快速凝固Al—Ti—Fe系合金的组织演化

采用单辊旋铸技术制备Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe,Al2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5V和Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr(at%，下同）合金薄带，利用X射线衍射（XRD）和透射电镜（TEM）分析了这些合金的急冷态和退火态组织。结果表明：快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe合金急冷态组织中存在Al3Ti和Al5Ti2两种初生相，快凝合金经400℃退火10h后，组织中出现了Al13Fe4相，在450℃退火，组织中析出了弥散Al3Ti相；快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5V合金急冷态组织中存在Al11V相和Al80V20相，400℃退火10h后，初生Al11V相转变为Al80V20相，且固溶在α-Al基体中的Ti,Fe以Al23Ti9相和Al13Fe4相的形式析出；快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr合金急冷态组织中存在Al3Ti和Al13Cr2两种初生相，快凝合金经300℃退火10h后，组织中析出了Al13Cr2和Al3Ti两种弥散相，400℃退火10h时后组织中出现了Al13Fe4相。     

快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe合金显微组织及热稳定性的研究

采用单辊旋铸技术制备Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe合金薄带，利用DSC分析、X射线衍射和透射电镜来分析该合金的急冷态和退火态组织，测定了合金在 同温度下退火10h后的显微硬度。结果表明，快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe合金稳冷态组织中存在两种初生相：Al3Ti相和Al5Ti2相；而经300℃退火10h后，将发生亚稳相Al5Ti向稳定相Al3Ti 的转变；经400℃退火10h后，组织中出现了平衡稳定相Al13Fe4，且在热处理过程中弥散析出Al3Ti相。     

Sc对Ti-Al二元合金组织与显微硬度的影响

采用真空电弧熔炼技术制备了Ti-6Al、Ti-3Al-35c、Ti-10Al以及Ti-8Al-2Sc四种成分的合金，借助X射线衍射技：术(XRD)对铸态合金的相组成进行了分析。将铸态合金分别在β相区、α＋β相区和仅相区的温度下进行真空等温退火10h并进行水冷。借助光学金相显微镜对合金在不同退火态下的组织进行了分析，并用岛津显微硬度计测量了合金的显微硬度。试验结果表明，铸态Ti-Al-(Se)合金的显微组织形貌主要为魏氏组织、双态组织和网篮组织，其主要析出相为Ti-Al和Al3Sc。金属sc的加入明显细化了合金的组织，同时提高了合金中α片层组织的显微硬度。从金属Sc对合金的组织演变的影响上来看，金属Sc的加入具有稳定仅相的作用。经过等温退火处理后的合金其显微硬度高于铸态合金的显微硬度，Al的含量以及金属Sc的添加均对合金基体和片层组织的硬度产生了一定的影响。     

冷却速率对粗晶铸造TiAl合金显微组织的影响

采用磁悬浮感应熔炼铸造方法制备了晶粒粗大的TI-46Al-2Nb-2Cr合金.通过显微组织观察,研究了在高温预处理过程中,不同淬火介质下的冷却速率对铸态合金显微组织的影响.结果表明,冷却速率明显影响了粗晶铸造Ti-46Al-2Nb-2Cr合金的显微组织.快速冷却有利于后续热处理晶粒的细化,提高细化效果,加快细化的进程;冷却速率较慢则会降低细化效果,降低细化的速率.     

钛合金表面激光熔覆材料研究进展

研究了Ti-45Al-5Nb（at％）和Ti-45Al-5Nb-0．3Y（at％）合金的铸态显微组织。结果表明：稀土Y的添加改变了Ti-45Al-5Nb合金的铸态显微组织，促进了等轴晶粒的形成，极大地细化了晶粒；稀土Y主要富集在等轴晶粒的晶界处，并呈断续网络状分布，还有极少量的稀土呈小颗粒分布在晶粒内部；与Ti-45l-5Nb合金相比，Ti-45Al-5Nb-0．3Y合金除了γ和α2相外，还形成了富集Al和Y的富稀土 相-YAl2相；在合金凝固过程中，稀土Y能够提高TiAl合金的形核率，同时稀土Y在固液界面前沿的富集抑制了初生声相的生长，并且后者对晶粒的细化起主要作用。     

