镁基插层结构功能材料研究进展

青海盐湖镁资源丰富,但长期未得到综合利用,造成镁资源严重浪费,同时影响了盐湖钾、锂等资源的开发。开展盐湖镁资源多品种、大规模高值利用,对于促进盐湖资源的综合开发具有重要意义。镁基插层结构功能材料是一类新型层状功能材料,通过对其微观结构、介观形貌和宏观性能等进行调控,已作为PVC热稳定剂、紫外阻隔材料及高效抑烟剂等被广泛应用于橡塑助剂、道路建设及高分子材料抑烟等领域。北京化工大学化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室围绕盐湖镁资源综合利用,开展了系统的插层结构设计与插层组装方法研究,突破了成核晶化隔离、原子经济反应等工程化关键技术,发展了多种镁基插层结构功能材料,并实现了大规模应用,为盐湖镁资源高值利用提供了新思路。     

插层复合法制备纳米复合相变贮能材料

研究了利用熔融插层法将癸酸插入到蒙脱土层间制备复合相变贮能材料的方法,探索了其适宜的制备条件,用XRD、IR、DSC对其结构及贮能性能进行了分析。实验结果表明：癸酸被有效地密封在蒙脱土层间,制得的材料是一种纳米复合相变贮能材料,具有良好的贮能性能,相变过程形态稳定。     

插层法制备硅酸盐层柱材料研究进展

本文概述了近年来以层状硅酸盐为前驱体采用插层法制备层柱材料的研究状况,分析了其热力学原理,介绍了硅酸盐层柱材料的主要用途,并对其今后的发展趋势做出了展望.     

熔融插层法制备聚合物/黏土纳米复合材料研究进展

对国内外熔融插层法制备聚合物／黏土纳米复合材料(PCN)的研究进展进行了介绍。介绍了影响PCN结构形态的几种因素;对熔融插层法制备PCN的热力学、动力学的研究进行了总结;介绍了熔融插层的机理和几种理论模型。并对聚合物／黏土纳米复合材料的开发及应用前景作出了展望。     

嵌入法制备聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究进展

本文介绍和对比了嵌入法制备聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的三种类型,与溶液嵌入法（包括单体嵌入聚合法和聚合物溶液嵌入法）相比,熔融嵌入法具有更广泛的适用性。并从热力学和动力学角度出发,分析了影响嵌入过程的各种因素。     

Intercalation of lecithins for preparation of layered nanohybrid materials and adsorption of limonene

The intercalation of biosurfactants (lysolecithin and lecithin) in layered clay mineral supports was investigated to assess the suitability of the resulting nanohybrid materials as flavor and fragrance delivery system. The protonated biosurfactant molecules (pH = 2.3) were intercalated into the Na-montmorillonite, whereas the deprotonated biosurfactants (pH ~ 12) were intercalated into Mg–Al layered double hydroxides. The amount of lysolecithin and lecithin bound to the layered adsorbents was estimated by measuring adsorption isotherms. The basal spacing obtained from X-ray diffraction measurements suggested that the molecules are arranged in parallel with the layers of montmorillonite, whereas in the case of layered double hydroxides, the adsorbed molecules are in a vertical position between the layers. The interaction of layered adsorbents and biosurfactants was further evidenced by infrared spectroscopy. The intercalated montmorillonite and LDH particles were then probed for their ability to intercalate limonene molecules. Only the lysolecithins modified samples adsorbed limonene. The theoretical sizes of molecules and their possible arrangement between the layers were modeled by HyperChem 7.0 molecular calculations to correlate the ability to bind the lecithins in the confined space of the layered materials.     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备研究

本文以聚丙烯和有机蒙脱土为原料，采用插层复合法制备聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料，用透射电镜对复合材料的结构进行表征，测定了复合材料的力学性能，结果表明，用马来酸酐化聚丙烯作界面相容剂，聚丙烯大分子链分子插层进入到有机改性蒙脱土的硅酸盐片层中间，并且聚丙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能有一定的提高。     

高岭石/苯甲酰胺插层复合物的制备和表征

在60℃下,高岭石与二甲基亚砜反应制备高岭石/二甲基亚砜插层复合物,使用X衍射分析、热分析、红外光谱分析对其进行表征。在140℃下,苯甲酰胺与高岭石/二甲基亚砜插层复合物反应4 d,得到高岭石/苯甲酰胺插层复合物,对其进行表征,然后与高岭石/二甲基亚砜插层复合物进行对比。结果表明：在没有二甲基亚砜作为前驱体的情况下,苯甲酰胺不能与高岭石直接进行反应;高岭石/苯甲酰胺插层复合物结构的稳定性好,是由于苯甲酰胺插层内羰基中的氧原子与高岭石层间表面上的铝硅酸盐形成氢键。     

月桂酸插层Mg/Al-NO3--LDHs及其摩擦性能评价

采用液相共沉淀法制备了Mg/Al-NO3--LDHs;以月桂酸为插层剂,采用离子交换法对合成产物进行了插层改性;采用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重及差热分析(TG-DTA)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积分析仪、四球摩擦实验机和齿轮实验机等对合成产物的结构和性能进行了评价。结果表明,插层前,晶体呈六方片状,晶片大小在50～70 nm,比表面积较大(137.66 m2/g)。月桂酸插层后,产物的通道高度增加,但比表面积显著降低;Mg/Al-NO3--LDHs及其月桂酸插层产物可明显降低金属摩擦副的摩擦系数、磨斑直径、润滑介质温度以及驱动电机功耗,是具有良好应用前景的润滑-减摩-节能材料。     

