Adaptive transmit antenna selection with pragmatic space-time trellis codes

We consider the problem of selecting a subset of transmit antennas in MIMO systems to minimize error probability when only partial channel information is available at the transmitter. An upper bound for error probability of space-time coded transmit antenna selection scheme conditioned on the channel state information is presented. Based on the performance analysis, a criterion of selecting a subset of available transmit antennas to minimize the upper bound on the PEP is proposed. In contrast to other transmit antenna selection schemes for uncoded transmission or with a fixed number of antennas within the selection subset in the literature, the proposed scheme can adaptively select both a variable number of transmit antennas and their corresponding space-time codes for transmission. Furthermore, we present pragmatic space-time trellis coding schemes for slow Rayleigh fading channels. The principal advantage of the schemes is that a single encoder and decoder can be used for systems with a variable number of transmit antennas. The performance of the pragmatic space-time codes with adaptive antenna selection and the effect of the imperfect channel estimation on performance are evaluated by simulations. It is shown that the adaptive selection offers considerable antenna selection gain relative to the antenna selection system with a fixed number of antennas within the selection subset     

接近最优的编码MIMO系统的发送天线子集选择算法

多天线无线系统可提供更大的信道容量和更好的抗衰落能力,发送端利用反馈的部分信道状态信息进行发送天线子集选择能够进一步提高信道容量。该文提出了一种MIMO系统的快速的、动态的天线子集选择算法,其提供的信道容量高于已有的静态算法,且接近于最优天线选择算法,而无需计算所有可能的天线子集组合的信道容量,因而具有更低的复杂度。将本文算法与比特交织编码调制(BICM)技术相结合,对各天线速率进行适配,提出了空时自适应比特交织编码调制(ST-ABICM)方案。仿真结果证实了该方案性能的优越性。     

On optimum MIMO with antenna selection

Wireless communication systems with transmit and receive antenna arrays are studied when antenna selection is used. A case with very limited feedback of information from the receiver to the transmitter is considered, where the only information fed back is the selected subset of transmit antennas to be employed. It is shown that the optimum signaling, for largest ergodic capacity with antenna selection, is generally different from that which is optimum without antenna selection for some range of signal-to-noise ratios.     

基于天线选择和功率分配的联合迭代优化算法

当使用所有天线进行无线数据传输时，大规模多输入多输出（Multiple-Input multiple-Output,MIMO）系统中的基站需要使用与天线数相同的射频链路，导致系统的实现复杂度增加，降低了系统的能效。针对能效降低的问题，提出了一种天线选择和功率分配的联合迭代优化算法。该算法在给定初始发送功率的条件下，随机生成一个天线集合作为内循环的初始值，内循环每次从余下的天线集合中选择一根具有最大能效的天线进行替换，得出最优天线集合，求出相应的最优发送功率，并以此作为下次外循环发送功率的初始值。仿真结果表明，所提算法在降低计算复杂度的前提下，几乎可以达到近似于最优穷举搜索算法的能效性能。     

Combined transmit antenna selection and detection over spatial correlated MIMO systems

In this paper a method that combines transmit antenna selection and reduced-constellation detection in spatially correlated Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) fading channels is presented. To mitigate the performance degradation caused by the use of antenna selection that is based on correlation among columns, an iterative receiver scheme that uses only a subset of the constellation points close to the expected symbol value estimated in the previous iteration is proposed. The size of the subset can adapt to the maximum correlation of the sub-matrix after the simple antenna selection. Furthermore, the error rate performance of the scheme under linear Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) or Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation (OSIC) for the first run detection and different interleaver lengths is investigated while the transmit antenna selection is considered. The simulation results show a sig- nificant advantage both for implementation complexity and for error rate performance under a fixed data rate.     

Interference Mitigation in MIMO Systems by Subset Antenna Transmission

This paper investigates subset antenna transmission (SAT) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems in the presence of strong dominant co-channel interferer. The capacity gain from SAT is investigated in the context of optimal antenna subset selection and power allocation. The SAT does not require channel state information of the co-channel interference, and achieves capacity gains by distributing the transmit power equally over a selected subset of the transmit antennas. The capacity gain of the SAT method is analyzed in terms of transmit power and eigenvalues of channel matrix, and its performance in V-BLAST MIMO systems with various signal constellations is evaluated by computer simulation.     

基于分布式天线选择的TD—SCDMA动态小区覆盖技术

分布式M IMO天线结构可以降低发射功率,减少小区干扰,而天线选择技术在保持了M IMO系统优点的同时降低成本。TD-SCDMA有独特的时隙结构,可将不同时隙用于不同的天线组来覆盖不同的小区。基于此,提出了一种分布式天线选择的动态小区覆盖技术,采用两级天线选择,第一级可根据用户的具体位置选择天线组并确定覆盖范围,有效减少小区干扰,同时采用了预分配天线组方法,避免了通用天线选择算法的复杂性;第二级在选定的天线组内确定具体的天线,仿真结果说明该方法具有与一般天线选择相同的性能但更简单。     

Turbo-BLAST系统中天线选择和功率分配算法

提出一种适用于Turbo-BLAST系统的自适应天线选择和功率分配算法,所提算法以误比特率为优化目标,并且考虑了信道估计误差的影响.在总功率约束条件下,采用所提算法进行天线选择和自适应功率分配,并利用软干扰抵消算法对接收信号进行迭代检测,以进一步改善系统性能.仿真结果表明:采用所提算法可以显著改善系统的误比特率性能.     

