基于风洞试验的对称截面高层建筑三维等效静力风荷载研究

基于刚性模型表面测压风洞试验建立高层建筑三维风荷载模型,进而运用振型加速度法求解风振响应动力方程,得到了包含拟静力项和惯性力项的弹性力响应解,并推导了对称截面高层建筑顺风向、横风向和扭转向风致随机内力响应。在此基础上提出了基于内力响应等效的可考虑高阶振型贡献的对称截面高层建筑顺风向、横风向和扭转向等效静力风荷载计算方法。结合某一对称截面高层建筑工程实例,对采用上述方法计算得到的结构三维等效静力风荷载进行分析并与我国规范方法顺风向等效静力风荷载计算结果进行比较。结果表明,高层建筑结构抗风设计应该考虑三维等效静力风荷载,且二阶振型对高层建筑等效静力风荷载的贡献不可忽视。     

大跨度拱形结构等效静风荷载研究（英文）

根据计算流体动力学方法(CFD)以及有限元动力时程分析法数值模拟脉动风特性,获取脉动风速时程,并以此作为数值风洞模拟的入口边界条件.运用FLUENT对大跨度拱形结构进行脉动风作用下的结构非稳态分析,得到作用于结构的时程风压荷载.运用ANSYS进行结构的风振响应计算,分析得到基于结构风振响应时程的等效静风荷载.在此基础上提出多目标等效静风荷载加权组合系数的定义,计算获得大跨度拱形结构的多目标等效静风荷载,并验证其计算精度.研究表明,在文中方法所得等效静风荷载作用下,结构静力响应计算结果与风振动力时程响应极值吻合.     

广州某国际金融中心超限高层结构设计

广州某国际金融中心为高度170m的超限高层建筑,采用钢管混凝土柱框架-混凝土筒体结构体系。采用SATWE,ETABS进行多遇地震作用和风荷载作用下结构的计算分析,采用SATWE进行弹性时程分析,采用PUSH&EPDA进行大震下的静力弹塑性推覆分析(Pushover)和动力弹塑性时程分析;同时用ETABS分析了楼板在小震、中震及大震作用下的应力。计算结果表明该结构满足规范的各项要求,并采取了一些构造加强措施,可供同类工程参考。     

高层混凝土框架-核心筒结构在Pushover方法和动力弹塑性时程方法下的对比分析

为了对框架一核心筒结构进行进一步研究,使其能够更好的在工程实际中运用。本文用Pushover方法和弹塑性动力时程方法,分析了混凝土框架一核心筒结构在罕遇地震下的结构响应,通过Pushover方法得到了不同侧向加载模式下结构的塑性铰发展、顶点位移曲线、基底剪力曲线、楼层位移包络曲线。由两种分析结果,发现高层混凝土框架一核心筒结构在罕遇地震作用下,结构中上部梁和底层柱易破坏。对比两种分析方法,得出Pushover分析方法与时程分析结果类似,其中倒三角荷载分布模式结构响应与时程分析结果最相近。     

某雷达塔架在风荷载作用下的动力时程分析

以武汉市某雷达塔架为例,采用有限元方法对其进行时程风荷载作用下的动力时程分析,得到塔架的时程位移、时程速度和时程加速度响应,并将塔架结构在静力风荷载下的位移响应和最大应力与在脉动风荷载作用下的时程位移峰值和应力峰值作了对比和误差分析,为该类型的结构风振分析提供参考。     

广州某高层住宅超限高层结构设计

广州某住宅为高度159 m的超限高层建筑,采用钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构体系。本文采用SATWE、MIDAS进行多遇地震作用风荷载作用下结构的计算分析,并进行了弹性时程分析以及大震下的静力弹塑性推覆分析。     

高层建筑结构静力弹塑性分析方法的研究改进

主要就目前高层建筑结构弹塑性分析方法的研究现状进行了探讨,介绍了高层建筑结构静力弹塑性分析方法的计算软件,提出了静力弹塑性分析方法的改进意见,以推广Pushover分析方法的应用,从而促进高层建筑结构的发展。     

140m跨度预应力空间悬索桁架桥结构分析

某过河管道桥跨度140m,采用预应力空间悬索桁架的结构形式。结合工程设计实践,采用非线性有限元软件ANSYS对结构静力性能进行分析,确定结构布置方案;应用BlockLanczos法对索桁架桥进行自振特性分析,得到结构各阶频率和振型;应用非线性随机模拟风振分析法对结构方案进行整体分析得到全桥在脉动风荷载作用下的位移响应时程。计算结果表明,结构整体工作性能良好,承重索与抗风索的截面积对桥体动力稳定性均有较大影响。     

