工业品中全氟化合物的测定

本文介绍了一种全氟化合物(PFCs)的典型代表全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛磺酸(PFOS)的高效液相色谱串联质谱(HPLC/MS/MS)测定方法。方法简便快捷准确可靠,可应用于纺织品、服装、食品、医药、航天和电子领域等数百种工业和消费品中PFOA、PFOS的测定。     

回收全氟辛酸的研制和应用

通过对聚四氟乙烯生产废水中全氟辛酸回收方法的研究 ,制得外观好、直链含量高、反应活性好的回收全氟辛酸 ,应用于生产效果良好     

全氟表面活性剂对电极反应的影响─—非离子型全氟表面活性剂与碳氢链表面活性剂的比较

研究了非离子型全氟表面活性剂在汞电极表面的吸附行为及对若干典型电还原反应的影响，并与相应的碳氢链表面活性剂作了比较。结果表明，在零电荷电位附近，两类表面活性剂均以憎水链吸附于电极表面，由于全氟链的吸附活性弱于碳氢链，其对电极表面的屏蔽作用及对电极反应的阻碍均较弱。在负极化区，憎水链脱附，亲水基团吸附于电极表面，这时两类表面活性剂对电极反应的阻碍作用一般相差不大。     

含全氟化合物食品包装或影响儿童疫苗效力

据《美国医学学会杂志》最新刊登的一项研究结果表明,过度摄入一种广泛应用于食品包装的含全氟化合物(PFC)可能会导致儿童接种疫苗的效力降低。之前曾有研究证明,全氟化合物与啮齿类动物免疫力下降有关。据悉,研究人员对656名1999年及2000年在丹麦法罗群岛国立医院出生的儿童进行了跟踪调     

微乳液技术在纳米材料合成中的应用

微乳液是由表面活性剂、助表面活性剂在有机溶剂或水中形成的热力学稳定的各向同性的单分散体系,其分散质点为纳米级。它为纳米粒子的制备提供理想的模板和微环境。本文介绍了纳米材料、微乳液以及运用微乳液技术制备纳米材料以及该法的优点和和应用范围。     

表面活性剂在乳化炸药中的作用

研究了6种乳化剂对乳化炸药质量的影响.通过选择性的试验,认为添加S-80、T155和卵磷脂复配的乳化剂制得的乳化炸药,性能好,价格低,具有广阔的市场前景.     

钼及其化合物在表面处理中的应用

１润滑性的应用ＭｏＳ２是优良的干性润滑剂，广泛应用于机械传动。将其加入润滑油中可有效地降低摩擦阻力达３０％左右；用于润滑高压高旋转机件时，可在－４０～４００℃内保持良好的润滑性能。可将０．５μｍ的ＭｏＳ２微细粒子溶于润滑油中或结合树脂以苯二甲酸溶解来...     

Gemini表面活性剂的合成及在乳化炸药中的应用

以N,N-二甲基十二烷基叔胺和1,3-二溴丙烷为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂合成阳离子型Gemini表面活性剂.反应产物以混合溶剂乙酸乙脂-乙醇重结晶纯化后,用红外光谱及核磁共振进行结构表征,并将其作为晶形改变剂及助乳剂应用于乳胶基质中,使乳化炸药具有小而分布均匀的W/O粒子和较强的稳定性及良好的爆炸性能.     

炭材料在医学领域的应用

包括碳纤维、石墨及其复合材料等在内的炭材料有着很好的生物相容性。综述了炭材料作为生物材料在医学方面的应用，介绍了部分炭材料医用制品如人造心脏瓣膜、生体修补膜、人造器官、医疗器械等的制备方法和优缺点。     

