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高孔隙率泡沫金属相变材料储能、传热特性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以高孔隙率泡沫金属材料作为骨架制备而成的新型复合相变储能材料的导热系数将大大高于相变材料本身的导热系数,在储能过程中具有更好的传热效果。给出了较通用的高孔隙率泡沫金属材料等效导热系数的估算公式,并利用准稳态方法建立了复合相变材料在凝固过程的数值模型,对其凝固过程的传热特性进行了理论分析。以铝—石蜡和铜—石蜡复合材料作为研究对象。分析表明,采用复合储能材料可以使得其传热性能得到很大提高,但是也会使复合材料的储能能力有所降低。提出了一种平衡储能能力和传热性能的方法,当泡沫金属处于平衡孔隙率时,在传热性能得到极大提高的同时也使得其储能能力降低不多。同时,分析得到了外部换热环境对储能能力、传热性能以及平衡孔隙率的影响,即较大的对流换热时,若要取得适当的储能能力和传热性能,则需要较小的孔隙率。 相似文献
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建立日光温室计算传热模型,以室内空气温度和墙体内表面温度为指标,通过实验方法验证了所建立的传热模型准确性,最后分析相变材料相变温度、相变焓、导热系数、密度等热物性对室内最低温度和相变蓄热率的影响规律,确定被动式相变蓄热墙体和主-被动式相变蓄热墙体的最佳相变材料热物性,阐明了实际应用时相变材料选择原则。研究结果表明,所建立的日光温室传热模型具有较高准确性,可用于日光温室墙体相变材料热物性优化;主-被动式相变蓄热墙体最佳相变材料的相变温度为27 ℃,相变焓为200 kJ/kg,导热系数为0.35 W/(m·K),密度为440 kg/m3,被动式相变蓄热墙体最佳相变材料的相变温度为26 ℃,相变焓为200 kJ/kg,导热系数为0.35 W/(m·K),密度为792 kg/m3;最佳相变材料热物性应用时,2种墙体室内最低温度均可达到15.0 ℃,但是被动式相变蓄热墙体的相变蓄热率较主-被动式相变蓄热墙体减小29.5%。本研究可为相变材料在日光温室的高效利用提供参考。 相似文献
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非理想相变特性材料热性能简化分析方法及适用条件 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
采用焓法、分析了蓄能相变材料相变区比热特性性对其蓄换热性能的影响。该方法对潜热型蓄换热系统的热性能分析和计算是普适的。针对该方法较为复杂而理想相变材料(相变温度为一点)热特性的分析较为简单并有大量结果可供参考的特点,讨论了采用对理想相变材料适用的蓄换热性能分析方法和公式来计算相变温度为一个温度区间的非理想相变材料蓄换热特性的适用条件。所得结论拓宽了理想相变材料蓄换热性能分析方法及结果的适用范围。在很多情况下,大大简化了非理想相变材料蓄换性能的分析和计算,对各种蓄能相变换热器的设计和性能优化具有指导意义。 相似文献
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复合材料储氢瓶为氢燃料电池汽车的关键部件,其在火灾条件下的瞬态传热行为的精准预测对储氢瓶的失效判断至关重要.文中提出了一种基于多重区域的实时双向耦合共轭传热模型,用于模拟复合材料储氢瓶在火灾条件下的瞬态传热特性.共轭传热模型采用大涡模拟(LES)对瓶外流体计算区域的火灾进行了数值模拟,并对复合材料缠绕层、高密度聚乙烯内胆和瓶内高压氢气3个计算区域分别建立了基于有限体积法的三维导热方程.复合材料缠绕层的导热模型考虑了高温热解和热解气的对流及冷却作用,并采用了依赖于复合材料成分和温度的可变物性.结合某商用Ⅳ型储氢瓶的池火火灾试验,验证了所提出的共轭传热模型的可靠性,并对其瞬态传热特性进行了数值研究. 相似文献
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Heat transfer behaviour of thermal energy storage components using composite phase change materials
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对基于复合相变材料储热单元的储热性能进行了研究。建立了复合材料和储热单元体内部的二维传热模型,考察了复合材料物性和结构尺寸及传热流体操作条件(流体流速)对单元体储热性能的影响,对比了两种不同结构单元体的储热性能,并搭建实验平台进行了实验对比研究。对比结果表明,模型结果与实验结果趋于一致,验证了模型的准确性。复合材料物性和结构尺寸及传热流体操作条件对单元体储热性能有较大的影响。相比较单管储热单元体,同心管储热单元体有着更优的储热特性,在相同的操作条件下,同心管储热单元体的储热、放热时间较单管储热单元体分别减少10%和15%。 相似文献
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基于熔融浸渗法和黏结封装法,以多孔基作为基体材料,分别采用无机玻璃粉与熔盐作为相变材料开展实验,探究储热样本的最佳制备工艺流程。考察了复合相变蓄热体的显微结构及物相组成特征,分析了复合相变蓄热材料的质量损失率,并对蓄热体进行蓄热性能分析及高温抗压强度测试。实验结果表明,采用黏结封装法,以氯化钠作为相变材料,加盖圆柱形三角孔蜂窝陶瓷基体作为载体,设定6.5℃/min的升温速率,烧结温度至800℃,保温30 min,可制备蓄热性能较为优异的复合相变蓄热材料。复合相变蓄热材料的蓄热密度为445.5 kJ/kg,该蓄热体在800℃条件下高温抗压强度达到75.9 MPa,具有良好的蓄热性能和力学性能。 相似文献
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针对有机相变材料热导率低的问题,将高热导率的纳米Fe2O3添加到硬脂酸/十八醇二元有机复合蓄热相变材料中,制备纳米复合蓄热相变材料。从分散剂的种类、分散剂与纳米材料的添加量以及超声时间4个方面研究其对纳米复合相变蓄热材料的稳定性及热物性的影响。结果表明,阴离子表面活性剂的分散效果优于阳离子和非离子表面活性剂。复合相变材料中添加质量分数为0.8%,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和质量分数为0.4%Fe2O3的体系,超声时间为80 min时,纳米Fe2O3在相变材料中的分散效果最好。添加纳米Fe2O3后复合蓄热相变材料的相变潜热及相变温度有所下降,热导率提高34.9%。300次热循环复合相变材料的相变温度波动区间不超过0.41℃,相变潜热波动区间不超过4.0%,热稳定性良好。 相似文献
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Latent heat storage system using phase change materials (PCMs) has been recognized as one of the most useful technologies for energy conservation. In this study, a novel type of fatty acid eutectic of methyl palmitate (MP) and lauric acid (LA)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite phase change fiber is prepared by single electrospinning method. Additionally, copper nanoparticles (CNPs) with different mass ratio are combined for improving the thermal conductivity of the PCM. The structure and morphology of the fabricated composite PCMs are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the