关于MIMO系统的天线子集选择性能的研究

讨论了有关 MIMO 无线系统中的天线子集选择性能的问题。首先建立了 MIMO 信道模型,对信道模型进行了分析,接着对信道矩阵为非满秩的情况进行了研究,分别采用几种组合对发射、接收天线进行选择,得出不同组合对信道容量的影响。仿真结果表明,选择发射天线可以增加信道容量,选择接收天线虽然无助于增加信道容量,但在不会严重降低信道容量的前提下,可以降低系统的成本。     

一种移动终端多天线方向图重构快速选择算法与基于滑动时间窗的加速实现

 多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中,天线选择技术可以在降低复杂度的同时,有效地提高系统的性能.但对于天线安装空间受限的小型终端,天线的数目将受到很大限制,本文结合方向图可重构技术,考虑基于线性接收机的空间复用系统,通过在已选择的发射天线上采用等功率分配等增益传输以减少反馈信息量.在此条件下,推导出空间相关衰落信道下自适应发射天线选择的统计容量公式下限,然后,在此基础上提出基于方向图重构的发射天线快速选择方法以最大化该容量值.此外,在实现中提出了一种基于滑动时间窗的梯度更新估计模型,缩短了算法所需时间.     

一种用于MIMO系统的快速天线选择算法

在多径衰落环境中, MIMO系统的信道容量随天线数的增加呈线性增加,发射/接收天线选择方法能以很小的性能损失换取射频成本的大幅度降低,使MIMO系统不完全受射频成本的限制。为快速选择出使系统容量最优的发射/接收天线子集,该文提出一种快速天线选择算法的改进算法。该算法通过实时更新优化参数,大大降低计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,该算法在不影响系统容量的情况下大大减少了计算时间。     

Spatial multiplexing with transmit antenna and constellation selection for correlated MIMO fading channels

We consider spatial multiplexing systems in correlated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels with equal power allocated to each transmit antenna. Under this constraint, the number and subset of transmit antennas together with the transmit symbol constellations are determined assuming knowledge of the channel correlation matrices. We first consider a fixed data rate system and vary the number of transmit antennas and constellation such that the minimum margin in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is maximized for linear and Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) receivers. We also derive transmit antenna and constellation selection criteria for a successive interference cancellation receiver (SCR) with a fixed detection order and a variable number of bits transmitted on each substream. Compared with a system using all available antennas, performance results show significant gains using a subset of transmit antennas, even for independent fading channels. Finally, we select a subset of transmit antennas to maximize data rate given a minimum SNR margin. A lower bound on the maximum outage data rate is derived. The maximum outage data rate of the SCR receiver is seen to be close to the outage channel capacity.     

Energy efficiency of massive MIMO wireless communication systems with antenna selection

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) requires a large number (tens or hundreds) of base station antennas serving for much smaller number of terminals, with large gains in energy efficiency and spectral efficiency compared with traditional MIMO technology. Large scale antennas mean large scale radio frequency (RF) chains. Considering the plenty of power consumption and high cost of RF chains, antenna selection is necessary for Massive MIMO wireless communication systems in both transmitting end and receiving end. An energy efficient antenna selection algorithm based on convex optimization was proposed for Massive MIMO wireless communication systems. On the condition that the channel capacity of the cell is larger than a certain threshold, the number of transmit antenna, the subset of transmit antenna and servable mobile terminals (MTs) were jointly optimized to maximize energy efficiency. The joint optimization problem was proved in detail. The proposed algorithm is verified by analysis and numerical simulations. Good performance gain of energy efficiency is obtained comparing with no antenna selection.     

Robust Transmit Antenna Selection with Phase Feedback Over Correlated Fading Channels

A new transmit antenna selection (TAS) scheme with phase feedback for multiple-input multiple-output systems is proposed in this paper. This scheme allows two or more transmit antennas to simultaneously use one radio frequency chain. By grouping the transmit antennas according to their similarities in instantaneous channel coefficients into two subsets and treating each subset as a single antenna, both hardware complexity reduction and antenna array gain can be achieved. Compared with the transmit antenna selection combined with space-time block code (TAS/STBC) scheme, the proposed TAS scheme provides excellent robustness, in terms of symbol error rate performance, against spatially correlated fading channels. Moreover, the proposed TAS scheme need not use STBC encoder and decoder which used in the TAS/STBC schemes. Therefore, the proposed TAS scheme is simpler than the TAS/STBC schemes in practical hardware implementation.     

