Broad-banding technique for in-phase hybrid ring equal powerdivider

A broad-banding technique for in-phase equal power divider is described. Detailed comparisons between the proposed variants of power dividers and the conventional in-phase power divider are also performed. Based on the 15-dB input and output return losses criteria, it is noted that a maximum impedance bandwidth of 44.3% for an amplitude error of ±0.9 dB and a phase error of ±1.8° can be achieved, for the first time, for divider with length more than 3λ/2 ring impedance transformer. A systematic design technique that relaxes some of the conventional constraint in in-phase hybrid ring equal power divider design, is also described     

Hybrid-ring power divider/combiner bandwidth enhancement by matching networks

A procedure for synthesizing matching networks (MNs) placed at the inputs of hybrid-ring power divider/combiners (HRPDCs) has been developed. It is shown that, with five-section MNs connected to the HRPDC inputs, the HRPDC bandwidth approaches its theoretical limit.     

Broadband multilayer in-phase power divider

A new broadband in-phase power divider based on multilayer technology is presented. A simple design procedure is developed for the proposed multilayer power divider. An S-band four-way multilayer power divider was designed and measured. The simulated results are compared with the measured data, and good agreement is reported. The measured 15 dB return loss bandwidth is demonstrated to be about 72%, and its phase difference between the output signals is less than 3deg.     

Experimental woodpile EBG waveguides, bends and power dividers at microwave frequencies

Experimental waveguides, bends and power dividers in the woodpile electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) material at Ku-band are demonstrated. Prototypes are fabricated from alumina, and use an efficient waveguide transition to enable high quality measurements. Low-loss transmission is demonstrated for a waveguide and a 90/spl deg/ bend, and near equal power division shown for a woodpile EBG waveguide power divider. The components have the potential to be scaled for applications at millimetre-wave and terahertz frequencies     

Three-way out-of-phase power divider

For the first time, a novel three-way out-of-phase power divider designed based on the double-sided parallel-strip line (DSPSL), is proposed. The outputs provide one in-phase port and two out-of-phase, which are largely insensitive to frequency variations over a broad bandwidth. The total length of the circuit is half a wavelength. The design procedure of the power divider is given. Experimental results show that the power divider can achieve good matching, high isolation, balanced amplitude, and an approximately constant phase difference from 1 to 2.6 GHz.     

Split-Tee Power Divider

A new type of power divider is described which provides two in-phase isolated outputs with a constant arbitrary power division over a wide bandwidth. The derivation of the formulas from which the unit may be deisgned and its performance predicted are given. The bandwidth characteristics of a two-third, one-third power divider are given along with experimental verification.     

A Parallel-Strip Ring Power Divider With High Isolation and Arbitrary Power-Dividing Ratio

In this paper, a new power divider concept, which provides high flexibility of transmission line characteristic impedance and port impedance, is proposed. This power divider is implemented on a parallel-strip line, which is a balanced transmission line. By implementing the advantages and uniqueness of the parallel-strip line, the divider outperforms the conventional divider in terms of isolation bandwidths. A swap structure of the two lines of the parallel-strip line is employed in this design, which is critical for the isolation enhancements. A lumped-circuit model of the parallel-strip swap including all parasitic effects has been analyzed. An equal power divider with center frequency of 2 GHz was designed to demonstrate the idea. The experimental results show that the equal power divider has 96.5% -10-dB impedance bandwidth with more than 25-dB isolation and less than 0.7-dB insertion loss. In order to generalize the concept with an arbitrary power ratio, we also realize unequal power dividers with the same isolation characteristics. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed power divider will increase with the dividing ratio, which is opposite to the conventional Wilkinson power divider. Unequal dividers with dividing ratios of 1 : 2 and 1 : 12 are designed and measured. Additionally, a frequency independent 180 power divider has been realized with less than 2 phase errors.     

A Double-Surface Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure With One Surface Embedded in Power Plane for Ultra-Wideband SSN Suppression

In this letter, a double-surface electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure with one EBG surface embedded in power plane is proposed for ultra-wideband simultaneous switching noise (SSN) suppression in printed circuit boards. The SSN suppression bandwidth is broadened to wider than 30 GHz with a low start frequency by combining traditional EBG structure and the coplanar EBG structure which is embedded in the power plane. Because the coplanar EBG surface is embedded in the power plane, no additional metal layer is introduced by the double-surface EBG structure. Simulations and measurements are performed to verify the broadband SSN suppression, high performance is observed.     

