基于炉膛火焰图像的燃煤机组负荷预测

为了准确地进行燃煤机组负荷预测,引入支持向量机（SVM）方法建立了锅炉炉膛多层火焰图像与机组负荷之间的复杂关系模型.将该方法应用于某660 MW燃煤锅炉机组中,用训练后的SVM模型进行负荷预测,并与BP神经网络模型预测结果进行比较.结果表明：采用SVM方法预测机组负荷,模型能够辨识出火焰辐射图像与机组负荷之间的复杂关系,实现对负荷的准确预测;SVM模型预测精度比BP网络模型高,SVM模型具有预测精度高、泛化能力强等优点,且模型训练时间较短.     

燃煤锅炉受热面灰污监测与吹灰优化

提出了一种锅炉受热面灰污监测与吹灰优化方法。该方法利用神经网络建立锅炉清洁受热面换热模型,在此基础上运用非线性动态规划技术进行受热面吹灰周期的优化。在扬子石化公司热电厂#8锅炉上进行了现场测试,结果表明所提出的方法是有效的。     

Optimization study of integration strategies in solar aided coal-fired power generation system

Parabolic trough solar-aided coal-fired power generation system has been developed to achieve efficient use of solar energy resources by coupling conventional coal-fired power plant with solar energy. However, there are no appropriate evaluation criteria about the thermal and economic performance of the system presently. This paper proposes the evaluation standard of the solar aided coal-fired power plant, and then based on this standard an optimization of this system is applied by the genetic algorithm model. According to the optimization research of this system, a series of parameters such as the solar collector area; the way of the coupling the power plant; whether storage is needed and the relevant storage capacity are obtained.     

Energy conservation in 210 MW coal-fired thermal power plants

This paper reports the results of energy analysis of two 210 MW coal-fired thermal power stations located a good distance apart. A new and simple method for evaluation of thermal efficiency has been presented. Measures for improvement in plant performance in the coal, air, water and steam circuits as well as auxiliary power and secondary oil have been depicted, based on the analysis and existing field conditions.     

A coal-fired power plant integrated with biomass co-firing and CO2 capture for zero carbon emission

A promising scheme for coal-fired power plants in which biomass co-firing and carbon dioxide capture technologies are adopted and the low-temperature waste heat from the CO₂ capture process is recycled to heat the condensed water to achieve zero carbon emission is proposed in this paper. Based on a 660 MW supercritical coal-fired power plant, the thermal performance, emission performance, and economic performance of the proposed scheme are evaluated. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to show the effects of several key parameters on the performance of the proposed system. The results show that when the biomass mass mixing ratio is 15.40% and the CO₂ capture rate is 90%, the CO₂ emission of the coal-fired power plant can reach zero, indicating that the technical route proposed in this paper can indeed achieve zero carbon emission in coal-fired power plants. The net thermal efficiency decreases by 10.31%, due to the huge energy consumption of the CO₂ capture unit. Besides, the cost of electricity (COE) and the cost of CO₂ avoided (COA) of the proposed system are 80.37 $/MWh and 41.63 $/tCO₂, respectively. The sensitivity analysis demonstrates that with the energy consumption of the reboiler decreasing from 3.22 GJ/tCO₂ to 2.40 GJ/ tCO₂, the efficiency penalty is reduced to 8.67%. This paper may provide reference for promoting the early realization of carbon neutrality in the power generation industry.     

煤炭地下气化联合循环发电系统及煤气热值的调配方法

叙述了煤炭地下气化联合循环发电系统（UGCC）的流程,提出了UGCC系统中煤气热值的调配方法。通过对UGCC项目的分析,与传统煤粉锅炉发电（PFPG）及整体煤气化联合循环发电（IGCC）的对比,指出,UGCC与PFPG相比,可降低45%的CO2排放量,而成本仅增加了5%;与IGCC相比,UGCC项目的CO2排放量降低了20%,发电成本降低了34.4%。     

Environmental assessment on coal-fired power plants in U.S. north-east region by DEA non-radial measurement