大连港汇中心超限高层结构设计

大连港汇中心为超限高层建筑,采用了框架-核心筒混合结构体系。采用SATWE、ETABS进行多遇地震和风荷载作用下结构的计算分析,采用SATWE进行弹性时程分析,采用PUSHEPDA进行大震下的静力弹塑性推覆分析;计算结果表明,结构的工作状态和性能均能达到设计的预期目标和规范要求。     

基于位移的钢筋混凝土框架结构静力弹塑性抗震分析

静力弹塑性分析方法(Pushover Analysis)是目前在国内外普遍使用的结构抗震能力的评估方法,在我国正逐步得到推广和应用。文章对一栋12层钢筋混凝土框架结构的地震反应分别进行了非线性时程分析和基于位移的Pushover分析,并对三种水平荷载模式和非线性时程分析进行了比较。     

对称双塔楼建筑的风荷载分布特征

本文针对双塔楼建筑风场的相互干扰作用,通过风洞试验研究塔楼的风压分布,将风压沿截面进行积分求出沿结构柱网方向的合力,然后反算出沿柱网方向的整体体型系数,实现了把风洞试验结果换算为工程设计软件直接可用的数据。本文还讨论了风对高层建筑的扭矩作用,采用扭矩放大系数来考虑风致扭矩。针对某对称双塔结构的风压分布特征获得用于指导一般性对称双塔结构设计的风压和体型系数分布规律。     

Field measurements of wind and structural responses of a 70‐storey tall building under typhoon conditions

This paper describes the results obtained from the full‐scale measurements of wind effects on a 70‐storey tall building in Hong Kong. The objective of the experiment is to measure wind action on and wind‐induced response of the tall building. Simultaneous and continuous data of wind speeds, wind directions and acceleration responses have been recorded at the top of the tall building since 1995. The field data presented in this paper were measured during the passage of four typhoons—Typhoon Kent (1995), Typhoon Ryan (1995), Typhoon Sibyl (1995) and Typhoon Sally (1996). The characteristics of the typhoon wind and the structural responses of the building are investigated. The serviceability of this tall building under typhoon conditions is discussed on the basis of the field measurements. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Proposed robust tuned mass damper for response mitigation in buildings exposed to multidirectional wind

The most common device for control of tall buildings under wind loads is the tuned mass damper (TMD). However, during their lifetimes, high‐rise and slender buildings may experience natural frequency changes under wind speed, ambient temperatures and relative humidity variations, among other factors, which make the TMD design challenging. In this paper, a proposed approach for the design of robust TMDs is presented and investigated. The approach accounts for structural uncertainties, optimization objectives and input excitation (wind or earthquake). For the use of TMDs in buildings, practical design parameters can be different from the optimum ones. Nevertheless, predetermined optimal parameters for a primary structure with uncertainties are useful to attain design robustness. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach, an example of a very slender building with uncertain natural frequencies is presented. The building represents a case study of an engineered design that is instructive. Basically, due to its geometry, the building behaves differently in one lateral direction (cantilever building) than the other (shear building). The proposed approach shows its robustness and effectiveness in reducing the response of tall buildings under multidirectional wind loads. In addition, linear‐quadratic Gaussian and fuzzy logic controllers enhanced the performance of the TMD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of amplitude-dependent damping on wind-induced vibrations of a super tall building

Full-scale measurements of wind effects on a 70 storey tall building have been conducted. The tall building that has a height of 367 m is the second tallest structure in Hong Kong. The amplitude-dependent characteristics of damping have been obtained by using the random decrement technique from the field measurements of acceleration responses. The objective of this study is to present detailed investigations into the effects of amplitude-dependent damping on the wind-induced responses of the super tall building based on the measured non-linear damping and wind action characteristics. An efficient and less time consuming digital simulation technique is developed to generate time series of turbulent wind loads acting on the tall building based on the measured wind speed records. The predicted dynamic responses of the building using the actual amplitude-dependent damping characteristics are compared with those computed by using constant damping parameters assumed by the structural designers or estimated from the field measurements in order to evaluate the adequacy of current design practices and to apply that knowledge to structural design of tall buildings. It is observed from this study that the effect of amplitude-dependent damping on the dynamic responses of such a super tall building is significant and knowledge of actual damping characteristics is very important in the accurate prediction of wind-induced vibrations of a tall building.     

Interference excitation of twin tall buildings

The enhanced dynamic response of a tall square building under interference excitation from neighbouring tall buildings has been studied in a series of wind-tunnel model tests. In a low-turbulence wind environment and under normal strong wind conditions, the dynamic loads on the upstream of an identical pair of tall buildings may increase by a factor of up to 4.4. The dynamic loads on the downstream building of the pair may increase by a factor of up to 3.2 due to “resonant buffeting”. Measurements of along-wind and cross-wind force spectra and a number of wake spectra provide an explanation for the observed behaviour. Possible excitation mechanisms are discussed and critical building arrangements presented. The large interference loads found in this study indicate that interference excitation should be carefully considered in the design of tall buildings.     

