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可再生能源发电产业正由早期靠政府扶持逐步进入商业化阶段,其中以可再生能源配额制(RPS)和可再生能源证书(RECs)交易市场为典型。RECs分为捆绑式和非捆绑式两种形式,其主要商业应用模式包括:用来满足可再生能源RPS要求;批发捆绑式RECs;作为独立产品销售非捆绑式RECs;远期销售RECs;聚集小系统的RECs参与强制和自愿市场。RECs的价格是通过市场竞争来决定的,体现了可再生能源所具有的环境价值,在理想情况下,RECs的价格等于可再生能源和常规电力的边际成本之差。此外,RECs价格还受到很多其他因素的影响。RECs市场由自愿市场和强制市场组成,交易方式主要有3种:单一短期合同购买非捆绑式RECs;短期和长期合同混合购买非捆绑式和捆绑式RECs;在零售市场没有开发的情况下,美国公用事业主要依靠长期合同购买捆绑式电力。为了保证RECs交易的方便和非重复性销售,购买RECs需通过审计机构独立认证和核实。美国的许多思路和做法值得我国借鉴。 相似文献
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在各主要工业化国家中,新能源是发展极为迅速的新兴产业。本文介绍了当前美国新能源产业的经济效益和生产模式,特别对世界上刚刚起步的潮汐发电作了详细的介绍。为此,希望中国国内尽快形成具有一定规模的新能源产业,以赶超工业化发达国家的发展步伐。 相似文献
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《Energy Policy》2013
The Renewable Energy Certificate and Perform Achieve Trade mechanisms in India are designed to target energy generation and saving, respectively, in line with Clean Development Mechanism implemented by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Renewable Energy Certificate System is a voluntary regulation in India for renewable energy generators and is designed for effective implementation of inter-state transactions by introducing the Renewable Purchase Obligation regulation for consumers and a flexible trading platform for transactions across the country. Another initiative, the Perform Achieve Trade scheme, is an enhanced energy efficiency trading mechanism based on consumption targets that require large energy user sectors to improve efficiency by 1–2% per year. The Perform Achieve Trade programme has introduced mechanisms for the identification of industry sector, designated customer, specific energy consumption and target setting. The Perform Achieve Trade design issues are in test phase in the first cycle of the scheme which will run from 2012 to 2015. This paper discusses key design issues about boundary and target setting for Renewable Energy Certificate and Perform Achieve Trade energy saving certificate (ESCert) A data sharing and trading mechanism for Perform Achieve Trade is also proposed for review and coordination among regulator, designated consumers and traders in the market. 相似文献
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Linus Hammar Jimmy Ehnberg Alberto Mavume Boaventura C. Cuamba Sverker Molander 《Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews》2012,16(7):4938-4950
Several African countries in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) endure insufficiencies in the power sector, including both generation and distribution. One important step towards increasing energy security and availability is to intensify the use of renewable energy sources. The access to cost-efficient hydropower is low in coastal and island regions and combinations of different renewable energy sources will play an increasingly important role. In this study the physical preconditions for renewable ocean energy are investigated, considering the specific context of the WIO countries. Global-level resource assessments and oceanographic literature and data have been compiled in an analysis of the match between technology-specific requirements for ocean energy technologies (wave power, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), tidal barrages, tidal