典型β型钛合金元素Cu，Fe和Cr的偏析规律

通过对Ti-2．5Cu，Ti-3Fe，Ti-3Cr，Ti-13Cu-1Al，Ti-6Al-1．7Fe几种合金铸锭成分的对比研究，建立了典型β钛合金元素的偏析模式。对Ti-2．5Cu，Ti-3Fe，Ti-3Cr合金铸锭的对比可知，Cu和Fe元素的偏析程度大，Cr元素的偏析程度小；对Ti-2．5Cu和Ti-13Cu-1Al合金铸锭的对比可知，Cu元素在2种合金铸锭中的偏析均比较明显，Cu含量越高，偏析程度越大；Cu元素在2种合金铸锭的晶界有截然不同的偏析方式，Cu元素在Ti-13Cu-1Al的晶界富集而在Ti-2．5Cu的晶界贫化。对Ti-3Fe和Ti-6Al-1．7Fe合金铸锭的对比可知，Fe元素在2种合金铸锭中的偏析均比较明显，Fe含量越高，偏析程度越严重；Fe元素在2种合金铸锭的晶界均贫化。     

V和B元素对Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo合金显微组织及热变形机制的影响

为了探究V和B元素复合添加对β型γ-TiAl合金的显微组织和变形机制产生的影响,本工作针对Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo合金和Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo-2V-0.2B合金,进行了不同温度和应变速率条件下的高温热压缩实验,利用SEM-BSE和TEM对组织进行表征,对比分析了其变形后的显微组织,研究了添加V和B对Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo合金的显微组织及热变形机制的影响。结果表明,2种Ti Al合金的显微组织差异较大,添加V和B可以显著改变TiAl合金对热变形的敏感性。Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo-2V-0.2B合金高温变形能力明显优于Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo合金。Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo合金的高温热变形以难变形片层团的偏转、变形带的产生为主,温度为1250℃时,其变形组织表现出较高的温度和应变速率敏感性,极易形成尺寸不均匀的近片层组织;对于Ti-44Al-5Nb-1Mo-2V-0.2B合金而言,升高变形温度或降低应变速率,既可以促进片层团内部的变形诱导L(α/γ)→α+γ+β/B2和γ→α相变,又可以促进α和β/B2相的球化/动态再结晶,从而大幅提高该合金的组织均...     

Ti-40Al-10Fe合金的组织和铸造性能

采用氩气保护真空水冷铜坩埚磁悬浮熔炼法制备了Ti-40Al-10Fe(摩尔分数)合金。使用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱仪和显微硬度计分析了合金的组织和性能。同时,讨论了Fe对合金的组织和性能的影响。结果表明,合金铸态组织为树枝状晶和少量的等轴晶,主要由γ-TiAl相和τ2相组成;Fe和Al在等轴晶区存在偏析。对Ti-40Al-10Fe和Ti-48Al-10Nb合金的对比试验表明,Ti-40Al-10Fe合金的铸造性能更佳,且消除了缩孔,硬度(HV)达到497,远大于Ti-48Al-10Nb的330。     

热处理工艺对Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.15B-0.4W显微组织的影响

用电子探针对Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.15B-0.4W的铸态和经过热处理之后的显微组织进行了观察和分析,并分析了热处理工艺对Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.15B-0.4W显微组织的影响.结果发现:Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.15B-0.4W的铸态组织经过热等静压和均匀化处理后,其晶团尺寸减小,层片组织更为完整;Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.15B-0.4W合金的α相转变温度为(1 290±5)℃;Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.15B-0.4W合金在超过1 295℃的温度进行热处理时,其显微组织由近层片组织转变为全层片组织.经过热等静压和均匀化处理后Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.15B-0.4W合金的基本形貌为初生γ相 层片状晶团,有β相析出,其形貌为针状、点状、颗粒状.     

