基层水管单位怎样当好防汛抗洪指挥部门的参谋

我国防汛抗洪工作实行各级人民政府行政首长负责制,按照统一指挥,分级分部门负责的原则,做好防汛抗洪工作。基层水利工程管理单位是河道、水库、堤防、闸坝等各类水工建筑物的直接管理者,处在防汛抗洪第一线,除了执行上级主管部门的防汛调度指令,落实本单位的防汛责任制,搞好本单位的工程管理和防汛工作等常规任务外,在抗洪抢险时,还应积极为防汛指挥部门当好参谋,应主要做好以下几个方面的工作。     

小清河雨水情自动测报系统技术设计及应用

小清河流域是山东省重要的粮棉油和工业基地,该流域防汛任务艰巨,加之水情采集、传输及调度手段落后,已不能够适应防汛抗洪形势的需要.小清河雨水情自动测报系统具有雨水情信息采集、防汛数据处理及调度决策自动化等三部分功能,系统采用了国际上先进的Motorola技术,可通过计算机局域网或计算机广域网方便快捷地进行数据的近远程查询、传输,各地数据库出错后的修复和资源共享.     

淮河防汛气象信息业务的系统应用

一、引言2007年汛期,淮河流域发生了新中国以来仅次于1954年的又一次流域性大洪水。各级防汛管理部门靠前指挥、有效管理、科学调度,取得了防汛抗洪的伟大胜利。在此过程中,淮委水文局为流域的防汛决策提供了及时准确的气象、水文情报预报信息,使整个抗洪过程呈现出从容应对、忙而不乱、有序推进的新特征。其中,及时的气象服务和准确的预报信息与气象信息接收、处理、服务系统是密不可分的。     

海河流域主汛期将至 国家防总开展大清河洪水调度和抗洪抢险演练

正为深入贯彻落实党中央、国务院关于防汛抗洪工作要求和5月22日武汛抗洪汉防汛工作工作,提升座谈会精流域洪水神,进一步做好2018年防调度和抗洪抢险能力,国家防总于6月10日组织开展了大清河洪水调度和抗洪抢险演练。国家防总秘书长、水利部副部长、应急管理部副部长叶建春在国家防总指挥中心指挥调度。海河防总和北京、天津、河北省(直辖市)防指负责同志在各自分中心主持参加演练。     

省长王宪魁在全省防汛抗旱工作电视电话会议上强调 坚持科学防汛 超前做好准备 精心组织调度 确保案例度汛

<正>要求:物资储备充足资金拨付到位责任分解落实预测预报及时蓄泄调度科学6月9日,省委副书记、省长王宪魁实地进行防汛工作检查,并在省政府防汛会商中心召开电视电话会议,与省防指各组成单位部门负责同志及水文、气象专家共同会商防汛形势,研究部署今年全省防汛抗洪工作。     

省长王宪魁在全省防汛抗旱工作电视电话会议上强调 坚持科学防汛 超前做好准备 精心组织调试 确保安全度汛

6月9日，省委副书记、省长王宪魁实地进行防汛工作检查，并在省政府防汛会商中心召开电视电话会议，与省防指各组成单位部门负责同志及水文、气象专家共同会商防汛形势，研究部署今年全省防汛抗洪工作。     

唐山市防汛无线通讯现状及展望

在防汛工作中,无线电通讯担负着信息传递、指挥调度报汛等任务,是防汛正规化、规范化建设的一项重要内容,唐山市防汛通讯专网自上世纪70年代末期组建以来,在省、市防汛部门各级领导和无线电管理部门的大力支持下,不断发展,在防汛指挥调度、抗洪抢险、汛情信息传递,特别是水文自动测报上发挥出重要作用,现已成为防汛不可缺少的组成部分。     

分布式系统结构及信息资源共享在洪水预报调度中的应用研究

该文针对流域洪水预报和水库调度中需由多个不同的部门做洪水预报和水库调度方案的实际情况,从工作经验和工作实际出发,研究分布式计算机网络结构、分布式数据库、分布式数据通信及数据库复制技术,构建分布式洪水预报和水库调度体系,解决洪水预报和水库调度系统的分布操作、信息资源共享问题,通过信息资源的共享和先进会商系统,实现各级防汛、水文部门对流域洪水预报和水库群进行异地联合会商调度。     