This study discusses a new use of DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) environmental assessment to measure unified (operational and environmental) and scale efficiencies among inputs, desirable and undesirable outputs. In particular, the measurement of scale efficiency is discussed by two non-radial models. That is a new methodological contribution. To discuss these efficiency measures, this study first examines a concept of disposability from the perspective of corporate strategies to adapt a regulation change on undesirable outputs. The concept is separated into natural and managerial disposability. After discussing how to measure the degree of scale efficiency within the non-radial approach, this study applies the proposed DEA environmental assessment to measure the performance of coal-fired power plants in the U.S. north-east region. The region has been long producing a large amount of coal from the Appalachian Mountains. The coal mining industry has supported U.S. energy utility and other industries. Because of the long history, the quality of coal became worse and the coal-fired power plants have been producing a large amount of undesirable gases. This study has statistically confirmed that there is a significant difference between the two types (BIT: bituminous coal and SUB: subbituminous coal) of coal-fired power plants in terms of their unified efficiency measures, including their scale efficiencies, under the concept of managerial disposability (the first priority: environment performance and the second priority: operational performance). In contrast, under the natural disposability (the first priority: operational performance and the second priority: environmental performance), this study cannot find such a statistical significance between them. The fact, in which BIT outperforms SUB in terms of their unified and scale efficiencies, suggests the policy implication that these power plants need to shift their coal combustions from SUB to BIT in the United States. Besides the empirical finding, this study cannot confirm the other hypothesis on whether coal-fired power plants with small operation (less than 50% in plant capacity factor) outperform ones with large operation (more than 50% in plant capacity factor), and vice versa, in terms of their unified and scale efficiency measures under natural and managerial disposability. An exception is found in environmental performance under variable returns to scale. The rationale is because their plant operations are frequently monitored by regulatory agencies. As a consequence, this study cannot find such a statistical difference between them on operational performance. This result implies that the regulation on coal-fired power plants has been effective on their unified performance but large power plants may have a potential to improve their environmental performance.     

基于单元(火用)分析模型回热系统节能诊断

电厂运行的经济性已经日显重要。回热系统作为电厂热力系统中的主要系统之一,它对全厂的经济运行产生着很大影响,因此,回热系统经济性分析是电厂节能工作中的重要部分。以某热电厂机组的回热系统为研究对象,给出了系统的单元划分方法和通用的单元分析控制体模型,导出了通用的性能评价指标计算式,以实际计算说明了基于单元分析模型的节能潜力诊断方法。该方法可以找出系统能量损失的关键部位,为电厂热力系统节能分析提供一条依据。     

Thermodynamic analysis of an existing coal-fired power plant for district heating/cooling application

In a conventional coal-fired power plant, which is only designed for electricity generation, 2/3 of fuel energy is wasted through stack gases and cooling water of condensers. This waste energy could be recovered by trigeneration; modifying the plants in order to meet district heating/cooling demand of their locations. In this paper, thermodynamical analysis of trigeneration conversion of a public coal-fired power plant, which is designed only for electricity generation, has been carried out. Waste heat potentials and other heat extraction capabilities have been evaluated. Best effective steam extraction point for district heating/cooling system; have been identified by conducting energetic and exergetic performance analyses. Analyses results revealed that the low-pressure turbine inlet stage is the most convenient point for steam extraction for the plant analyzed.     

Environmental impact analysis of BCHP system in different climate zones in China

The operation performance of building cooling, heating and power (BCHP) system is dependent on the seasonal atmospheric conditions. This paper presents the environmental impact models of separation production (SP) system and BCHP system respectively. Three most important energy-related environmental issues, global warming, acid precipitation and stratospheric ozone depletion, are considered to evaluate the environmental impact of BCHP system for a commercial building located in five climate zones, China. Because the global emissions of BCHP system are related to the central power plant that provides the additional electricity to building, the environmental impacts by coal-fired and gas-fired power plants are compared and discussed. The results indicate that the emission reduction potential of BCHP system over SP system in hot summer zone and mild zone is larger than in severe cold zone when the coal-fired power plant is used. Contrarily, BCHP system in severe cold zone reduces more emissions than in hot summer zone when the gas-fired power plant provides the additional electricity.     

燃机电厂9F型机组热电负荷优化分配研究

电厂热电负荷优化分配是指在全厂总调度负荷下,根据各机组的热力性能确定各机组应承担的热电负荷,使得全厂效益最大或能耗最小的一种最优化问题.不同于燃煤热电厂,燃机电厂9F型机组由于设计为燃气轮机加蒸汽轮机的组合方式运行,因此在联合循环热力性能模型建立上较为复杂.提出了将余热锅炉新蒸汽参数作为中间变量,建立了机组天然气燃料消耗与电负荷、热负荷之间的关系模型,确定了优化计算的目标函数和边界约束条件,并采用非线性规划方法求解.模拟与实际运行结果均表明,该优化分配方法能有效降低燃机电厂燃料消耗水平,可以为同类型燃机电厂热电负荷优化分配提供参考.     

