聚乙二醇改性环氧丙烯酸阴极电泳涂料用乳液的制备

以聚醚多元醇改性环氧丙烯酸酯为主体树脂制备了阴极电泳涂料用乳液。讨论了聚醚多元醇的种类和用量对改性环氧丙烯酸乳液及其涂膜性能的影响,以及扩链反应温度和时间对环氧基转化率的影响。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)和热重分析(TG)对改性前后的环氧丙烯酸阳离子树脂进行了表征。试验发现,以PEG1000为扩链剂,用量为13%~14%,在90°C下反应4h,制得的改性环氧丙烯酸乳液平均粒径65.49nm,ζ电位58.3mV,乳液黏度0.21Pa.s,常温下放置300d未分层。改性后的阴极电泳涂料漆膜柔韧性为0.5mm,附着力0级,硬度2H,冲击强度50kg.cm,耐水性达到208h,性能明显优于改性前的漆膜。     

丙烯酸阴极电泳涂料的制备

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)、丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)等为单体,采用溶液聚合法合成丙烯酸树脂,再通过胺化开环、添加交联剂、助剂、加酸中和等工艺得到高装饰性丙烯酸阴极电泳涂料。考察了单体的加料方式、聚合温度、引发剂用量对树脂相对分子质量、乳液状态、涂膜外观等性能的影响。实验结果表明,合成的乳液与色浆的配套性良好,所制备的电泳涂料的装饰性和耐候性得到了全面提升。     

脱水蓖麻油酸环氧UV固化阴极电泳涂料的研制

脱水蓖麻油酸酯化改性环氧树脂,将其与二乙醇胺反应,而后产物在光引发剂和活性单体作用下制得UV固化阴极电泳涂料。研究了环氧树脂分子质量、催化剂种类及用量、反应温度对酯化反应的影响,探讨了酯化程度、胺开环率、活性单体的种类及用量对涂料稳定性及涂膜性能的影响。结果表明,选取环氧树脂E-44,酯化温度110℃,催化剂N,N-二甲基苄胺,添加质量分数0.8%～1%,酯化程度35%～40%,胺开环率≥60%,活性单体季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯质量分数15%～20%时,所制备的UV固化阴极电泳涂料涂膜固化快速完全,表面均匀丰满光亮,附着力好,耐溶剂性优。     

丙烯酸酯改性环氧阴极电泳涂料的研究

制备了一种以聚丙二醇增韧改性的环氧树脂为母体，接枝丙烯酸单体所形成主体树脂，经离子化反应得到阴极电泳涂料。详细研究了环氧增韧改性和丙烯酸单体接枝共聚合反应的引发剂种类及用量、反应温度、溶剂种类及用量等因素对漆膜性能的影响，发现与未进行增韧改性的环氧树脂产物比较，涂膜光泽和柔韧性均有显著改善。     

高效切片固体石蜡/丙烯酸改性乳液的制备与研究

用采取半连续滴加法和预乳化法,以OP-10作为乳化剂,以(NH4)2S2O8作为引发剂,以丙烯酸(AA)为单体接枝改性高效切片固体石蜡乳液,合成了高效切片固体石蜡/丙烯酸复合乳液。实验以乳液稳定性作为评价指标,选择乳化剂种类及用量、引发剂种类及用量、反应温度、反应时间和搅拌速度为考察因素,利用正交实验L9(34)筛选出最佳合成工艺条件为:反应温度85~90℃,反应时间4.5 h,引发剂用量w(NH4)2S2O8=0.2 g,单体用量w(丙烯酸)=6 g,搅拌速度1 200 r/m in。红外光谱显示丙烯酸单体已引入到共聚物大分子中,扫描电镜揭示高效切片固体石蜡/丙烯酸复合乳液的表面性状发生了改变。     

环氧基丙烯酸阴极电泳涂料的制备与表征

采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GA）合成丙烯酸阳离子树脂,添加封闭型IPDI多异氰酸酯后,制备了环氧基丙烯酸阴极电泳涂料,并用红外光谱对固化前后涂膜结构进行表征.结果表明,环氧基在固化过程中会参与交联反应,电泳液的稳定性、涂膜的物理性能和耐化学品性能由胺值、缩水甘油酯单体种类、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GA）含量和封闭型多异氰酸酯用量等因素决定.以GA为功能性单体,摩尔用量占18%～21%,胺值为40～50 mgKOH（g（1,封闭型IPDI多异氰酸酯质量分数为20%～25%,130℃下固化20 min时,得到的电泳涂膜外观平整、硬度高、附着力和耐化学品性好,产品成本低.     

光固化阴极电泳涂料的研制

采用新的合成工艺制备了一种光固化阴极电泳涂料。讨论了各种单体及引发剂、反应温度、中和度等对合成光固化阴极电泳涂料主体树脂的影响。此光固化阴极电泳涂料工作液水溶性良好,贮存稳定性好,通过UV辐射可以在低温下快速固化,所得漆膜综合性能优异。     

涂料用苯丙乳液合成工艺条件的优化

以水作溶剂,苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸等为单体,过硫酸钾为引发剂,采用乳液聚合法合成了苯丙乳液。研究了聚合乳液的单体配比、反应温度、反应时间、乳化剂及引发剂的用量等对乳液性能的影响。采用正交实验的方法对合成工艺进行优化,获得了最佳合成条件:w(苯乙烯)∶w(丙烯酸酯)∶w(丙烯酸)=23∶20∶1.3,引发剂0.6%~0.8%,乳化剂用量2%~4%,反应温度82°C左右,反应时间2h,保温时间2h。     

醋丙乳液的制备及研究

采用半连续种子乳液聚合技术合成了一种高性能醋酸乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸共聚乳液(简称醋丙乳液),并通过加入改性单体和改变工艺以提高乳液性能.主要研究了聚合过程中引发剂用量与其浓度的关系以及引发剂干量与反应温度的关系和改性单体、丙烯酸的加入量、单体加料顺序等因素对产品性能的影响.研究结果表明,改性单体的量为1.5%,丙烯酸的量为2%～2.5%,单体加料顺序为先硬后软时,乳液的综合性能优异.     

国内期刊荟萃

蓖麻油和丙烯酸双重改性水性聚氨酯复合乳液的研制;涂料用含氟乳液的合成;改性丙烯酸型阴极电泳涂料的研究;船舶用脱漆剂的研究;光催化纳米建筑涂料降解气态氨的研究;丙烯酸酯水性涂料用高分子乳化剂的合成及性能研究;     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。