电磁驱动熔体流动与枝晶变形断裂模拟

建立了电磁离心凝固过程熔体动量传递、传热和传质耦合数学模型，模拟计算了熔体在不同感应强度下的流动速度。计算结果表明，熔体在电磁力的作用下产生与铸模转动方向相反的流动，流动速度呈周期性分布，并且在凝固前沿达到最大，随着磁感应强度的增加，熔体流动速度达到的最大值也愈大，使用有限元软件ANSYS，把熔体流动计算结果作为参数，计算了枝品的受力状态，通过计算表明，熔体流过枝晶会在枝晶周围产生很大的速度变化，流体对枝晶的冲刷可使枝晶产生机械折断，电磁搅拌通过增加断裂枝晶数量促进柱状晶-等轴晶转变。     

连铸异钢种连浇中间包内钢液流动的数值模拟

本文针对某钢厂异钢种连浇过程中中间包内钢液的混合过程进行了数值模拟,分析比较了液面高度和拉速对混浇时间和过渡坯长度的影响.结果表明:增加拉速,降低液面,减少中间包内剩余钢水量,有利于缩短混浇时间,减小过渡坯长度.同时,在各工况条件下,近流混浇时间最短,中流较长,远流最长.     

电磁搅拌作用下弧形结晶器流场的数值模拟

研究了双侧孔浸入式水口条件下,弧形结晶器内流场受电磁搅拌作用的影响。建立了圆坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌过程的电磁场和流场数学模型,分别采用有限元和有限体积法进行数值求解,讨论不同电参数下结晶器内流场分布特点。结果表明：电磁力在水平面沿圆周方向呈非对称分布,竖直面上呈“中间大,两头小”分布;电磁搅拌作用使得结晶器内流场除出现上回流区外,还产生主回流区和下回流区,促进钢水流动,有利于等轴晶的形成和热传递;励磁电流强度是影响电磁搅拌作用的主要因素,频率的影响效果有限,最佳搅拌参数是[I＝200 A,][f＝3 Hz。]     

Numerical simulation on multiple pouring process for a 292 t steel ingot简

A ladle-tundish-mould transportation model considering the entire multiple pouring （MP） process is proposed.Numerical simulation is carried out to study the carbon distribution and variation in both the tundish and the mould for making a 292 t steel ingot.Firstly,the fluid flow as well as the heat and mass transfer of the molten steel in the tundish is simulated based on the multiphase transient turbulence model.Then,the carbon mixing in the mould is calculated by using the species concentration at the tundish outlet as the inlet condition during the teeming process.The results show a high concentration of carbon at the bottom and a low concentration of carbon at the top of the mould after a MP process with carbon content high in the first ladle and low in the last ladle.Such carbon concentration distribution would help reduce the negative segregation at the bottom and the positive segregation at the top of the solidified ingot.     

A numerical analysis of fluid flow, heat transfer and solidification in the bending-type square billet continuous casting process

A numerical modeling system was developed which can simulate the transport phenomena of a bending type square billet continuous casting process. Fluid flow and heat transfer were analyzed with a 3-dimensional finite volume method (FVM) with the aid of an effective heat capacity algorithm for the solidification. For a complex geometry of the bending type billet caster, a body-fitted-coordinate (BFC) system was employed. The bent structure of the caster allows a recirculating flow to develop in the upper and outer-radius region and the main stream to shift toward inner radius. This causes the thinner solid shell in the inner radius region than in the outer one. Besides standard operation conditions, we have analyzed the results when casting speed, caster shape, and tundish superheat changes. Lower casting speed makes the solid shell thicker by reducing heat flux from the mold. In the vertical caster, solid shell thickness are more uniform than that in the bending-type in entire region. When superheat increases by 5°C, solid shell thickness at the mold exit becomes thinner by 1 mm.     

