Effects of Powder Feeding Rate on Interaction between Laser Beam and Powder Streamin Laser Cladding Process

A theoretical model was presented to calculate the laser intensity distribution and the particle temperatures at different sites of the workpiece in the laser cladding process By using this model, the effects of the powder feeding rate on the laser intensity distribution and the particle temperatures were inrestigated ,the caleuluted results under the condition of different injection angles were also plotted it is shout that with increasing the injection angle,the laser inuensity distributwons are similar but the peak ralue of the laser intensity decreases simdlaneously the peak ralue of the particle tenperature increases and the disribution of the particle temperatures gets central symmetrical gradually.these tests reslts should be considered in model of laser cladding due to their sub the effects on the dynamic processes in laser molten pool.     

激光熔敷镍基自熔性合金粉末的研制

针对激光熔敷表面处理技术对合金粉末材料性能的要求，分别研究了合金粉末的B含量、Si含量以及B、Si含量配比对激光熔敷的工艺性能、粉末形貌及涂层性能的影响，研制出具有良好的工艺性能和使用性能的激光熔敷用镍基自熔性合金粉末．     

一种新型载气式激光熔敷送粉器

为解决超细粉末的送粉问题，研究一种新型的载气式送粉器，粉末通过粉轮均匀拨送，能在气流作用下经落粉腔分散后流出．选用NiO2C(Ni60)、A12O3-Cr2O3和WC这3种不同料性的超细合金粉末应用该装置进行了气动送粉试验，对送粉器的性能进行了数据测定争界定，并应用上述超细合金粉末进行了激光熔敷试验，获得了理想的效果．     

3-D transient numerical simulation on the process of laser cladding by powder feeding

A 3-D transient mathematical model for laser cladding by powder feeding was developed to examine the macroscopic heat and momentum transport during the process, based on which a novel method for determining the configuration and thickness of cladding layer was presented. By using Lambert-Beer theorem and Mie‘s theory, the interaction between powder stream and laser beam was treated to evoke their subtle effects on heat transfer and fluid flow in laser molten pool. The numerical study was performed in a co-ordinate system moving with the laser at a constant scanning speed. A fixed grid enthalpy-porosity approach was used,which predicted the evolutionary development of the laser molten pool. The commercial software PHOENICS, to which several modules were appended, was used to accomplish the simulation. The results obtained by the simulation were coincident with those measured in experiment basically.     

45#钢表面NiCrBSi合金激光熔敷层的组织和硬度

为提高45^#钢表面硬度及耐磨性能，采用激光熔敷技术在其表面制备NiCrBSi合金涂层，利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了熔敷层的微观组织，利用显微硬度计测试了熔敷层的硬度，结果表明，激光熔敷层的组织由γ-Ni树枝晶、γ-Ni Ni3B共晶、M7C3树枝晶和CrB颗粒组成，激光熔敷层的硬度在HV800～900之间．     

激光熔覆纳米Al2O3的粉末冶金件的表面组织

运用纳米Al2O3作为粉末冶金件的表面改性材料,通过激光熔覆试验对粉末冶金件进行了表面改性。分析了激光熔覆的凝固过程,运用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对粉末冶金材料的表面改性层组织进行了观察,并对改性层不同组织的形成因素进行了研究。结果表明:熔覆后材料组织分为熔覆层区、界面结合区、基体区。从熔覆层到基体密度呈现由密向疏变化。激光熔覆组织主要受涂层成分及含量、工艺参数、形状控制因子G/υ(温度梯度/凝固速度)的影响,而形状控制因子又决定于工艺参数。当光带矩形光斑尺寸为15mm×2mm时,最佳功率为2.5kW,最佳扫描速度为90mm/min。     

Pulsed Nd：YAG laser cladding of high silicon content coating on low silicon steel

A pulsed Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser-based technique was employed to clad low silicon steel with preplaced Si and Fe mixed powders for high Si content. The surface morphology, microstructural evolution, phase composition, and Si distribution, within the obtained cladding coatings, were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), with associated energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microhardness was also measured along the depth direction of the specimens. A crack-and pore-free cladding coating through excellent metallurgical bonding with the substrate was successfully prepared on low silicon steel by means of optimized sin-gle-track and multi-track laser cladding. The phases of the coating are α-Fe, γ-Fe, and FeSi. The high microhardness of the la-ser-cladding zone is considered as an increase in Si content and as the refined microstructure produced by the laser treatment. The Si contents of the cladding coatings were about 5.8wt/ in the single-track cladding and 6.5wt/ in the multi-track cladding, respectively.     