基于风压功率谱函数法输入的高层建筑结构动力特性

基于脉动风的基本理论和Davenport风荷载功率谱,介绍计算高层建筑结构顺风向动力响应的计算方法,提出在频域内对高层建筑结构迎风面通过施加风压功率谱的方法进行高层建筑结构的随机振动分析。借助ANSYS对结构进行定制功率谱函数并加载,得到高层建筑结构自振频率及风压谱施加后的模态、应力变化情况,并将函数加载结果与静力求解结果进行分析比较。     

设置粘弹性阻尼器钢结构高层建筑抗震抗风设计的实用方法

本文提出了设置粘弹性阻尼器的钢结构高层建筑抗震抗风设计的实用方法。文中在导出了设置粘弹性阻尼器高层钢结构的有效阻尼比计算公式的基础上，建立了设置粘弹性阻尼器结构抗震设计反应谱的调整公式和抗风设计风振系数、脉动增大系数的调整公式。从而使设置粘弹性阻尼器钢结构高层建筑的抗震抗风设计可在我国《高层民阻建筑钢结构设计与施工》规程的基础上进行。应用本文方法对设置粘弹性阻尼器的５０层全钢缔构超高层建筑──首都规划大厦主楼的抗震抗风设计的结果表明：粘弹性阻尼器是一种十分有效的减振耗能构件，它有效地减小了结构构件的地震设计内力和结构横风向的风振加速度。对于设置粘弹性阻尼器的高层钢结构，本文提出的抗震抗风设计方法是一种对结构工程师应用十分方便的实用设计方法。     

Identification of Wind Loads and Estimation of Structural Responses of Super‐Tall Buildings by an Inverse Method

This article presents a Kalman‐filter‐based estimation algorithm for identification of wind loads on a super‐tall building using limited structural responses. In practice, acceleration responses are most convenient to be measured among wind‐induced dynamic responses of structures. The proposed inverse method allows estimating the unknown wind loads and structural responses of a super‐tall building using limited acceleration measurements. Taipei 101 Tower is a super‐tall building with 101 stories and a height of 508 m. Field measurements and numerical simulations of the wind effects on Taipei 101 Tower are conducted. The wind loads acting on the super‐tall building are estimated based on the wind‐induced responses determined from the numerical simulations and the refined finite‐element model of the structure, which are in good agreement with the exact results. The stability performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated. The influence of noise levels in the measurements and covariance matrix of noise on the identification accuracy are investigated and discussed based on the L‐curve method. Finally, the wind loads and structural responses are reconstructed based on the field‐measured accelerations during Typhoon Matsa. The accuracy of the identified results is verified by comparing the reconstructed acceleration responses with the field measurements. The results of this study show that the proposed inverse approach can provide accurate predictions of the wind loads and wind‐induced responses of super‐tall buildings based on limited measured responses.     

Integrated wind‐induced response analysis and design optimization of tall steel buildings using Micro‐GA

This paper presents an integrated procedure for wind‐induced response analysis and design optimization for rectangular steel tall buildings based on the random vibration theory and automatic least cost design optimization technique using Micro‐Genetic Algorithm (GA). The developed approach can predict wind‐induced drift and acceleration responses for serviceability design of a tall building; the technique can also provide an optimal resizing design of the building under wind loads to achieve cost‐efficient design. The empirical formulas of wind force spectra obtained from simultaneous measurements of surface pressures on various rectangular tall building models in wind tunnel tests are verified testified using a published example. Upon the known wind force spectra, the equivalent static wind loads for every storey, such as along‐wind, across‐wind and torsional loads, are then determined and applied for structural analysis including estimation of wind‐induced responses. An improved form of GAs, a Micro‐GA, is adopted to minimize the structural cost/weight of steel buildings subject to top acceleration and lateral drifts constraints with respect to the discrete design variables of steel section sizes. The application and effectiveness of the developed integrated wind‐induced response analysis and design optimization procedure is illustrated through a 30‐storey rectangular steel building example. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高层建筑风荷载研究成果的述评

高层建筑风荷载研究,是结构风工程最重要的研究内容之一。深入开展建筑物表面风荷载研究、建筑物风致响应研究、建筑物风荷载干扰和舒适性研究,对于正确分析高层建筑风荷载的力学响应,保证结构的安全性与适应性,具有重要的指导意义。本文论述了高层建筑风荷载研究领域的主要成就和最新进展,并对其研究发展思路提出了一些看法。