LED照明产品的全生命周期评价方法研究

生命周期评价(LCA)作为一种重要的环境管理工具,不仅能够对材料或产品全生命周期所涉及的环境问题进行评价,而且能为可持续发展决策提供依据,有利于促进产品、行业甚至整个产业链的行为更符合可持续发展的原则。但是目前国内还尚未有关于LED照明产品的生命周期评价。本文综述了生命周期评价方法在LED照明领域的应用,并提出我们的新思路,即将产品设计要素、经济成本要素及环境影响相结合的LED照明产品全生命周期评价方法。     

LED照明产品的全生命周期评价方法研究

生命周期评价（LCA）作为一种重要的环境管理工具,不仅能够对材料或产品全生命周期所涉及的环境问题进行评价,而且能为可持续发展决策提供依据,有利于促进产品、行业甚至整个产业链的行为更符合可持续发展的原则。但是目前国内还尚未有关于LED照明产品的生命周期评价。本文综述了生命周期评价方法在LED照明领域的应用,并提出我们的新思路,即将产品设计要素、经济成本要素及环境影响相结合的LED照明产品全生命周期评价方法。     

包装产品环境性能评价模式的比较研究

对国内外包装产品环境性能评价的4种模式及方法:生命周期评价LCA法、加权简化定性LCA法、模糊层次分析的绿色度评价法和采用模糊神经网络的综合评价法,进行了比较研究,分析了各自的特点及评价性能,提出了比较的结论及建议。     

LED照明产品的生命周期评价方法及其清单分析方法的研究

生命周期评价(LCA)作为一种有效的环境管理工具,是实现人类社会可持续发展的重要手段,但是目前国内还尚未有关于LED照明产品的生命周期评价。本文综述了生命周期评价方法在LED照明领域的应用,并对其中的清单分析部分进行重点讨论。清单分析是LCA中继目标界定后的一步重要操作,工作量极大,数据的准确选择对LCA清单数据库的研究十分重要。     

包装产品环境性能的评价模式及方法（一）

对国内外包装产品环境性能评价的四种模式及方法：生命周期评价LCA法,加权简化定性LCA法,模糊层次分析的绿色度评价法和采甩模糊神经网络的综合评价法进行了比较研究,分析了各自的原理、特点及适应性,指出了比较的结论及建议。     

人工纳米材料的生命周期评价研究进展

人工纳米材料(Engineering Nano Materials,ENMs)因具有优越的磁性、导电性、光学性质等被广泛应用于微电子学、催化、燃料电池、材料科学、生物技术和医药等领域,其带来优良性能与卓越功能的同时,其资源能源效率以及对生态环境、人体健康的潜在影响也越来越受到重视。尽早识别这些利弊对材料科学的发展、环境保护以及ENMs的可持续性发展均具有重要意义。而生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment,LCA)作为一种综合而全面的评价理论与方法,也是评价ENMs以及其工艺、产品的生命周期资源能源消耗和环境行为的有效方法。对生命周期理论与方法应用于ENMs及其产品的资源能源消耗分析、环境影响评价和环境释放分析三方面的研究进展进行了总结和综述,对目前研究中存在的问题进行了分析总结,对今后LCA应用于ENMs的发展方向进行了展望。     

铝塑复合板和单铝板的LCA研究

采用国内杨建新生命周期评价（LCA）和国外荷兰的EI99两种方法比较了新兴装饰材料铝塑板和单铝板的相对环境负荷。采用EI99方法得出的铝塑板与单铝板的环境负荷的相对值与采用国内杨建新LCA方法计算得出的结果近似相等，由此可知，如果为了检验某种评价方法的准确性时，对类似产品/材料进行环境影响评估对比，采用两套以上的方法加以相对误差比较的做法是可行的。     

生命周期评价法在我国生物质材料领域中的应用

生命周期评价(Life Circle Assessment,简称LCA)是一种面向产品的环境管理评估系统,已纳入ISO 14000环境管理系列标准,在我国生物质材料相关领域的应用始于本世纪。归纳了LCA在我国生物质材料方面的研究现状,针对目前我国生物质材料方面LCA应用的不足,提出了一些建议。     

面向包装企业的LCA数据管理信息系统的研究与开发

生命周期评价(LCA)作为ISO14000环境管理系列标准提出的一种环境管理思想和工具,在包装企业和政府环境管理中已获得越来越广泛的应用。为使LCA具有可操作性和简化,分析了国内外LCA数据库软件的不足,开发了具有开放性、可移植性、清单分析和影响评价相结合、可拓展性和定性定量评价相结合五大特点的LCA数据管理信息系统。     

包装环境性能评价模式的原理及适应性

对国内外包装环境性能评价的生命周期评价（LCA）法、加权简化定性LCA法、模糊层次分析的绿色度评价法和采用模糊神经网络的综合评价法4种评价模式的原理、特点及适应性进行了比较分析,并指出了比较的结论及建议。     

Strategic Thinking on a Revolution/an Evolution in Production and Consumption of Energy in China

This article summarizes the thinking behind the call for a revolution/an evolution in China's energy production and consumption. China is still a developing country, though it has experienced fast economic growth in the past thirty years. It achieved great accomplishments surprising the world, and it is also confronted with challenges on energy supply and environmental protection. As environmental pollution becomes more and more serious, the energy challenges have become more and more complicated. With this in mind, the authors analyzed China's energy situation, China's energy supply and consumption, the world energy map, China's commitment both to improving its domestic environment and fulfilling its international obligations to control climate change. Action plans are presented to support the call for a revolution/an evolution in China's energy production and consumption as an effective assurance for China's ambitious goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.     