Microstructure and performance of laser cladding TiB2 and Nickel-coated graphite composite coating on stainless steel 9Cr18

Stainlesssteel9Cr18withhighhardnessandanti wearpropertyiswidelyusedinthefieldsofbothna tionaldefenseandciviluse,especiallyapplicationintheaero enginebearingsandnationaldefenseaccoutre ments.Thetechnologyoflasercladdinghighhardness,antiwearandantifrictionc…     

Microstructural evolution of titanium matrix composite coatings reinforced by in situ synthesized TiB and TiC by laser cladding

Titanium-based composite coatings reinforced by in situ synthesized TiB and TiC particles were successfully fabricated on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding using Ti-B_4C-Al or Ti-B_4C-C-Al powders as the precursor materials.The microstructural and metallographic analyses were made by X-ray diffraction(XRD),optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA).The results show that the coatings are mainly composed ofα-Ti cellular dendrites and a eutectic transformation p...     

激光熔覆成形技术的研究进展

为了应用能量守恒对同轴送粉激光熔覆中的熔覆层性能进行精确计算,研究了激光束穿过粉末云时能量的衰减现象和衰减规律. 利用流体软件模拟实际喷嘴喷粉的过程,并利用有限元软件模拟激光束穿过粉末云的能量衰减规律,得到了激光-粉末相互作用区域内粉末云质量浓度随\t\t\t\t\tz轴的分布曲线,以及不同激光功率下和不同粉末云质量浓度下,从喷嘴出口到基材之间粉末云对激光衰减率的变化曲线. 结果表明:激光束穿过粉末云的过程中,未到粉末交汇处时光强衰减较弱,汇聚处能量衰减明显. 对衰减率进行定量研究可以很好地用于熔池温度场的精确计算.\t\t\t\t

     

工具钢表面激光熔覆Co基合金涂层的组织及性能

通过送粉式激光熔覆在碳素工具钢(T10钢)表面制备了Co基合金熔覆涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析其微观结构和相组成。结果表明:熔覆层中主要有γ-Co相以及其他相,包括Cr23C6、Co7W6和CrNi。从熔池与基体界面到熔覆层表面存在不同的凝固形态,依次为平面晶(在界面处)、胞状晶和树枝晶。微观组织较细的树枝晶强化了熔覆层,因而激光熔覆层的显微硬度增加,耐腐蚀性提高。     

激光熔覆Al2O3陶瓷涂层组织结构

研究了45钢表面激光熔覆等离子Al2O3陶瓷喷涂层的组织结构、硬度及滑动磨损特性。结果表明，等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层呈层片状，涂层疏松，由α－Al2O3,ZrO2和γ－Al2O3组成。激光熔覆Al2O3陶瓷涂层致密，由α－Al2O3及ZrO2组成。激光熔覆Al2O3涂层硬度较高，滑动磨损时其耐磨性也明显优于等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层。     

不同Ca/P比粉末对宽带激光熔覆梯度生物陶瓷涂层组织结构的影响

采用梯度设计思想,利用宽带激光熔覆技术,在TC4合金表面分别熔覆Ca/P为1.4和1.5的CaH-PO4.2H2O+CaCO3混合粉末制备含羟基磷灰石[Ca10(PO4)6(OH2),简称HA]、β-磷酸三钙[β-Ca3(PO42),简称β-TCP]的度生物陶瓷涂层.采用XRD、SEM等表征手段,研究不同Ca/P粉末配比对生物陶瓷涂层组织结构的影响.研究表明:由于P在激光条件下存在烧损现象,当Ca/P为1.5的粉末经激光熔覆后所生成的陶瓷组织较Ca/P较1.4结晶状态更好.不同Ca/P粉末以及CeO2的添加量对催化合成HA+β-TCP有着深刻的影响.当Ca/P=1.4,CeO2的添加量为0.4wt%时,催化合成HA+β-TCP的数量最多;而当Ca/P=1.5,CeO2的添加量在0.2～0.4wt%范围内,催化合成HA+β-TCP的量最多.     