热暴露对Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo/TC11焊接界面显微硬度和元素分布的影响

通过550℃,50h热暴露试验研究了Ti-24Al-15Nb-1．5Mo／TC11焊接界面显微硬度和元素分布的变化规律．结果表明,梯度热处理后Ti-24Al-15Nb-1．5Mo合金基体组织的显微硬度高于双重热处理．梯度热处理条件下,变形30％试样在热暴露期间由于焊缝组织中细针状α相数量的减少,造成显微硬度升高;而在Ti-24Al-15Nb—1．5Mo合金侧由于晶格畸变能的释放,造成显微硬度的降低．而变形量40％,50％＋梯度热处理试样焊缝组织在热暴露期间继续分解、长大,造成显微硬度的降低．热暴露过程中,焊缝界面处的元素继续扩散;Nb元素在焊缝区域中的含量明显增加,增加了品格畸变,也是引起显微硬度升高的原因之一．     

Microstructure and thermal stability behavior of a rapidly solidified Al—Ti—Fe—Cr alloy

A rapidly solidified Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr(mass fraction in%) alloy was prepared by melt spinning.Asquenched and as-annealed microstructures were studied by X-ray diffractometry(XRD),transmission electron microseopy(TEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HREM) and energy dispersive spersive spectrum(EDS) analysis,The microhardness of the alloy at different annealing temperatures was measured.The results obtained indicate that the microhardness of the rapidly solidified Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr alloy does not vary with differnet annealing temperatures.The as-quenched microstructure of the alloy includes two kinds of dispersed primary phases:Al3Ti and Al13(Cr,Fe)2,After annealing at 400℃ for 10h,the stable phase Al13Fe4 appears in the microstructure.     

Directional solidification of Ti-45AI-8Nb-（W,B,Y） alloy

Using a Bridgman vertical vacuum furnace, Ti-45Al-8Nb-(W,B,Y) (at.%) bars, which were prepared from a plasma arc melting (PAM) ingot, were directionally solidified at growth rates of 10, 15, and 20 μm/s. Polysynthetic twinned (PST) crystal with an aligned lamellar microstructure was obtained at the growth rate of 15 μm/s because of high Nb addition. The principle of PST crystal growth and the effect of Nb element were discussed. The results of investigations on microstructure and micromechanical properties of the directionally solidified (DS) bars of Ti-45Al-8Nb-(W,B,Y) alloy are briefly summarized.     

Directional solidification of Ti-45Al-8Nb-(W,B,Y) alloy

Using a Bridgman vertical vacuum furnace,Ti-45Al-8Nb-(W,B,Y) (at.%) bars,which were prepared from a plasma arc melting (PAM) ingot,were directionally solidified at growth rates of 10,15,and 20 μm/s.Polysynthetic twinned (PST) crystal with an aligned lamellar microstructure was obtained at the growth rate of 15 μm/s because of high Nb addition.The principle of PST crystal growth and the effect of Nb element were discussed.The results of investigations on microstructure and micromechanical properties of the d...     

Improving hot deformability of TiAl alloys by minor additions of Ni and Mg

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时效温度对Ti-5Al-4Zr-10Mo-3Cr钛合金微观组织及力学性能的影响

研究了Ti-5Al-4Zr-10Mo-3Cr合金经过β相区固溶(880 ℃)、不同温度时效(540~620 ℃)处理后次生α相(α_s)析出形貌及其对力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着时效温度由540 ℃升高至620 ℃,合金中析出α_s相片层厚度由0.030 μm增加到0.142 μm,屈服强度由1353 MPa降低至1074 MPa,断后伸长率由2.5%升高至11.4%,即时效析出的微米级片层α_s能够显著调控合金的力学性能。此外,时效温度升高使合金的拉伸断裂由沿晶脆性断裂为主转变为韧窝穿晶为主的韧性断裂方式。Ti-5Al-4Zr-10Mo-3Cr合金时效析出的片层状α_s相的厚度大于0.1 μm,合金的断后伸长率≥6%。当时效温度为600 ℃时,合金的硬度为387 HV10,抗拉强度为1182 MPa,伸长率为8.5%,具有良好的强塑性匹配。     

