织物处理用水性聚氨酯涂层

上海塑料工业有限公司研制了织物处理用水性聚氨酯涂层产品。其制备方法是：在搅拌下,将异氰酸酯、催化剂加入已脱水的聚醚多元醇中,升温到５０～６０℃反应１ｈ,制得预聚体,再将预聚体用丙酮稀释,加入扩链剂扩链,引入亲水基团,最后加水乳化。脱去丙酮后得水性聚氨酯涂层。该产品含固量≥３０％,贮存期≥１年,其他性能如下： 水性聚氨酯可用作真丝、棉、涤棉、尼丝纺等织物的涂层,经涂层整理后的织物具有防水透湿功能,且表面柔软,富有弹性。织物处理用水性聚氨酯涂层@方谷     

织物的聚氨酯转移涂层整理

织物的聚氨酯涂层整理是聚氨酯树脂在织物上应用的一个主要方面。本文主要论述聚氨酯对织物的转移涂层整理。织物经聚氨酯涂层整理后，外观得到明显改善：手感好、耐磨抗擦、透气透湿、防水性能好等。转移涂层工艺能克服直接涂层的聚氨酯易渗入纱线及只限于紧密机织物或厚重织物上应用的缺陷。     

水溶性聚氨酯合成的研讨

七十年代,水溶性聚氨酯问世,应用于纺织工业对织物进行整理,获得了惊人效果。织物经聚氨酯整理,弹性好、毛感强、厚实丰满,柔软滑爽,耐磨耐撕,且减少由于只用2D树脂整理织物所释放出的游离甲醛。以水溶性聚氨酯为整理剂可利用印染厂现有设备,以浸渍方式对织物进行加工,且加工工艺无特殊要求。     

抗起毛起球整理用热反应型WPU的合成及应用

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、聚多元醇为主要原料,以异丙醇为溶剂,合成了反应型水性聚氨酯整理剂,既保持了聚氨酯的弹性,又具有极好的反应活性,可以赋予织物各种功能,提高纺织品的附加价值。介绍了该类整理剂在纯棉针织物抗起毛起球整理中的应用。     

环保型水性聚氨酯的合成及应用研究

聚醚多元醇与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯以及二羟甲基丙酸等单体在无溶剂的情况下进行预聚-封端制得环保型水性聚氨酯。在二羟甲基丙酸用量不变的情况下，研究了-NCO／-OH（R值）、投料方式等对乳液及其胶膜性能的影响；并对织物整理进行了一系列应用研究，给出了织物整理工艺较合理的工艺参数。     

不同相对分子质量PEG制备DDI型水性聚氨酯及其织物整理应用

以二聚脂肪酸二异氰酸酯( DDI)、不同相对分子质量的聚乙二醇(PEG)、二羟甲基丙酸( DMPA)为主要原料,采用丁酮法制备预聚体,然后在乳化剂存在下制成水性聚氨酯(WPU).研究了PEG相对分子质量对WPU的影响以及其应用到织物整理上的效果.结果表明,当PEG相对分子质量为1000和1500时,DDI型水性聚氨酯整...     

有机硅-聚氨酯共聚物柔软剂的合成研究

先由聚氧化乙烯二醇(PEG)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)以及扩链剂/交联剂合成聚氨酯预聚体,采用端羟基硅油对聚氨酯进行改性,制备了一种有机硅-聚氨酯共聚物柔软剂。通过测试异氰酸酯基含量,选择合适的预聚体合成条件,并测试整理后棉织物的白度、手感、断裂强力、润湿性能以及硬挺度。结果表明,合成聚氨酯预聚体的最佳条件是分2步,第一步PEG与IPDI在70℃反应2 h,异氰酸酯指数1.8,得到预聚体A;然后预聚体A与二乙醇胺在70℃反应1 h得到预聚体B,异氰酸酯指数为5;预聚体B与羟基硅油共聚后,制得的柔软剂整理后的织物,柔软性能、断裂强力均得到提升,手感达到5级。     