PC104微机的串行通信的网络在电厂中的应用

PC104作为一种嵌入式微机标准，目前正广泛的应用于各种工业应用领域，文章基于PC104系统串行总线，针对火力发电厂电站辅机的特点，建立一种网络化的振动监测与分析系统。     

火电厂CO2的排放控制和分离回收技术研究

温室气体CO2 主要产生于化石燃料的燃烧过程。火电厂是CO2 的一个集中排放源 ,控制火电厂CO2的排放对于应对全球变暖、温室效应问题具有重要的意义。分析了世界CO2 排放状况和适应我国火电厂CO2排放控制的措施 ,比较了几种CO2 分离回收技术在火电厂应用的可行性 ,对于我国火电厂的CO2 排放控制和分离回收有一定的指导作用     

一种基于发电场负荷优化的差分进化算法

优化发电负荷在限制碳排放的电力行业具有实际意义。燃煤发电负荷优化的主要目标是在保持一定输出和维持环境许可的NO,排放量的情况下,减少燃料消耗。通过把MA算法中差分进4E（DE）的竞争变换和单纯形法相融合,利用约束处理手段调整选择准则,优化并约柬发电负荷,提出了一个有效算法DESx。基于燃煤电厂仿真结果清楚表明,在发电负荷优化效率和计算时间上,提出的方法非常有效。     

ANN-GA based optimization of a high ash coal-fired supercritical power plant

The efficiency of coal-fired power plant depends on various operating parameters such as main steam/reheat steam pressures and temperatures, turbine extraction pressures, and excess air ratio for a given fuel. However, simultaneous optimization of all these operating parameters to achieve the maximum plant efficiency is a challenging task. This study deals with the coupled ANN and GA based (neuro-genetic) optimization of a high ash coal-fired supercritical power plant in Indian climatic condition to determine the maximum possible plant efficiency. The power plant simulation data obtained from a flow-sheet program, “Cycle-Tempo” is used to train the artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the energy input through fuel (coal). The optimum set of various operating parameters that result in the minimum energy input to the power plant is then determined by coupling the trained ANN model as a fitness function with the genetic algorithm (GA). A unit size of 800 MWe currently under development in India is considered to carry out the thermodynamic analysis based on energy and exergy. Apart from optimizing the design parameters, the developed model can also be used for on-line optimization when quick response is required. Furthermore, the effect of various coals on the thermodynamic performance of the optimized power plant is also determined.     

A modern method for analyzing thermal energy system with system state equation and analytical formula of performance index

This paper addresses overall performance analysis of coal-fired power unit.From the point of view of system en-gineering,a general steam-water distribution equation of the thermal plant system is presented.This system stateequation is an exact expression combining system topological structure and system properties.Through propermathematic transform,the inner relationship and interaction between the main system and auxiliary system arerevealed and its general form is given.An analytical formula for the heat consumption rate of thermal power plantis one direct fruit of the equation,which greatly facilitate the online analyzing and optimizing of complex thermalsystem.The new approach,with the aid of modern data acquiring technology,is a perfect extension of the tradi-tional analysis method based on the First Law of Thermodynamics.     

基于SVM的燃煤电站锅炉飞灰含碳量预测

将支持向量机方法引入燃煤电站锅炉飞灰含碳量预测领域．该预测方法很好地建立了燃煤电站锅炉飞灰含碳量特性与运行参数之间的复杂关系模型,并考虑到运行参数之间的耦合性,具有预测能力强、全局最优及泛化性好等优点．将该方法应用于某300 MW燃煤电站锅炉中,经过训练后的SVM模型对检验样本飞灰含碳量进行预测,均方根误差和平均相对误差分别为1．39%和1．30%,相当于BP网络模型的22．20%和21．07%．应用结果表明,支持向量机方法优于多层BP神经网络法,能很好地满足预测要求．     

燃煤锅炉煤、气混烧/燃气再燃技术的应用

结合电站煤粉炉的天然气再燃技术工业示范应用，重点介绍了国外目前正在进行工业示范推广的中、小型煤、气混烧／燃气再燃技术。该技术具有可提高锅炉效率、减少污染物排放及其排放处理费用、改善锅炉运行条件，以及投资少、投资回收年限短等优点。     

火电厂多机组负荷经济分配方法

针对SIS系统火电厂多机组负荷经济分配的要求，从单元机组锅炉和汽轮机设计计算书或性能考核试验数据出发，结合单元机组实时性能计算和耗差分析的原理，提出了一种可以同时解决机组负荷特性线的获取和机组负荷特性线的实时修正问题的火电厂多机组负荷经济分配的方法。该方法计算简捷、实时性强，在获得负荷优化分配结果的同时，给出了负荷优化分配的准确效果。     

300MW燃煤电厂热力系统仿真研究

基于过程系统工程的建模和仿真原则,针对某电厂300MW燃煤机组开发了一套稳态热力学仿真系统,并详细阐述了模型建立的基本思路和方法,通过改变输入参数、负荷和环境条件,仿真电厂在不同工况下的运行特性．结果表明：系统仿真所获得的结果与实际电厂的性能测试数据相比误差不超过2％;通过仿真可获得主要物流、能流的热力学参数（包括质量流量、温度、压力、比焓、比熵等）和主要设备的运行参数（包括汽轮机和泵的等熵效率、加热器端差、热传导系数等）,为燃煤电厂的实际运行优化、炯分析、热经济学分析等提供基础数据．