电弧熔炼Cr-40Ti-20Nb三元合金的组织与压缩性能

采用真空非自耗电弧熔炼的方法制备了Cr-40Ti-20Nb(原子分数)合金.利用光学显微镜(OM),X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)分析了合金不同凝固位置处的相组成和组织形态.结果表明,合金的凝固组织主要是由Laves相Cr2(Nb,Ti)枝晶组织及丁i的固溶体组成.同时对合金的显微硬度和压缩性能进行了测试,显微硬度值在6 112～7 350MPa之间,比Laves相Cr2Nb的显微硬度低20％.另外室温压缩屈服强度可达1 334-1 524 MPa,与采用多种合金化元素的Cr-12Nb-4Re-2Al合金相当,这表明Ti元素的添加不仅可以改变Laves相Cr2Nhb合金的凝固组织,而且对其塑性也有很大程度的改善.     

Study on Microstructure and Thermal Stability Behavior of Rapidly Solidified Al-Fe-Ce Alloy

Study on Microstructure and Thermal Stability Behavior of Rapidly Solidified Al-Fe-Ce Alloy     

Ion Implantation as a tool to study the oxidation behaviour of TiAl-based intermetallics

TiAl-based Intermetallic alloys are being considered as structural materials for high-temperature applications due to their low density and substantial mechanical strength at high temperatures. The effect of various elements added by ion implantation on the oxidation behaviour of near-γ Ti-48Al-2Cr and Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb (compositions are given in at-%) in air at 800°C has been studied. Ions implanted (10¹⁷ Ions/Cm²) were Al, Ti, Cr, Mo, Y, Mn, Pt, Nb, and Si in case of Ti-48Al-2Cr and Nb in case of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb. Comparison was made with the oxidation behaviour of Ti-48Al2Cr-2Nb and Ti-47Al-2Cr-0.2Si alloys in which quaternary elements were added by alloying. It is Concluded that ion implantation can serve as a research tool to study, in the frame of screening tests, the influence of various elements on the corrosion behaviour of materials.     

Effect of carbon on microstructures of Ti-45Al-3Fe-2Mo-xC alloy

The effect of carbon addition on the microstructures of TiAl-based alloy (Ti-45Al-3Fe-2Mo) was studied. The proportion of β/B2 phase reduces with the content of carbon increasing, while the colony size increases. With increasing the carbon content, the lamellar spacing first decreases from 267 nm (Ti-45Al-3Fe-2Mo) to 237 nm (Ti-45Al-3Fe-2Mo-0.3C) and 155 nm (Ti-45Al-3Fe-2Mo-0.5C), but then increases to 230 nm (Ti-45Al-3Fe-2Mo-1.0C) with further increase in C level, which is affected by the inhibition of carbon atom and precipitation of carbides at the lamellar interface. Precipitation of carbides shows a response to aging time at 800 °C. P-type carbides grow up at the boundaries and near the dislocation areas with the prolonging of aging time. And these carbides are projected different morphology in different beam directions (BD). The effects of these microstructural modifications were examined and the observations were discussed.     

熔体热稳定处理对定向凝固Ti-46Al-0.5W-0.5Si合金组织和性能的影响(英文)

通过改变定向凝固前的保温时间,研究热稳定处理对定向凝固Ti-46Al-0.5W-0.5Si(摩尔分数,%)合金组织和性能的影响。在稳定的温度梯度下(G=20K/mm),定向凝固启动前试样分别保温5、15、30、45和60min,然后试样以恒定的速度(v=30μm/s)进行定向凝固实验。测量定向凝固组织的一次枝晶间距(λ1)、二次枝晶间距(λ2)、层片间距(λL)和显微硬度(HV),并分析这些参数与热稳定处理时间(t)的关系。λ1、λ2和λL的值随着t的延长而增大,而HV则随着t的延长而减小。在定向凝固启动前,延长热稳定时间有助于获得良好的定向凝固组织,然而,过长的保温时间则会降低合金的力学性能。因此,需要优化定向凝固前的热稳定处理时间。根据实验结果,在当前实验条件下,定向凝固前热稳定处理时间选择30min,既能够获得良好的定向凝固组织,又能保持合金较高的力学性能。