技术纤维制品开发,并关系到国计民生、国防建设和战略性新产业发展的关键材料.     

One‐Dimensional Dielectric/Metallic Hybrid Materials for Photonic Applications

Explorations of 1D nanostructures have led to great progress in the area of nanophotonics in the past decades. Based on either dielectric or metallic materials, a variety of 1D photonic devices have been developed, such as nanolasers, waveguides, optical switches, and routers. What's interesting is that these dielectric systems enjoy low propagation losses and usually possess active optical performance, but they have a diffraction‐limited field confinement. Alternatively, metallic systems can guide light on deep subwavelength scales, but they suffer from high metallic absorption and can work as passive devices only. Thus, the idea to construct a hybrid system that combines the merits of both dielectric and metallic materials was proposed. To date, unprecedented optical properties have been achieved in various 1D hybrid systems, which manifest great potential for functional nanophotonic devices. Here, the focus is on recent advances in 1D dielectric/metallic hybrid systems, with a special emphasis on novel structure design, rational fabrication techniques, unique performance, as well as their wide application in photonic components. Gaining a better understanding of hybrid systems would benefit the design of nanophotonic components aimed at optical information processing.     

Hybrid Mesoporous Materials with Functionalized Monolayers

Mesoporous materials have great potential for environmental and industrial processes, but many applications require the materials to exhibit specific surface chemistry and binding sites. A new approach has been developed so that organized functional monolayers are covalently bound to mesoporous supports. The functionalized hybrid materials show exceptional selectivity and capacity for removing heavy metals from waste streams. Tailored hybrid materials have also shown potential to selectively bind anions and radionuclides. Rational design of the surface properties of mesoporous materials will lead to more sophisticated functional composites.     

Nanostructured Organic–Inorganic Composite Materials by Twin Polymerization of Hybrid Monomers

Forming two structurally different but associated polymer structures in a single step is a possible route for the production of nanostructured materials. By means of twin polymerization of specially constructed monomers consisting of two different covalently bonded building blocks (hybrid monomers), this route is realized. What is important is that two different macromolecular structures are formed from one monomer in a single process. The two polymers formed can be linear, branched, or cross‐linked structures. The molecular composition of the hybrid monomer defines the degree of cross‐linking of the corresponding macromolecular structures that is theoretically possible.     

Self‐Assembled Hybrid Materials Based on Organic Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanotubes

Organic crystalline materials are used as dyes/pigments, pharmaceuticals, and active components of photonic and electronic devices. There is great interest in integrating organic crystals with inorganic and carbon nanomaterials to create nanocomposites with enhanced properties. Such efforts are hampered by the difficulties in interfacing organic crystals with dissimilar materials. Here, an approach that employs organic nanocrystallization is presented to fabricate solution‐processed organic nanocrystal/carbon nanotube (ONC/CNT) hybrid materials based on readily available organic dyes (perylene diimides (PDIs)) and carbon nanotubes. The hybrids are prepared by self‐assembly in aqueous media to afford free‐standing films with tunable CNT content. These exhibit excellent conductivities (as high as 5.78 ± 0.56 S m^?1), and high thermal stability that are superior to common polymer/CNT hybrids. The color of the hybrids can be tuned by adding various PDI derivatives. ONC/CNT hybrids represent a novel class of nanocomposites, applicable as optoelectronic and conductive colorant materials.     

苯并噁嗪树脂杂化材料的研究进展

苯并噁嗪树脂具有良好热稳定性、阻燃性、分子可设计性、低吸水率、固化时无小分子释放等优良特性。然而,苯并噁嗪树脂仍存在耐热性及韧性不足的问题,需要对其改性。本文综述了近年来苯并噁嗪树脂杂化材料方面的研究进展,并展望了其应用前景。