有机硅改性水性聚氨酯抗皱整理剂的研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚醚多元醇(F-6)、NaHSO为主要原料,通过预聚、封端及乳化等阶3段合成封端型水性聚氨酯,并采用有机硅对其进行改性,用作棉织物的抗皱整理,使纯棉织物的急弹回复角由79.4°提高到152.0°,涤棉混纺织物的急弹回复角由220.2°提高到279.7°,并优化了整理工艺。     

热反应性含氟水性聚氨酯的制备及其应用性能

由聚醚三醇、自制的不同氟原子含量的含氟三醇、1,6-己二异氰酸酯(HDI)和亚硫酸氢钠等原料合成了一系列热反应性含氟水性聚氨酯(FWPU)。通过红外光谱及~(19)F-NMR谱对预聚体和FWPU膜的结构进行了表征;通过热失重分析(TGA)及AATCC标准对FWPU膜及FWPU整理的织物的热稳定性及拒水拒油性能进行了研究。结果表明,该类热反应性含氟聚氨酯膜的热稳定性非常好,膜及其整理的织物拒水拒油性能优异。     

有机硅改性水性聚氨酯

西安工程大学的张鹏等人以甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚醚多元醇（F-6）、NaHSO,为主要原料,通过预聚、封端及乳化等合成水性聚氨酯,并采用硅烷偶联剂KH550对其进行改性,将其用于棉织物的抗皱整理,整理后纯棉织物的急弹回复角由79．40提高到152．00,涤棉织物的急弹回复角由220．20提高到279．70。     

Synthesis and characterization of waterborne polyurethane adhesives containing different amount of ionic groups (I)

A series of waterborne polyurethanes (WBPU) containing different amount of 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid (DMPA) were synthesized using prepolymer mixing process. Relationships between the DMPA content and physical, mechanical, and thermal properties as well as adhesive behavior at different condition were investigated. Stable aqueous dispersions of WBPU were obtained when the DMPA content was more than 10 mol %. At higher DMPA content, the particle size of the WBPU dispersion was lower but the viscosity of the dispersion was higher. Water swelling and tensile strength of the films increased with increasing of DMPA content. The optimum adhesive strength of WBPU adhesives was found to be depended on the DMPA content, pressing temperature, and pressure on adhesion process. The adhesive strength of WBPU adhesives increased with increasing DMPA content. The optimum pressing temperature decreased with increasing DMPA content. The adhesive strength of WBPU adhesives increased with increasing pressure up to 15 kg f/cm² and then leveled off. The optimum pressing temperature of WBPU adhesives samples containing 24.02, 22.05, and 17.05 mol % DMPA was about 100, 120, and 140°C, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5684–5691, 2006     

Effects of mixing procedure on the structure and physical properties of ester–ether-type soft segment waterborne polyurethane

The effects of the mixing procedure for the preparation of ester-ether-type waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) on the structure and properties of the cast film are studied here. The following three types of WBPU processing are examined: film formed from WBPU mixing ether-type WBPU with ester-type WBPU (CEM series), film formed from WBPU synthesized with PEG2000 and PCL2000 polydiol as the soft segments (CEB series), film formed from WBPU synthesized with triblock ester-ether copolydiol (PCL-polyethylene glycol-PCL) as the soft segment (CET series). The water vapor permeability (WVP) for the application to nylon fabrics is also studied. The results show that the mixing procedure greatly affects the properties of the ester-ether-type WBPU. The CEB series has better phase mixing than the CET series, and the CEM series has a phase boundary between the ester-and ether-type WBPU. The CEM series has a better Young's modulus and breaking stress and poorer breaking strain than the CEB and CET series. In addition, samples with lower ethylene oxide (EO) content have better phase mixing and mechanical properties. On the other hand, the ester-ether-type WBPU has a higher WVP than the ester-type WBPU and the WVP increases with the EO content. The order of the mixing procedures for WVP is CET > CEB > CEM. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Effects of a soft segment component on the physical properties of synthesized waterborne polyurethanes by using triblock ester-ether copolydiol as the soft segment

This paper examines the effect of an ester-ether soft segment structure on the physical properties of synthesized WBPUs. The CET series, CPT series, and CMT series anionic waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) were prepared with PCL-PEG-PCL, PCL-PPG-PCL, and PCL-PTMG-PCL triblock copolydiol as the soft segment. These copolydiols were synthesized from polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG), or polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG), respectively, by end capping with caprolactone (CL). Particle size and its distribution, solvent absorption, thermal properties, and the mechanical properties of the WBPUs were studied. The particle size of WBPU dispersion was in the sequence of CET > CPT > CMT series. The CET series WBPU had better phase mixing between the soft and hard segment, whereas the CMT series WBPU had good phase separation and better mechanical properties. In addition, both the phase mixing and mechanical properties increased with PCL content, except for the CMT series WBPU.     