汽车用LF－5W型水乳化防锈蜡的研究和应用

简述了近年来国外汽车防锈蜡的概况，技术路线的选择，乳化剂及其它助剂对产品性能的影响。与进口同类产品比较，该产品具有同等的防锈性及工艺性能，较优良的干燥性。     

汽车用LF－5W型水乳化防锈蜡的研究和应用

简述了近年来国外汽车防锈蜡的概况，技术路线的选择，乳化剂及其它助剂对产品性能的影响。与进口同类产品比较，该产品具有同等的防锈性及工艺性能，较优良的干燥性。     

Separation of aniline from aqueous solutions using emulsion liquid membranes

An emulsion liquid membrane process is developed to separate aniline from dilute aqueous solution. Aniline (amino-benzene) is a carcinogenic chemical common in industry and industrial wastewater. Due to aniline's high boiling point (183°C) and low concentration in wastewater, more traditional methods of separation such as distillation are very energy intensive. This emulsion process is offered as a low energy alternative. All separations occur in a Rushton stirred tank. The membrane phase consists of kerosene and the surfactant sorbitan monooleate (span 80). Hydrogen chloride solution is the internal phase. This study also examines the effects of HCl concentration, aniline concentration, and the amount of emulsion on separation. Up to 99.5% of the aniline is removed from solutions containing 5000 ppm in as little as 4 min depending on process conditions. Leakage is minimal and swelling is only about 3% after 5 min of processing. Approximately 98% of the membrane phase (both kerosene and span 80) is successfully recovered and recycled by using heat and/or adding 2-propanol for demulsification.     

Study on a new surfactant for removal of phenol from wastewater by emulsion liquid membrane

Removal of phenol from wastewater using emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is studied in present study. A new polyamine-type surfactant was synthesized and used for stabilizing of the emulsion phase. The results for the emulsion made by the synthesized surfactant showed much better stability and performance in the separation process compared to that by conventionally used Span 80. To determine the optimum operation conditions, the effect of several parameters such as emulsifier concentration, concentration of NaOH in the internal phase, oil to internal phase volume ratio, mixing intensity, temperature, solvent type, and stabilizer concentration have been investigated. It was found that under the optimum conditions, more than 98% of phenol can be removed in a single-stage process. The removal efficiency can be increased to 99.8% in a two-stage process.     

Emulsion-derived urchin-shaped hydroxy sodalite particles

Urchin-shaped hydroxy sodalite (HS) particles composed of numerous nanorods of 400-500 nm in length with hexagonal cross-section of 50-100 nm in diameter were synthesized following non-ionic surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions at a considerably low temperature of 90⁰C with a short duration, 10 h. The non-ionic surfactant, i.e. sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of 4.3 was found to be suitable for the preparation of emulsions. Crystalline phases and microstructures of the synthesized particles were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) respectively. A relatively lower synthesis temperature (80 °C), under the same reaction conditions, resulted in the formation of thread-ball-like particles of HS along with a little amount of cubic NaA zeolite particles while flower-like HS particles were obtained at 100 °C. A tentative mechanism for the formation of HS particles of different morphologies was proposed. The HS particles find important use as seed crystals for the preparation of ceramic membranes in the separation technology and catalysis in various reactions.     

Effect of process parameters on surfactant-based synthesis of hydroxy sodalite particles

Hydroxy sodalite (HS) particles of different morphologies were synthesized by non-ionic surfactant-based water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion technique at 90 °C. Span 80 (HLB: 4.3), Span 20 (HLB: 8.6), and Tween 80 (HLB: 15) were used as nonionic surfactants. The effects of different surfactants as well as concentration and time variations of Span 80 on the synthesized particles were studied for understanding their crystallization and microstructural behaviors. The synthesized particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). FTIR and XRD studies confirmed the formation of HS particles under all the varied conditions. Urchin-shaped particles obtained from Span 80 disappeared with the formation of agglomerated particles consisting of rod-like grains and microspheres, and stone-like agglomerated particles from Span 20 and Tween 80-derived emulsions respectively with 1 wt.% concentration each in n-heptane. On the other hand, flower-like and nest-like morphologies of HS particles were obtained in presence of 1 wt.% Span 80 of the emulsion at 90 °C for 5 and 15 h, respectively.     

纳米氧化镍在蓄电池电极中的应用

综述了近几年来纳米氧化镍在蓄电池中的应用概况，介绍了已经制备出并见于报道的纳米氢氧化镍的特性，以及在蓄电池中的应用情况，展望了纳米材料在蓄电池的应用前景。     

外军弹药包装特点及发展趋势

论述了外军弹药包装特点及发展趋势,可供弹药包装研究人员参考     

BIT 的发展趋势

目的分析和研究BIT的发展趋势.方法论述BIT的发展并分析存在问题.结果新的测试、检测和故障诊断理论和方法促进了BIT的发展.结论BIT的发展趋势与ATE融和、综合诊断、智能化、与可测性设计结合.