Fluid flow analysis in horizontal continuous casting tundish

Water model studies were carried out to analyze fluid flow characteristics in a horizontal continuous casting tundish. The effects of LSN (ladle submerged nozzle) and dams on the flow pattems in a tundish were investigated and casting speeds were also changed as experimental parameters. Dye injection experiments were made to observe qualitative flow patterns and mixing characteristics in a continuous flowing tundish. And quantitative analyses of RTD (residence time distribution) curves using tracer pulse injection were also made to calculate the dead volume fraction in the water model tundish under consideration. From the results it was found that flow modification devices with an open stream have little effect on the flow patterns in the tundish, whether the dam is installed or not. This was confirmed by the flow visualization method showing upward flow near falling stream driven by the buoyancy force caused by air entrapment during liquid falling. However when LSN was installed between a ladle and a tundish there was a great change in flow pattern and a bypassing flow that existed in bare tundish was decreased with the use of dams. Especially, dead volume fraction was decreased with the increase of dam height.     

PIV技术在中间包和结晶器流场模拟中的应用

针对异断面浇注,即同一板坯双流中间包内浇铸时,各流拉速和断面不同,生产不同规格铸坯的问题,采用用粒子成像测速技术（Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV）研究了钢液在中间包、结晶器水模型中的流场行为。根据PIV流场测速结果表明：断面尺寸差为200 mm时,中间包两流浇铸区平均流动速度相差约5.83%、最大速度相差约1.22%,结晶器流场差异不大,可进行异断面浇铸;断面尺寸差为1 100 mm时,中间包两流浇铸区流场速度差异最大约为50%,两流结晶器射流区平均速度、钢液冲击深度、涡心高度差异较大,不利于两流浇铸一致性,不建议进行异断面浇铸。     

板坯连铸结晶器流场及液面波动水模研究

以我国实际生产的某结晶器为原型,建立1∶1有机玻璃水模型,模拟研究了结晶器断面和中间包液位对板坯连铸结晶器流场形态和结晶器液面波动的影响。中间包液位改变了水口出口的压力从而使结晶器流场和液面波动发生变化。通过实验研究进一步认识了板坯连铸结晶器液面波动及其影响因素,并用以指导高质量连铸坯的生产。     

Study and Development on Numerical Simulation for Application of Electromagnetic Field Technology in Metallurgical ProcessesEI北大核心CSCD

The application of electromagnetic fields is an important way to control the physical and chemical changes of heat transfer, mass transfer, fluid flow and solidification in metallurgical and material preparation processes. It is of great significance to improve the production efficiency and product quality. In this paper, the authors summarize the research contents and progress of numerical simulation on several typical applications of electromagnetic technology in metallurgical fields in recent years, including the electromagnetic steel-teeming technology using induction heating and induction heating technology of a tundish, the applications of electromagnetic force such as the electromagnetic swirling technology in submerged entry nozzle, the soft-contact mold electromagnetic continuous casting technology and the electromagnetic metallurgical technology for tundish, the influence and control of electromagnetic force on solidified structure evolution, and also the electromagnetic cold crucible technology with comprehensive utilization of induction heat and electromagnetic force. Numerical simulation, as an important research method, is a very important tool in finding out the mechanism and rules of electromagnetic fields during metallurgical and material preparation processes to predict, analyze, and optimize metallurgical processes.     

板坯电磁加热中间包钢液流动特性和结构优化

电磁加热中间包技术能有效补偿浇注钢液温降,实现恒温和低温浇注。为使电磁加热中间包技术能合理应用于双流板坯连铸,建立了相应的数学模型,研究了感应加热技术对中间包内流动和温度特性的影响。考察了挡墙-挡坝和通道角度等因素对钢液温度场和流动行为的影响。结果表明,通道式感应加热技术不能直接应用于双流板坯连铸,有必要优化中间包结构。电磁加热能显著提高中间包分配室内的钢液温度,但会产生短路流。挡墙-挡坝可有效减少短路流和均匀钢液温度。挡墙-挡坝与水口出口距离为0.5 m时,钢液流动状态较好,温度分布较均匀;增大通道展开角度不适用于双流板坯感应加热中间包。合理的加热功率模式可将浇注温度波动控制在5 K以内。     