一种新型宽带环形电桥耦合器设计

传统四端口环形电桥耦合器的带宽只有10%到20%。为了获得更大的带宽,本文提出了一种改进型环形电桥耦 合器。通过额外增加一个隔离臂,新设计可以工作在整个W波段。在此基础上,本文在输入臂上加入了一个切角来改善 输出信号的隔离度。仿真研究结果表明,在75GHz 到110GHz,两输出信号的幅度不平衡度小于0.07dB,相位不平衡度小 于0.37 度。相比于未作切角处理的五端口环形电桥,新设计输出端口的隔离度在全频段内大于15.07dB。改进型耦合器 可以应用于W波段平衡调制器以及其他需要高输出隔离度的W波段功率分配系统。     

Design and Experimental investigation of an antenna array based on EBG waveguides

Problems of the design of a centimeter-band antenna array containing a multichannel power divider based on EBG waveguides and helical radiators are considered. The general configuration of such an array is proposed. The properties of this array and the requirements on the array elements are analyzed. Features of the design of two-channel and four-channel elementary power dividers forming the multichannel power divider are studied. The structure and the parameters of these devices are determined. The array input part is designed in the form of a coaxial-to-waveguide transition (CWT) with equal power division. The CWT characteristics obtained with the use of numerical simulation are compared with experimental data. The results of the experimental investigation of a 16-element thinned antenna array in the frequency band 8–10 GHz are presented.     

Design and experimental investigation of radiators for antenna arrays based on EBG waveguides

Problems of the design of a centimeter-band antenna array containing a multichannel power divider based on EBG waveguides and helical radiators are considered. The general configuration of such an array is proposed. The properties of this array and the requirements on the array elements are analyzed. Features of the design of two-channel and four-channel elementary power dividers forming the multichannel power divider are studied. The structure and the parameters of these devices are determined. The array input part is designed in the form of a coaxial-to-waveguide transition (CWT) with equal power division. The CWT characteristics obtained with the use of numerical simulation are compared with experimental data. The results of the experimental investigation of a 16-element thinned antenna array in the frequency band 8–10 GHz are presented.     

A novel power plane with super-wideband elimination of ground bounce noise on high speed circuits

A novel L-bridged electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) power/ground planes is proposed with super-wideband suppression of the ground bounce noise (GBN) from 600Mz to 4.6GHz. The L-shaped bridge design on the EBG power plane not only broadens the stopband bandwidth, but also can increase the mutual coupling between the adjacent EBG cells by significantly decreasing the gap between the cells. It is found the small gap design can prevent from the severe degradation of the signal quality for the high-speed signal referring to the perforated EBG power plane. The excellent GBN suppression performance with keeping reasonably good signal integrity for the proposed structure is validated both experimentally and numerically. Good agreement is seen.     

Fully integrated unequal Wilkinson power divider with EBG CPW

In this paper, a CPW with electromagnetic bandgap (EBG CPW) is newly proposed for designing a transmission line with high impedance. After designing, fabricating, and evaluating the characteristic impedance of the proposed EBG CPW transmission line, it will be applied to an integrated unequal Wilkinson power divider. In the EM simulation, the EBG-CPW transmission line with 10 /spl mu/m in line width has the same characteristic impedance as a CPW with a line width of 2.5 /spl mu/m. The insertion and return losses of the fabricated power divider with a power ratio of 1 to 3 are less than -0.7 dB and -15 dB, respectively. It also has excellent isolation characteristics with more than -20 dB. The experimental results are good agreement with the simulation.     

CPW无空气桥功分器设计及其在阵列天线中的应用

针对传统微带圆极化阵列天线存在带宽较窄、尺寸较大等问题,提出一种新颖的基于共面波导(CPW)槽线转换结构的无空气桥功分器,并基于此功分器设计了一款紧凑型高定向性圆极化阵列天线。设计的共面波导功分器利用共面波导奇模式方法实现了能量分配,不需使用空气桥结构及四分之一波长匹配线,因此尺寸更加紧凑,结构更加简单。利用此功分器设计的圆极化阵列天线剖面厚度仅为1 mm,轴比带宽为4.14%,阻抗带宽为7.03%;在5.8 GHz时,实测增益为8.412 dBi,在保证低剖面、小尺寸的同时,可提供足够的工作带宽以及天线增益。     