聚吡咯对五氧化二钒干凝胶插层行为研究

本文采用分散直接插层法使聚吡咯(PPY)嵌入五氧化二钒(V2O5)凝胶层间。并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FI-IR)和多点氮气吸附法(BET/N2)等测试手段对其进行分析,证明了PPY确实进入了五氧化二钒(V2O5)干凝胶的层间,为不溶性导电高聚物的插层提供了一条新的途径。     

乳液插层法制备丁苯橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与性能

选用一种能够在水中分散良好的有机改性蒙脱土（OMMT），采用乳液插层法制备了SBR／OMMT纳米复合材料，X射线衍射和透射电镜观察显示制得了半剥离型与插层型共存的纳米复合材料。研究了复合材料的力学性能和耐溶剂性能。测试结果表明，随着蒙脱土用量的增加，复合材料的定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度均大幅度提高。复合材料具有优异的耐溶剂性能。     

离子液体原位插层聚合法制备蒙脱土-聚酯复合材料

选用十二烷基三苯基磷和酯季磷盐离子液体对钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)进行插层改性,并分别与对苯二甲酸二甲酯、乙二醇进行原位插层聚合制备MMT-聚酯(PET)复合材料,使用远红外光谱(FTIR)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等对MMT及MMT-PET复合材料进行表征。结果表明:MMT被成功插层,有机改性MMT在PET基体中的分散性优于NaMMT,而酯季磷盐-MMT在PET基体中有明显插层的现象。这证明了MMT插层剂的酯键可与PET进行酯交换反应,进一步说明反应性插层剂有利于制备稳定分散的MMT-PET复合材料。     

熔融插层制备聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其性能研究

通过加入适量马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(PE-g-MAH),用熔融插层法制备了聚乙烯(PE)／蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)等表征了复合材料的微观结构和形态。结果表明聚乙烯分子链已插入蒙脱土片层间,实现了插层复合。复合材料热稳定性和对气液阻透性的测定结果表明,与基体聚乙烯相比,复合材料的热分解温度有所提高,对有机溶剂及气体的阻性也有较大改善。     

插层技术在纳米复合材料中的应用与进展

介绍了插层技术的机理与插层方法，对插层热力学与动力学进行分析，并对插层技术在纳米复合材料中的应用作一综述。     

不同蒙脱石的有机插层及聚合剥离

以成因、类型、性质不同的6种蒙脱石为原料,制备了有机插层和聚酰胺6／蒙脱石纳米复合材料。研究了蒙脱石矿物类型、成分及阳离子交换容量对其有机插层及聚合剥离的影响。结果表明：有机插层蒙脱石层间距随插层剂用量及阳离子交换容量的增加而增加,低阳离子交换容量及高钠含量蒙脱石更有利于插层剥离。钠化对蒙脱石有机插层影响不明显。     

季铵盐插层剂对高密度聚乙烯性能的影响

采用季铵盐阳离子作为插层剂与钠基蒙脱土层间的无机阳离子进行离子交换,制备系列有机化蒙脱土,利用红外光谱对蒙脱土的结构进行表征,结果表明,插层剂已进入蒙脱土的层间.同时将有机化蒙脱土与HDPE进行熔融插层,制备了纳米聚乙烯复合材料,研究了插层剂对其部分力学性能的影响.     

Phenoxymethylpenicillin–intercalated hydrotalcite as a bacteria inhibitor

Phenoxymethylpenicillin (PMP) has been reversibly intercalated into a layered double hydroxide, and the resulting composite exhibits effective anti‐bacterial activity. Powder X‐ray diffraction studies indicate that the PMP molecules are interdigitated between the inorganic layers, and under mild acidic media, the molecules are released gradually. Therefore a sustained‐release anti‐bacterial medication is envisioned on the basis of this inorganic–drug composite. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Structure and analgesic properties of layered double hydroxides intercalated with low amounts of ibuprofen

Ibuprofen‐intercalated layered double hydroxides (LDH‐IBU) have been successfully synthesized via a coprecipitation method with a nominal [Al³⁺]/[Mg²⁺] ratio of 0.5 and a variable molar IBU/([Al³⁺]+[Mg²⁺]) ratio of 0, 0.15, 0.18, 0.24, 0.36, and 0.72. After an accurate determination of the composition, the nature of the intercalated species and the effective intercalation yield from to IBU, it is shown that the synthesis route used allows a good control of the quantity of intercalated IBU within the LDH framework. This results in different samples with full or partial IBU intercalation in the interlayer space in exchange of nitrate anions. The analysis of the X‐ray diffraction basal reflections reveals that the intercalation of IBU in the framework only increases the basal distances with no alteration of the brucite‐type layers. Also, a computational study used to model the positions and shapes of the basal reflections showed that the structure of the nonfully intercalated compounds follows a random interstratification scheme. Finally, three samples ranging from slightly to fully IBU‐intercalated galleries were selected for preliminary in vivo assays. These tests showed a strong tendency that after 24 hours the low yield of IBU‐intercalated compounds are almost as efficient as the fully intercalated sample.     

Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical performances of new antimony-containing graphite compounds used as anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Graphite intercalation intercalated with metal alloys able to alloy reversibly lithium constitute a large set of new anodic materials for lithium-ion batteries of significantly improved reversible capacities. Especially, graphite intercalated with cesium-antimony alloys can be used as materials for anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Electrochemical insertion of lithium in such chemically modified precursors shows that lithium both intercalates in the empty van der Waals spaces of graphite and alloys reversibly with antimony. The total electrochemical reversible capacities, measured between 0 and 2 V vs Li⁺/Li, close to 700 mAh g⁻¹ have been currently obtained.