COUPLED NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF STEEL FLOW AND SOLIDIFICATION IN SOFT-CONTACT BILLET MOLD

A coupled model including electromagnetic field, fluid dynamic, heat transfer and solidification, is developed and applied to the numerical simulation of steel flow and solidification in a 100mm×100mm soft-contact mold. In this study, the 3D finite difference method and non-staggered grid system for fluid flow with body fitted coordinate were employed. Numerical results show that the electromagnetic force mainly affects the steel flow at upper part of mold, especially in the vicinity of meniscus. There exist upward flows covering the surfaces of the billet due to the concentration of electromagnetic force on the upper part of the billet. This flows join together and form a downward flow near the SEN, so a distinct circulating flow zone is formed at upper part of mold. After applying electromagnetic force, the steel velocity is improved and the temperature is raised. The strong stirring of electromagnetic force on liquid steel makes the kinetic energy on free surface increase. It is clearly seen that the     

方坯结晶器内钢液凝固及电磁制动的数值模拟

利用电磁流体力学（MHD）的基本理论及Bennon的连续介质模型,给出了方坯结晶器内钢液凝固及电磁制动的三维数学模型、磁场、流场和温度场的数值模拟表明,与钢液流场速度方向相反的电磁力是电磁制动的 直接原因;感生电流主要是集中在钢液入口处及其附近区域;电磁力能有效地改变方坯结晶器内的流场和温度场的分布,造成制动区域的下部呈现活塞流状态,降低了结晶器内高温钢液区域的温度梯度,提高了弯月面附近特别是上角部区域钢液的温度,减薄了上部凝固壳厚度。     

连铸中间包内夹杂物去除机理的水模型研究

通过选择乳状液滴模拟夹杂物和连铸中间包水模型实验,考察了控流装置、浇铸速度及夹杂物粒径对中间包内夹杂物去除行为的影响规律.结果表明:挡墙-挡坝组合控流去除夹杂物效果最佳,中间包内强湍流区夹杂物的碰撞、聚合以及向上和表面流速的增加是主因;中间包注流区加入冲击槽,虽然其流体流动特征发生改变,但对夹杂物去除率的影响并不显著;浇铸速度较高时,仅靠控流装置的优化已不能很好地改善夹杂物的去除效果.     

3D NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW FIELD AND TEMPERATURE FIELD IN A ROUND BILLET CONTINUOUS CASTING MOLD WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC STIRRING

建立了描述圆坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌过程的三维数学模型. 采用有限元和有限体积结合的方法求解Maxwell方程组和湍流Navier-Stokes方程, 分析了结晶器电磁搅拌过程的磁场、流场、温度场和夹杂物轨迹特征, 并考虑了励磁电磁强度和频率的影响. 研究表明, 磁场模拟结果与现场实测数据一致, 电磁力在圆坯水平截面上呈周向分布. 钢液在结晶器纵截面内形成两对回流区, 且在水平截面内旋转流动; 过热钢液滞留在结晶器上部区域, 铸坯芯部温度迅速降低, 凝固前沿温度梯度提高; 大部分夹杂物积聚到结晶器上部区域旋转运动. 励磁电流强度和频率对结晶器内钢液的流动、温度分布及夹杂物运动均有明显影响.     

EMBr对高拉速薄板坯钢水动态行为影响的模拟

在高拉速薄板坯的生产工艺研究中,结晶器内钢水流场是决定坯壳均匀性、液面卷渣概率等铸坯质量问题的关键因素。EMBr能够显著改变钢水流场,是改善这些问题的关键工艺技术。因此,对结晶器内钢水流场的模拟、分析与优化是必不可少的工作。以往的研究中,相关的数据与理论指导较少,针对薄板坯无头轧制产线,高拉速连铸机的分析与研究更鲜有报道。因此基于该高拉速连铸机,采用数值模拟方法获得了结晶器内不同电磁制动电流强度的磁感强度分布。采用电磁与多相流耦合模式,针对不同磁感强度条件下的结晶器钢水流场分布与液面形貌进行了仿真模拟,并分析了电磁制动对液面波动的影响。结果表明,基于固定的工况环境,电磁制动电流值为175 A时钢水流场分布均匀,钢水液面流速相对最低,最高流速约为0.6 m/s,同时液面高度差与剪切角相对最小。该条件最有利于减少因坯壳不均或液面卷渣造成铸坯缺陷的概率。电流值225 A相比125 A时,钢水液面位置磁感强度仅提高0.02 T,液面到达稳定时间仅缩短约1 s。因此存在综合评判下的最优电流值。     

板坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌参数优化数值模拟研究

摘 要：采用数值模拟的方法,对电磁搅拌下板坯结晶器内的流场进行了计算,考察了不同连铸工艺和搅拌电流作用下的流场结构和分布特征,提出了自由液面的卷渣指数（MFEI）和结晶器内流场均匀性指数（VUI）,介绍了上述指数对板坯结晶器内流场电磁搅拌效果的判定方法,进而提出了搅拌参数的综合优化方法。     

独立可调式组合电磁制动分析

为了有效控制高拉速板坯结晶器内钢液流动和复杂多相流行为,介绍了一种新型的独立可调式组合电磁制动技术(FAC-EMBr)。采用数值模拟方法对FAC-EMBr结晶器内的电磁场特性和新型磁场控流行为进行研究。数值模拟结果表明,FAC-EMBr的施加可以在结晶器的上、下回流区和弯月面区域形成均匀分布的磁场,进而对3个主要区域内钢液流动进行控制;水平磁极和立式磁极的共同作用可以显著降低钢液射流对结晶器窄面冲击强度,减小上回流和下回流钢液流速;与未施加电磁制动和施加EMBr ruler相比,施加FAC-EMBr后,弯月面波高降低至14.5 mm,即使在高拉速条件下(2.2 m/min),FAC-EMBr的施加也可达到有效的控流效果。     

Influence of electromagnetic brake on flow field of liquid steel in the slab continuous casting mold

Metallurgical effect of electromagnetic brake (EMBR) could be influenced by many factors. A three-dimensional finite-volume mathematical model of region electromagnetic brake process has been built based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD). Three-dimensional numerical simulation is studied by using the commercial software. The results from numerical simulation show that flow field in the mold can be effectively controlled by electromagnetic brake; electromagnetic force is the motive power of braking, the effects of EMBR is associated directly with the intensity magnitude of magnetic field, the reciprocal position between magnetic field and acting region and casting speed, etc.     

大容量中间包电磁加热装备研制及其工业应用

针对中间包增设通道式感应加热装置,在不改变现有连铸机中间包冲击区和浇注区距离的条件下,进行中间包电磁感应加热装备的工业化研制。重点研究了中间包包壳上涡流的隔断、感应加热器加热效率、感应加热中间包耐火材料等问题。研究结果表明,采用涡流隔断技术能有效抑制包体涡流发热,较好地解决中间包包体涡流发热的问题。并且通过优化感应器的结构设计及采用气雾混合冷却等关键技术,实现了中间包感应加热技术的工业化运行及中间包钢水温度±3 ℃的精准控温。     

薄板坯连铸结晶器非稳态湍流大涡模拟研究

本文利用大涡模拟模型分析薄板坯连铸钢液非稳态湍流特性,其中非稳态湍流流动N-S方程采用盒式函数进行滤波处理,亚格子模型采用Smagorinsky-Lilly模型.将大涡模拟结果与粒子图像测速及超声探伤结果进行分析比较来校正模型.通过对薄板坯连铸过程进行数值分析,获得了结晶器内非稳态钢液湍流的流动特征,包括流场的漩涡分布及大涡拟序结构的形成、发展、脱落和破碎过程,并发现即使水口和结晶器在几何上完全对中,结晶器内湍流分布也不对称,偏流产生是必然的,同时导致弯月面较强的波动.随着非稳态时间的延长,结晶器内钢液偏流在两侧呈现周期性变化,周期约为40 s.