Implementation of a Microstrip Square Planar $N$-Way Metamaterial Power Divider

This paper describes a compact square-shaped 20-way metamaterial power divider implemented in microstrip technology and lumped capacitors and inductors. The divider comprises 12 square tiles exhibiting left-handed behavior and 13 square tiles exhibiting right-handed behavior arranged in a checkerboard tessellation (or mosaic). The divider relies upon the infinite wavelength phenomena in two dimensions and this requires the left-handed tiles have an insertion phase between any two of its sides equal to, but with opposite sign, of that of the right-handed tiles. To achieve tessellation, both tile types must be the same size. The design method is based upon an analytic formulation, and was applied to the realization of a 20-way power divider operating at 1 GHz that uses surface-mount lumped components. The resulting divider was 50 mm by 50 mm. Over a 10% bandwidth, the measured insertion loss was less than 1.3 dB, the measured couplings track within plusmn1 dB and plusmn6deg , and the measured input port return loss and isolation was greater than 20 dB. This level of isolation was achieved without isolation resistors. Equal in-phase power division to output ports on the square-shaped periphery allows compact integration with other planar circuit modules in a combined amplifier. The design method can be extended to N-way power division where N is an odd integer multiple of 4.     

Ultra-Wideband Mitigation of Simultaneous Switching Noise Using Novel Planar Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures

A novel design of power/ground plane with planar electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures for suppressing simultaneous switching noise (SSN) is presented. The novel design is based on using meander lines to increase the effective inductance of EBG patches. A super cell EBG structure, comprising two different topologies on the same board, is proposed to extend the lower edge of the band. Both novel designs proposed here are validated experimentally. A$-$28dB suppression bandwidth starting at 250MHz and extending to 12GHz and beyond is achieved.     

A MICROSTRIP PROBE COAXIAL WAVEGUIDE POWER DIVIDER/COMBINER

A novel power divider/combiner using microstrip probes array in the oversized coaxial waveguide is proposed in this paper. The simple electromagnetic modeling of this power dividing/combining structure has been developed. Analysis based on equivalent circuits gives the design formula for perfect power dividing/combining. A four-way waveguide power divider has been designed and fabricated. The measured results agree well with the simulated results. The measured 15-dB return loss bandwidth of this waveguide power divider is demonstrated to be 28.6% and its 0.5-dB insertion loss bandwidth 41.3%.     

Coupled line power divider with compact size and bandpass response

The design and implementation of a new power divider using coupled microstrip lines are presented. The proposed divider can be considered as an integration of a single-stage coupled line bandpass filter and a conventional Wilkinson divider. The area of the divider layout is compact owing to the small width and spacing of the coupled lines. Two-way and three-way equal power dividers are designed for the bandwidth between 3-5 GHz having a measured power division of -3.2 and -5 dB, respectively.     

Design of Low-Profile Millimeter-Wave Substrate Integrated Waveguide Power Divider/Combiner

A low-profile millimeter-wave substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) power divider/combiner is presented in this paper. The simplified model of this compact SIW power dividing/combining structure has been developed. Analysis based on equivalent circuits gives the design formula for perfect power dividing/combining. In order to verify the validity of the design method, a four-way SIW power divider/combiner circuit operating at Ka band is designed, fabricated and measured. Good agreement between simulated and measured results is found for the proposed passive power divider/combiner. Experiments on the four-way passive divider/combiner back-to-back design demonstrate a minimum overall insertion loss of 1.5 dB at 31.1 GHz, corresponding to a power-combining efficiency of 84%. The measured 10-dB return loss bandwidth is demonstrated to be 2.2 GHz, and its 0.5-dB bandwidth was 2 GHz.     

一种适用于高速电路中SSN抑制的紧凑型电磁带隙新结构

该文根据电磁带隙(EBG)结构的带隙形成机理以及共面EBG结构的等效电路,提出了一种适用于高速电路中同步开关噪声(SSN)抑制的紧凑型EBG结构,使用Ansoft HFSS对该结构进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明在抑制深度为-30 dB时,阻带范围为0.6-6.4 GHz,阻带带宽为5.8 GHz,与传统的L-bridge结构相比,阻带带宽增加了1.8 GHz,相对带宽增加了45%,实现了较低的带隙中心频率以及较宽的阻带带宽,并用Ansoft Designer通过时域仿真验证该结构具有较好的信号完整性。