thermal properties and performance are also characterized. SEM results show that the liquid fatty acid has been fully stabled by the three-dimensional structure of the fibers. Good compatibility among the components of the composites is also demonstrated. Besides, the addition of nanoparticles leads to an improved thermal conductivity by over 115.2% and a phase transition temperature 21.24 °C as well as a high latent heat of 85.07 J/g. Moreover, excellent thermal reliability of the phase change fiber is confirmed by multiple thermal cycles. Hence, the composite PCM prepared in this study shows a promising potential for thermal energy system such as building insulating and thermal mass regulating textiles. 相似文献
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为解决太阳能的间歇性问题,常将其与相变蓄热技术进行结合。与传统显热蓄热相比,相变蓄热可将蓄热能量提高数倍以上,具有巨大的研究和应用价值。本文总结分析了相变蓄热的传热机制及在强化太阳能相变蓄热技术上的研究手段,如变换蓄热结构、添加肋片、使用相变胶囊、充注多相变材料、蓄热材料中添加高导热物质等。分析结果显示,相变传热机制中,融化过程主要考虑对流换热,凝固过程热传导占主导;使用肋片、相变胶囊等,主要增大相变材料接触面与蓄热体的比值,进而改善传热;蓄热材料添加高导热物质,可以改善相变材料的团聚、结核及使用寿命,从而提高导热性能,其中添加泡沫金属效果最为显著。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2019,44(21):11247-11258
To improve the current design standards of the hydrogen composite cylinders, it is essential to understand the thermal response of the hydrogen composite cylinders subjected to fire impingement. In the present study, a fully coupled conjugate heat transfer model based on a multi-region and multi-physics approach is proposed for modelling the transient heat transfer behaviour of composite cylinders subjected to fire impingement. The fire scenario is modelled using the in-house version of FireFOAM, the large eddy simulation (LES) based fire solver within the frame of OpenFOAM. Three dimensional governing equations based on the finite volume method are written to model the heat transfer through the regions of composite laminate, liner and pressurized hydrogen, respectively. The governing equations are solved sequentially with temperature-dependent material properties and coupled interface boundary conditions. The proposed conjugate heat transfer model is validated against a bonfire test of a commercial Type-4 cylinder and its transient heat transfer behaviour is also studied. 相似文献
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Use of composite heat sinks (CHS), constructed using a vertical array of ‘fins’ (or elemental composite heat sink, ECHS), made of large latent heat capacity phase change materials (PCM) and highly conductive base material (BM) is a much sought cooling method for portable electronic devices, which are to be kept below a set point temperature (SPT). This paper presents a thermal design procedure for proper sizing of such CHS, for maximizing the energy storage and the time of operation until all of the latent heat storage is exhausted.For a given range of heat flux, q″, and height, A, of the CHS, using a scaling analysis of the governing two dimensional unsteady energy equations, a relation between the critical dimension for the ECHS and the amount of PCM used (?) is determined. For a ?, when the dimensions of the ECHS are less than this critical dimension, all of the PCM completely melts when the CHS reaches the SPT. The results are further validated using appropriate numerical method solutions. A proposed correlation for chosen material properties yields predictions of the critical dimensions within 10% average deviation. However, the thermal design procedure detailed in this paper is valid, in general, for similar finned-CHS configurations, composed of any high latent heat storage PCM and high conductive BM combination. 相似文献