current turbines, and ocean current power) and the physical resources in 13 WIO regions Kenya, Seychelles, Northern Tanzania and Zanzibar, Southern Tanzania, Comoros and Mayotte, Northern-, Central-, and Southern Mozambique, Western-, Eastern-, and Southern Madagascar, Réunion, and Mauritius. The results show high potential for wave power over vast coastal stretches in southern parts of the WIO and high potential for OTEC at specific locations in Mozambique, Comoros, Réunion, and Mauritius. The potential for tidal power and ocean current power is more restricted but may be of interest at some locations. The findings are discussed in relation to currently used electricity sources and the potential for solar photovoltaic and wind power. Temporal variations in resource intensity as well as the differences between small-scale and large-scale applications are considered. 相似文献
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20世纪 40年代末 ,印度已有沼气厂和改进型灶具等可再生能源技术 ,但中等以上规模的项目在 1 973年的能源危机之后才得以发展。印度政府对可再生能源一直非常重视 ,1 982年在印度能源部下设了非常规能源司 (DNES)。至 1 992年 ,非常规能源司升级为非常规能源部 (MNES) ,以推广商品化或近商品化的可再生能源技术。1 993年中期 ,非常规能源部增强技术力量 ,通过设计与开发及实施大规模示范项目推广可再生能源技术 ,并创建了许多技术支持中心 ,帮助制造商提高技术 ,认证政府购置的设备的质量。以可再生能源的商业化和市场导向为中心 ,… 相似文献
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近年来,随着国家倡导低碳经济,以风电、水电、太阳能、生物质能为代表的新能源得到了快速的发展。风能、水能、太阳能、生物质能等多种可再生能源联合发电是一种有效的可再生能源利用方式。简述了风能、水能,太阳能和生物质能的发电原理,并探讨了目前国内关于多种能源联合互补发电系统的设计研究成果。 相似文献
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全球及我国能源供应中的可再生能源 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
介绍了全球可再生能源发展情况,包括可再生能源在能源供应中的现状及其展望,并与中国可再生能源发展情况进行了比较分析,可供可再生能源规划和政策研究部门参考。 相似文献
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美国可再生能源和节能情况考察 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
美国和中国的能源生产和消费分别居世界第一位和第二位。借鉴美国在节能和可再生能源方面的经验,对我国调整能源结构、提高能源安全、保护生态环境和实现可持续发展具有重要作用。本文介绍了美国能源开发利用的现状,分析了美国可再生能源和节能政策及这些政策对美国可再生能源和节能产业发展所产生的影响,提出了我国加快可再生能源和节能发展的建议。 相似文献
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1开发利用可再生能源对山东省具有重要意义 1.1有利于提高能源供应和保障能力 2000~2003年,山东省国民生产总值(GDP)由8542.44亿元增长到12435.93亿元,年均增长13.4%.人口由8997万人增加到9125万人,年均增长0.5%.一次能源生产总量由9657.36万tce增加到14383.87万tce,年均增长14.3%.一次能源消费总量由9977.11万tce增加到15974.5万tce,年均增长1 7%.从能源供应和消费看,消费大于供应,而且呈逐渐扩大趋势.山东省资源储量较少,后续能力不足.权威部门预计,按现在开采规模,30后山东省将有108对煤炭矿井因资源枯竭而报废.1999年底山东省石油保有储量为46507.6万t,按年产2600万t计,估计10几年后山东省石油资源也将面临枯竭.据报道,由于滥采乱挖,山东省目前采矿塌陷面积已达332km2,位于塌陷区内的村庄都要搬迁,仅济宁矿区就有60多个村庄. 相似文献
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Ayhan Demirbaş 《Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects》2013,35(8):779-792
Renewable energy sources (RES) supply 14% of the total world energy demand. RES are biomass, hydropower, geothermal, solar, wind, and marine energies. The renewables are the primary, domestic and clean or inexhaustible energy resources. The percentage share of biomass was 62.1% of total renewable energy sources in 1995. Large-scale hydropower supplies 20 percent of global electricity. Wind power in coastal and other windy regions is promising as well. 相似文献
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预测了西北5省(区)非水电可再生能源的配额量和交易量,建立了配额制下可再生能源电力跨区、跨省交易经济性评价模型和方法,分析了新疆、甘肃和青海等西北可再生能源主要基地跨区、跨省交易送出的主要目标市场,提出了争取可再生能源电力输电补贴、水电比重偏大省份可再生能源发电企业的结算价格采用本省平均购电价格等政策建议。 相似文献
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