物理学与中国能源可持续发展——献给2005世界物理年

物理学与工程技术有着密切的相互联系，能源工程技术与物理学的关系具有典型的代表性，物理学的应用可以对我国能源事业的发展做出重要的贡献。文章着重阐述了原子核物理学和核能工程（包括裂变核能和聚变核能），光电效应与光伏发电，风能、生物质能与物理学，物理化学与煤的多联产、洁净化技术，地球物理学与能源资源勘探等能源问题；讨论了物理学在节能中的三个应用：节能照明、建筑节能和交通节能；分析了中国能源的可持续发展前景     

中国材料生命周期分析数据库开发及应用

生命周期分析作为广泛使用的环境管理工具,用于定量化评价产品系统整个生命周期内的潜在环境影响,其具体应用需要大量的不同层次、不同地区和不同技术水平的相关环境负荷数据和评价方法体系数据的支撑。在系列国家科技计划的支撑下,调研了典型材料生产的环境负荷数据,开展了中国材料环境数据库(SinoCenter)的研究,建立了中国材料生命周期分析数据库平台。数据库包含公用系统,典型材料(钢铁、建筑材料、有色金属、高分子材料、联接材料)等70多个数据集,近十万条环境负荷数据,并简要介绍了数据库的主要功能及数据库的技术和商业应用。     

环境协调性评价(LCA)方法研究进展

作为一种系统的环境管理工具，环境协调性评价（LCA）近年来得到了快速的发展。介绍了目前常用LCA的方法，并对我国LCA方法研究提出了建议。     

Eco-redesign of a personal electronic product subject to the energy-using product directive

It cannot be denied that environmental consciousness is becoming important. Ironically, legislation is probably the most satisfactory driver for pushing manufacturers to take environmental concerns into design considerations. In fact, the European Union introduced a new law (directive 2005/32/EC) for regulating the environmental consequences of all energy-using products (EuPs) in August 2007, the scope of which covers all products that rely on energy sources in any form for operation. Design alternatives are required in the product development stage so that environmental concerns can be considered as a decision parameter. In complying with the directive, life-cycle assessment (LCA) is a useful tool to draw conclusions and to compare the performance of alternatives. In this connection, a case study is carried out to assess the environmental impact of a personal electronic product through LCA, subject to the scope of the stated directive. The objectives of this paper are threefold: (i) to report the case in relation to the directive; (ii) to summarise the results of the LCA accordingly; and (iii) to suggest a new conceptual design and to compare the LCA of this new design with the original design.     

生命周期评估(LCA)与生态环境材料开发

生命周期评估（ＬＣＡ）已经发展成为系统评价产品整个生命周期过程环境影响的关键工具。详细介绍了生命周期评估及其研究现状,尤其是生态环境材料开发、材料生命周期评估、生命周期评估软件系统开发。最后就我国ＬＣＡ工作提出了建议。     

Life cycle assessment framework for asphalt pavements: methods to calculate and allocate energy of binder and additives

The construction, maintenance and disposal of asphalt pavements may lead to considerable environmental impacts, in terms of energy use and emissions during the life of the pavement. In order to enable quantification of the potential environmental impacts due to construction, maintenance and disposal of roads, an open life cycle assessment (LCA) framework for the asphalt pavements is presented in this paper. Emphasis was placed on the calculation and allocation of energy used for binder and additives at the project level. It was concluded from this study that when progressing from LCA to its corresponding life cycle cost, the feedstock energy of the binder becomes highly relevant as the cost of the binder will be reflected in its alternative value as fuel. Regarding additives like wax, a framework for energy allocation was suggested. The suggested project level LCA framework was demonstrated in a limited case study of a Swedish asphalt pavement. It was concluded that the asphalt production and transporting materials were the two most energy-consuming processes, emitting most greenhouse gases depending on the fuel type and electricity mix.     

The importance of energy in environmental life cycle assessments of packaging materials

By comparing existing studies and additional scenario calculations it was shown that energy data plays a central role in environmental life cycle assessments (LCA) of packaging materials. More attention should be paid to correctly linking environmental data from energy studies to packaging LCA, if possible adapting the data base to the local conditions. In general terms, it was shown that it is possible to calculate energy and packaging systems separately, because of the predominantly static links between the two. Scenario calculations show that the potential for reducing the environmental impact of packaging production by the use of cleaner energies is still considerable.     

绿色包装的评价手段——生命周期评价法

将运用纸和塑料包装的具体事例进行绿色包装评估体系的介绍-生命周期评估方法（LifeCycleAssessment)，它作为一种新型的管理工具，注重对包装的全过程分析，通过对生命周期评估方法的目标和范围界定，清单分析，影响评价和改善评价在纸塑包装上的初步探讨，为包装开发生产提供决策支持，使LCA这一环境管理工具得到重视，从而促进可持续发展和国际贸易的需要。