Characteristics of waterborne polyurethane/poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) composite films for wound‐healing dressings

For ideal wound‐healing dressings, a series of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU)/poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) composite films (transparent film dressings) were prepared by in situ polymerization in an aqueous medium. Stable WBPU/PVP composites, which had a high remaining weight greater than 98.4%, were obtained. The maximum content of PVP for stable WBPU/PVP dispersions was found to be about 15 wt %. The water absorption (%) and equilibrium water content (%) of the WBPU/PVP composite films remarkably increased in proportion to the PVP content and the time of water immersion. The maximum water absorption and equilibrium water content of the WBPU/PVP composite films were in the range of 21–158 and 22–56%, respectively. The water vapor transmission rate of the WBPU/PVP composite films was in the range of 1816–2728 g/m²/day. These results suggest that WBPU/PVP composite films may have high potential as new wound‐dressing materials that provide and maintain the moist environment needed to prevent scab formation and dehydration of the wound bed. By a wound‐healing evaluation using a full‐thickness rat model experiment, it was found that a wound covered with a typical WBPU/PVP composite film (15 wt % PVP) was completely filled with new epithelium without any significant adverse reactions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Morphology and Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane/CNT Nanocomposite Adhesives with Various Carboxyl Acid Salt Groups

Three series of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU)/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites were prepared, and their morphology and properties with various 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) and CNT contents were investigated. The CNTs were homogeneously dispersed up to the optimum content in WBPU/CNT nanocomposite films. The degree of homogeneous CNT dispersion increased with increasing DMPA content in WBPU/CNT nanocomposite films. The optimum CNT content showed maximum tensile strength, Young's modulus and adhesive strength of WBPU/CNT nanocomposite film. The optimum CNT contents for WBPU/CNT nanocomposite samples containing 3.61, 5.16 and 5.86 wt% DMPA were about 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 wt%, respectively. The WBPU/CNT nanocomposite adhesive showed higher adhesive strength at moderately high temperatures (40/60/80/100°C) compared to conventional WBPU. The highest adhesive strength at moderately high temperatures was found with 5.86 wt% DMPA and 1.5 wt% CNT content.     

Effect of polyisocyanate hardener on adhesive force of waterborne polyurethane adhesives

A series of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU)/hardener adhesives were obtained from mixing of WBPU containing different types of polyol as a soft segment with aliphatic and aromatic polyisocyanates hardeners. By characterization of allophanate and biuret bonds formed from the reaction of hardener NCO with urethane/urea groups of WBPU using ¹HNMR spectroscopy. It was found that the optimum number ratio (molar ratio) of NCO group of hardener to urethane/urea group of WBPU that shows the highest adhesion force was depended on the type of hardener (aliphatic/aromatic polyisocyanate) and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) content (total content of urethane/urea groups); however independent of the type of soft segment (polyol) of WBPU. The optimum number ratio (molar ratio) of NCO group of aromatic polyisocyanate hardener to urethane/urea was higher than that of aliphatic hardener to achieve the highest adhesion force of WBPU. The adhesive force increased with increasing hardener content up to the optimum point and then decreased. Poly(tetramethylene adipate glycol) (PTAd) based WBPUs with aliphatic hardener show higher adhesive force than Poly(tetramethylene oxide glycol) (PTMG) and aliphatic hardener‐based WBPUs at the optimum number ratio (molar ratio) of NCO group of hardener to urethane/urea group of WBPU. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 3663–3669, 2007     

Synthesis and characterization of multiwall carbon nanotube/waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites

The preparation of thermoplastic nanocomposites of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via an in situ polymerization approach is presented. The effects of the presence and content of MWCNTs on the morphology and thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. Carbon nanotubes were modified with amide groups in order to enhance their chemical affinity towards WBPU. Thermogravimetric studies show enhanced thermal stability of the nanocomposites. Scanning and transmission electronic microscopy images prove that functionalized carbon nanotubes can be effectively dispersed in WBPU matrix. Mechanical properties reveal that Young's modulus and tensile strength tend to increase when appropriate amounts of MWCNTs are loaded due to the reinforcing effect of the functionalized carbon nanotubes. Thermal properties show an increase in the glass transition temperature and storage modulus with an increase in MWCNT content. X‐ray diffraction reveals better crystallization of the WBPU in the presence of MWCNTs. The WBPU/MWCNT nanocomposite film containing 1 wt% of MWCNTs exhibits a conductivity nearly five orders of magnitude higher than that of WBPU film. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

复合薄膜用水性聚氨酯胶粘剂的研究

以聚已二酸1,4-丁二醇酯(PBA)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)等为主要原料合成了水性聚氨酯复膜胶,讨论了亲水性扩链剂DMPA用量对水性聚氨酯复膜胶的稳定性、耐水性、粘接强度等的影响;使用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了分子结构中的软、硬段微相结构分布。结果表明,当DMPA质量分数占预聚体总质量的2.67%～5.34%时能够制得稳定乳液;水性复膜胶乳液的粘度以及胶膜的吸水率随着亲水性扩链剂DMPA用量的增加而增加,而乳液的粒径随着亲水性扩链剂DMPA用量的增加而减小;硬段含量的增加会降低软段结晶,增加水性聚氨酯复膜胶高分子链的极性和粘接强度,当硬段质量分数为22.79%时,胶膜具有较好的T型剥离强度;提高复合压力能够显著提高T型剥离强度;该复膜胶对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)膜有着比聚丙烯(OPP)膜更好的粘接效果。     

Highly Sensitive Detection of Fe3+ Ions Using Waterborne Polyurethane‐Carbon Dots Self‐Healable Fluorescence Film

In this study, nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐C‐dots) are synthesized via a green and gentle electrochemical‐hydrothermal method. The N‐C‐dots are grafted into the backbone of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) synthesized from hexamethylene diisocyanate and polycarbonate diol (PCDL). Due to the introduction of N‐C‐dots, the WBPU is functionalized including being able to self heal and specifically identified Fe³⁺. The self‐healing performance of the WBPU‐N‐C‐dots film is principally attributed to the hydrogen bonding effect of the WBPU and the N‐C‐dots. On the other hand, based on the quenching of fluorescent characteristics of the WBPU‐N‐C‐dots film, it is successfully used in the detection of Fe³⁺, showing a wide detection range, good selectivity, and high sensitivity. What's more, the tensile strength of the sample is enhanced from 3.50 to 7.12 MPa when the N‐C‐dots content is increased in the WBPU and the thermal stability is improved as a result of the formation of the more thermally‐stable network structures. Interestingly, compared to the traditional solution detection in WBPU‐N‐C‐dots emulsion with the limit of detection of 2.23 × 10^?6 m , the detection has the lower limit of detection of 2.19 × 10^?6 m in the WBPU‐N‐C‐dots film. These results show that the WBPU‐N‐C‐dots film exhibits great application as an intelligent response‐type material.     

Preparation and characterization of waterborne polyurethane/clay nanocomposite: Effect on water vapor permeability

A series of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU)/clay nanocomposite coating materials were prepared by prepolymer process with different clay contents (0–2 wt %). The study investigated surface structure as well as water resistance, thermal, mechanical, and water vapor permeability (WVP) of composite materials as a function of clay contents. The glass transition temperature of composite materials was higher than pristine WBPU and also increased with increasing clay contents. Thermal stability, and water resistance of the nanocomposite films also increased, when compared with pristine WBPU, and these properties increased with an increase in clay content. The maximum tensile strength was found with optimum clay content (1 wt %) of composite films. The WVP of coated nylon fabrics depend on the clay content and temperatures. The rate (%) of WVP of coated nylon fabrics decreased with increasing clay content at a fixed temperature. However, at a fixed clay content the WVP increased with the increase of temperatures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008