激光熔覆Co基合金/MoSi_2复合涂层显微组织分析

在304不锈钢表面预置Co基合金和MoSi2混合粉末,采用激光熔覆技术制备Co基合金/MoSi2复合涂层.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针和X衍射仪对熔覆层显微组织进行分析,并测试其显微硬度.结果表明熔覆层与基体呈良好的冶金结合.熔覆层中存在两种明显不同的凝固特征：一是MoSi2的添加量在0～20%之间,涂层组织主要由柱状树枝亚共晶和枝晶间共晶组成;二是MoSi2的添加量在30%～80%之间时,涂层组织主要是形貌各异的小平面树枝过共晶组成如竹叶状、星状、蝴蝶状、花瓣状等.其中Co基合金/40wt.%MoSi2复合涂层的平均显微硬度达到最大值1 455 HV0.2,是基体材料的4.9倍.     

碳钢轴类零件激光熔覆弯曲的定量实验研究

为了得到不同激光熔覆面积下轴弯曲量的变化情况,得到轴类零件激光熔覆弯曲过程的数学模型,得出熔覆面积与轴弯曲程度之间的经验公式,设计了激光熔覆校轴实验.实验在相同熔覆长度和深度下,改变熔覆中心角,即熔覆面积,进行激光熔覆.实验结果表明,在激光熔覆校轴中,轴发生了朝向激光束的弯曲;熔覆层所对中心角小于90（°）时,轴弯曲量与熔覆面积成正比关系,使轴弯曲量达到最大的熔覆层所对中心角为90（°）;同时得到了激光熔覆校轴的数学模型和衡量轴弯曲量的参数,得出轴弯曲量与熔覆面积的经验公式,得出不同位置处轴跳动值的经验公式.通过经验公式计算得出的轴跳动值与实测的轴跳动值拟合良好,最大的误差为0.032 mm,总平均误差为0.001 mm,由此说明抽象出的弯曲数学模型正确,经验公式精度较高.     

送粉激光熔敷耐磨涂层制备工艺与组织结构

采用20%WC作为镍基自熔合金的掺杂增强相，研究了该复合材料在送粉激光熔敷工艺条件下的熔敷层显微组织、显微硬度与熔敷工艺规范间关系，得出了在实验条件下的优化工艺参数：激光功率为2．5kW(光斑离焦量60mm)；扫描速度为2．4mm／s；送粉量为3．0g／min．     

2738模具钢表面激光熔覆Ni基WC复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能

在2738模具钢表面通过CO2激光熔覆制备Ni基WC复合涂层。分别对2738钢基体和Ni-WC激光熔覆层进行干摩擦试验。用三维表面形貌仪测量磨损体积,用扫描电镜观察磨痕的表面形貌。试验结果表明,Ni-WC复合涂层试样的硬度显著提高,表面硬度超过1200HV,保证了Ni-WC熔覆层的耐磨性。熔覆层的平均摩擦因数约为0.24,与2738钢基体的摩擦因数0.43相比,降低了约44%。熔覆试样的比磨损率比基体试样的比磨损率下降了96.7%,WC硬质相提高了摩擦副表面的承载能力。磨粒磨损为Ni-WC复合涂层的主要磨损机理。     

Nd:YAG激光和CO2激光熔敷性能比较研究

从Maxwell方程和Hagen-Ruben公式出发,计算了Nd：YAG激光(波长为1．06μm)和CO2激光(波长为10．6μm)在金属中的吸收率和穿透深度,并做了Nd：YAG激光与CO2激光的熔敷试验比较．结果表明：Nd：YAG激光在金属中吸收率约为CO2激光的3倍,更适于激光熔敷;CO2激光在金属中穿透力约为Nd：YAG激光的3倍,更适于激光相变淬火．     

激光熔覆铜基合金涂层中的液相分离行为

为了研究铜基合金激光熔覆中的液相分离行为,根据液相分离理论在ZL104铝合金表面成功制备了具有液相分离特性的铜基合金涂层,并采用扫描电镜等对涂层中液相分离形成的分离相(硬质强化相)的形态特征与分布规律进行了观察,研究了不同分离相的形成机制与液相分离行为.研究表明,涂层中的分离相通常呈弥散分布和偏聚2种典型形态.熔池温度较高时分离相表现出"富Mo核心 包围相"的2层复合结构,呈边缘粗糙的不规则近球状形貌,这是由异质形核诱发的液相分离所形成的;温度稍低时强的表面能约束则是影响液相分离的主要因素,并使分离相呈光滑球状形态.当表面能过高时在对流等因素作用下分离相问会发生严重的碰撞凝并,最终形成大块偏聚体.