从黄河“96·8”洪水谈防汛办公室的建设

黄河防汛，事关大局，确保黄河防汛安澜是沿黄各级政府的首要任务。黄河防汛办公室（简称防办）是防汛指挥部的办事机构，是各级政府领导防汛工作的参谋部，担负着为各级行政首长提供防汛信息、决策依据和贯彻落实有关防汛指令的重任。防办自身建设的好坏关系着能否取得防洪抢险的胜利。1防办的职责根据黄河防汛总指挥部的有关规定，各级防办的具体职责是：①贯彻执行国家有关防汛政策和国家防总、黄河防总及同级防指的调度命令。②制定和组织实施辖区内各级防御洪水预案，督促有关部门制定相应的保障方案。③督促各有关部门做好防汛准备工…     

鄂竟平主持会商部署第4号台风防范工作 国家防总加派工作组加强指导支持

正6月5日上午,水利部部长鄂竟平主持防汛会商,分析研判2018年第4号台风发展动向和南方地区雨情汛情,安排部署当前防汛防台风工作。鄂竟平强调,当前全国已进入主汛期,东南沿海台风进入多发期,防汛抗洪工作进入关键阶段。有关流域防总、各级防指以及相关部门、单位要严格落实防汛防台风责任,细化实化各项防御措施,及时启动应急响应,最大程度减轻灾害损失。一要强化监测预报,及时发布预警信息。受菲律宾以东热带气旋影响,第4号台风发展变化仍     

长江中游四大家鱼发江生态水文因子分析及生态水文目标确定

基于长江中游四大家鱼发江量历次调查数据,采用宜昌站作为长江中游水文情势变化分析的控制站,基于其1900~2004年共105年的日径流资料,采用每年5~6月涨水过程数、总涨水日数、平均每次涨水过程日数等3项生态水文指标,分析了四大家鱼发江量与3项生态水文因子的变化关系,认为产卵场所处江段每年5~6月的总涨水日数是决定家鱼苗发江量多寡的一个重要环境因子。根据IHA方法,对宜昌站105年来的生态水文指标分析表明,长江宜昌站生态水文过程的改变并不明显,5~6月总涨水日数变化趋势不显著,显示长江中游影响四大家鱼苗发江量的生态流量过程改变不明显,与前人得出的葛洲坝枢纽修建后四大家鱼的产卵条件和卵苗江汛规律没有变化这一认识一致。但是,随着三峡水库的运行,下游河道的生态环境流量过程会有较大改变,本文建议三峡水库的调控以保障长江中游每年5~6月的总涨水日数维持在22.1±7.2范围内为生态水文目标,即可从生态环境流量过程方面补偿水利工程对中游四大家鱼鱼苗发江量的影响。     

Seminar on Water and Energy,Stockholm, Sweden,August 21, 2005

Abstract

In Europe the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will have major implications for water resources management. Part of the Directive requires Member States to implement a comprehensive system of controls (licences) on the allocation and abstraction (withdrawal) of surface and groundwater resources. This paper describes the development of a procedure to help assess and set abstraction licences for agricultural irrigation. The methodology is described with reference to Scotland, a country with limited abstraction control previously and where irrigation is supplemental to rainfall. The methodology combines spatial climatic information using a Geographical Information System (GIS) with data derived from a water balance computer model. The procedure enables the volumetric irrigation demand in a ‘design’ dry year for a given site to be estimated, taking into account local variations in climate, soil type, land use and irrigation practices. The approach provides a scientifically robust framework to allow the regulatory authority to assess the ‘reasonable’ water requirements of individual irrigators and hence develop allocations to satisfy the range of competing demands (e.g. agriculture, industry, and environment) on water resources. The methodology is applicable in other temperate countries where water abstraction controls are required and where appropriate datasets are available. The application of the procedure and its methodological limitations are described.     

Stakeholder-driven,enquiry-driven,or stakeholder-relevant,enquiry-driven science?

There is currently debate within the international hydrological community on whether hydrological science should give priority to providing measurements, knowledge, and understanding pre-determined as being needed by stakeholders, or priority to more basic enquiry-driven science that will stimulate the continued health and growth of hydrology as an important Earth science discipline. Two recent major international initiatives in hydrology reflect these two perspectives. One, the Hydrology for the Environment, Life, and Policy (HELP) program, is primarily fostered by UNESCO-IHP and is focused on stimulating the stakeholder-driven hydrological science required in specific catchments that have become members of a global network. The second, the decade on Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB), which is appropriately managed by IAHS, is primarily driven by scientific enquiry and is focused on creating new scientific methods and understanding, albeit with practical application ultimately in mind. This paper summarizes the nature, origins, growth, and progress of these two international programs but also describes the subtly different approach that has been adopted by the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF's) Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA). NSF is a federal agency whose primary goal is to ‘enable the future’ by stimulating novel science. Because SAHRA is a federally-funded entity supported by an agency with this goal, the Center clearly cannot operate in stakeholder-driven, response mode in competition with the already effective private U.S. consultancy industry. Nonetheless, SAHRA's mission is to create knowledge and build understanding that will enhance the prospects of sustainable water management in semi-arid regions, especially the southwestern U.S. To resolve this apparent conflict, SAHRA looks ahead to future stakeholder needs and builds its research agenda around selected critical stakeholder-relevant questions that require substantial and sustained investment in basic, multidisciplinary, enquiry-driven science. This paper describes SAHRA's approach and reports on associated research and outreach activities.     