Antenna selection in MIMO systems

Multiple-antenna systems, also known as multiple-input multiple-output radio, can improve the capacity and reliability of radio communication. However, the multiple RF chains associated with multiple antennas are costly in terms of size, power, and hardware. Antenna selection is a low-cost low-complexity alternative to capture many of the advantages of MIMO systems. This article reviews classic results on selection diversity, followed by a discussion of antenna selection algorithms at the transmit and receive sides. Extensions of classical results to antenna subset selection are presented. Finally, several open problems in this area are pointed out.     

Antenna selection for spatial multiplexing systems with linearreceivers

Future cellular systems will employ spatial multiplexing with multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to take advantage of large capacity gains. In such systems it will be desirable to select a subset of available transmit antennas for link initialization, maintenance or handoff. We present a criterion for selecting the optimal antenna subset when linear, coherent receivers are used over a slowly varying channel. We propose use of the post-processing SNRs (signal to noise ratios) of the multiplexed streams whereby the antenna subset that induces the largest minimum SNR is chosen. Simulations demonstrate that our selection algorithm also provides diversity advantage thus making linear receivers useful over fading channels     

Fast antenna subset selection in MIMO systems

Multiple antenna wireless communication systems have recently attracted significant attention due to their higher capacity and better immunity to fading as compared to systems that employ a single-sensor transceiver. Increasing the number of transmit and receive antennas enables to improve system performance at the price of higher hardware costs and computational burden. For systems with a large number of antennas, there is a strong motivation to develop techniques with reduced hardware and computational costs. An efficient approach to achieve this goal is the optimal antenna subset selection. In this paper, we propose a fast antenna selection algorithm for wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Our algorithm achieves almost the same outage capacity as the optimal selection technique while having lower computational complexity than the existing nearly optimal antenna selection methods. The optimality of the proposed technique is established in several important specific cases. A QR decomposition-based interpretation of our algorithm is provided that sheds a new light on the optimal antenna selection problem.     

简明的联合收发端天线选择算法

For reducing the computational complexity of the problem of joint transmit and receive antenna selection in Multiple-Input- Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, we present a concise joint transmit/receive antenna selec-tion algorithm. Using a novel partition of the channel matrix, we drive a concise formula. This formula enables us to augment the chan-nel matrix in such a way that the computational complexity of the greedy Joint Transmit/Receive Antenna Selection (JTRAS) algorithm is reduced by a factor of 4nL, where nL is the number of selected antennas. A de-coupled version of the proposed algorithm is also proposed to further improve the efficien-cy of the JTRAS algorithm, with some capacity degradation as a tradeoff. The computational complexity and the perform-ance of the proposed approaches are evalu-ated mathematically and verified by computer simulations. The results have shown that the proposed joint antenna selection algorithm maintains the capacity perormance of the JTRAS algorithm while its computational complexity is only 1/4nL of that of the JTRAS algorithm. The decoupled version of the proposed algorithm further reduces the computational complexity of the joint antenna selection and has better performance than other decoupling-based algorithms when the selected antenna subset is small as compared to the total number of antennas.     

基于最大比合并的MIMO分集系统递增天线选择算法

MIMO分集系统天线选择技术可以在不增加系统射频链路的情况下,达到与全天线几乎相同的分集增益.针对发送端采用最大比发送,接收端采用最大比合并的MIMO分集系统,提出了一种递增天线选择方法,每次增加一根天线,并使得它与已选出的天线结合起来具有最大的信噪比增益.相对于对所有可用天线集进行遍历的最优算法,它减小了需要搜索的范围和每次搜索的计算量,降低了复杂度;相对于功控天线选择算法,它考虑了新增天线与已选出天线集之间的相关性,改善了性能.仿真结果表明,在误比特率、信道容量和信噪比增益方面,此算法和最优算法性能相近,且不随可用天线数和选出天线数的改变而改变.     

Improved generalized spatial modulation via antenna selection

When a high spectral efficiency is needed, the cost of Euclidean distance‐based antenna selection for spatial modulation (EDAS‐SM) in terms of hardware, size, and computational complexity is significantly increased because of the large transmit antenna array required. In comparison, generalized spatial modulation (GSM) can match the spectral efficiency of EDAS‐SM, while using significantly fewer transmit antenna elements. However, the error performance of GSM is naturally limited because of the use of a predetermined and fixed set of transmit antenna combinations. By exploiting knowledge of the channel, the optimal set of transmit antenna combinations can be selected by maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance between transmit vectors. In this paper, an adaptive scheme for selection of the optimal set of transmit antenna combinations is proposed to improve the reliability of GSM. The computational overhead of the said scheme is relatively high; hence, a low‐complexity suboptimal scheme for selection of the set of transmit antenna combinations is further proposed. The improved GSM schemes address the spectral efficiency limitation of EDAS‐SM, while demonstrating superior error performance.