Growth,Reproduction, Mortality,Distribution, and Biomass of Freshwater Drum in Lake Erie

Predominant age-groups in the Lake Erie freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens population were 3, 4, and 5 as determined from gill net, trap net, bottom trawl, and midwater trawl samples. Age and growth calculations indicated that females grew faster than males. However, the length-weight relation did not differ between sexes and was described by the equation: log W = ?5.4383 + 3.1987 log L. Some males became sexually mature at age 2 and all were mature by age 6. Females matured 1 year later than males. Three sizes of eggs were present in ovaries; the average total number was 127,000 per female for 20 females over a length range of 270 to 478 mm. Seasonal analysis of the ovary-body weight ratio indicated that spawning extended from June to August. A total annual mortality rate of 49% for drum aged 4 through 11 was derived from catch-curve analysis. Freshwater drum were widely distributed throughout Lake Erie in 1977–1979, the greatest concentration being in the western basin. They moved into warm, shallow water (less than 10 m deep) during summer, and returned to deeper water in late fall. Summer biomass estimates for the western basin, based on systematic surveys with bottom trawls, were 9,545 t in 1977 and 2,333 t in 1978.     

水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法综述

在总结水-能源-粮食纽带关系研究中, 使用频率较高或潜力较大的 8 种水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法为: 水-能源-粮食纽带关系工具 2.0( WEF Nexus Tool 2.0) ; 生命周期评价( LCA) ; 可计算的一般均衡模型( CGE) ; 系统动力学模型( SD) ; 气候、土地、能源与水资源策略( CLEWS) ; 基于社会生态系统代谢的多尺度综合评价( MuSIASEM ) ; 市场配置/ 市场配置系统集成模型( MARKAL/ TIMES) 和水资源评价规划模型-长期能源替代规划系统 ( WEAP2LEAP) 。通过总结各研究方法的产生、发展及特性, 并引用案例讨论其适用范围, 分析其优缺点和在使用 时需要注意的问题。在此基础上, 对未来水2能源2粮食纽带关系定量研究方法的发展趋势进行讨论, 认为伴随可持 续发展问题关注度的上升与水-能源-粮食纽带关系内在机理的挖掘, 未来的水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法将 更加注重量化的精确性和数据的互通以及跨学科研究和多方法的耦合。本文可为水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法的选择和更新优化提供参考。     

Survival,Growth, and Movement of Subadult Humpback Chub,Gila Cypha,in the Little Colorado River,Arizona

Ecologists estimate vital rates, such as growth and survival, to better understand population dynamics and identify sensitive life history parameters for species or populations of concern. Here, we assess spatiotemporal variation in growth, movement, density, and survival of subadult humpback chub living in the Little Colorado River, Grand Canyon, AZ from 2001–2002 and 2009–2013. We divided the Little Colorado River into three reaches and used a multistate mark‐recapture model to determine rates of movement and differences in survival and density between sites for different cohorts. Additionally, site‐specific and year‐specific effects on growth were evaluated using a linear model. Results indicate that summer growth was higher for upstream sites compared with downstream sites. In contrast, there was not a consistent spatial pattern across years in winter growth; however, river‐wide winter growth was negatively related to the duration of floods from 1 October to 15 May. Apparent survival was estimated to be lower at the most downstream site compared with the upstream sites; however, this could be because in part of increased emigration into the Colorado River at downstream sites. Furthermore, the 2010 cohort (i.e. fish that are age 1 in 2010) exhibited high apparent survival relative to other years. Movement between reaches varied with year, and some years exhibited preferential upstream displacement. Improving understanding of spatiotemporal effects on age 1 humpback chub survival can help inform current management efforts to translocate humpback chub into new locations and give us a better understanding of the factors that may limit this tributary's carrying capacity for humpback chub. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.