An experimental study of conduction heat transfer in rarefied polyatomic gases

Experimental data have been obtained for the conduction heat transfer through a rarefied polyatomic gas (benzene or n-hexane) in a concentric cylindrical geometry. The results are of direct relevance in evacuated solar collector technology. The data were fitted to within 7% over the whole transition region by a simple semi-empirical equation, previously used for monatomic gases. A Monte Carlo simulation of the system was undertaken to obtain heat conduction and temperature profiles over the transition region in benzene and n-hexane gases.     

Robust methodology for determination of heat transfer coefficient distribution in convection

To predict the microstructures, residual stresses and distortions in the heat treated metal components, it is important to accurately know the heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) between the hot work piece and cooling media. In this paper, a new method is presented to accurately determine the node-based HTC distribution by coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with optimal weight functions and scale factors. With this new method, the predicted temperature profile of the work piece during quenching (rapid cooling) is in excellent agreement with experimental measurements. This new method can be also applied to accurately predict convection heat transfer in thermal equipment such as heat exchangers and refrigerators, building thermal design and other heat transfer related situations.     

Heat conduction in the hollow sphere with a power-law variation of the external heat transfer coefficient

The conduction phenomenon in an insulated sphere is re-worked through a dimensionless approach, where the heat transfer coefficient dependence on the external radius and on the surface temperature, as in the case of forced and free convection, is taken into account. Assuming a power law variation of the convection coefficient [1, 2], and using the results of Sparrow [3], equations and graphs for the most important dimensionless parameters are presented. The developed equations show, for example, that as the insulation thickness increases the heat transfer rate tends to a positive value, independent of the considered case: constant convection coefficient, forced or free convection.     

电站锅炉运行中换热器传热熵产的试验研究

建立了换热器传热熵产的理论模型,然后利用采集的某火电厂实时运行数据计算得出锅炉运行中换热器的传热熵产变化曲线,并分析了负荷变化和负荷稳定过程中影响其熵产变化的因素,最终提出了可以利用传热熵产监测受热面清洁状况进而开发基于熵产最小理论的吹灰优化新策略的理念.     

Experimental study and analysis on heat transfer coefficient of radial heat pipe

The experimental study was performed on five eccentric radial heat pipes with two outer-tube diameters.The test range can be given as follows,working fluid filling ratio Ω=44%～83%,heat flux q=10000W/m2～32000W/m2,and working temperature tv=50 ℃～120 ℃.The correlations between radial heat pipe heat transfer performance and filling ratio,heat flux,working temperature were studied in the experiment.Based on linear regression of experimental data,the relationship between heat pipe equivalent heat resistance R and working temperature tv,heat flux q and filling ratio Ω was obtained.     

An experimental heat transfer study for periodically varying-curvature curved-pipe

Experiments were conducted for water flowing through a varying-curvature curved-pipe inside a larger diameter straight pipe to form a double-pipe heat exchanger with water as the working medium. The heat transfer coefficients were obtained using the Wilson plot method. The effects of the Dean, Prandtl, Reynolds number and the curvature ratio on the average heat transfer coefficients and the friction factors are presented. A higher Dean number results in a higher heat transfer rate. It is found that the heat transfer rate may be increased by up to 100%, as compared with a straight pipe, while the friction coefficient increased by less than 40%. Therefore, it is promising to use S-shaped pipes instead of straight pipes for the performance enhancement for a heat exchanger such as a solar collector.     

Analytical solutions of the 1-D heat conduction problem for a single fin with temperature dependent heat transfer coefficient - II. Recurrent direct solution

The recurrent direct solution of the 1-D heat conduction problem for a single straight fin and spine with power-law-type temperature dependent heat transfer coefficient has been derived using inversion of the closed-form solution obtained in the first part of the study. The expression with improving convergence to calculate accurately the dimensionless temperature excess T_e at the fin tip for a given values of the fin parameter N and exponent n in heat transfer equation has been obtained by a linearization method. Equation for the temperature excess distribution throughout the fin has also been derived. The obtained formula for T_e allows to calculate the fin base thermal conductance and augmentation factor. Obtained expressions are seen to be simple and convenient for the engineering design of the fins and finned surfaces.     

Using genetic algorithms for the determination of an heat transfer coefficient in three-phase inverse Stefan problem

In the paper, an example is presented of the application of a genetic algorithm to a design inverse Stefan problem. The problem consists in the reconstruction of the function which describes the heat transfer coefficient, where the positions of phase change moving interfaces are well-known. In numerical calculations, the Tikhonov regularization, a genetic algorithm and a generalized alternating phase truncation method were used. The featured examples of calculations show a very good approximation of the exact solution.     

Study on overall heat transfer coefficient for a rotating cavity type heat exchanger

In this study, overall heat transfer coefficient for a rotating cavity type heat exchanger has been investigated. The heat exchanger mainly consisted of a rotating cylindrical cavity with axially throughflow. The cylindrical cavity was rotated in a stationary housing. An axial throughflow of cold water was supplied in the cavity through a pipe rotating with cavity. The cold water left the cavity via an identical pipe. Hot water flowed between rotating cylindrical cavity and stationary housing Experiments were conducted to obtain the effects of cold water flow rate, hot water flow rate, and rotational speed on overall heat transfer coefficient.     

Analytical solutions of 1-D heat conduction problem for a single fin with temperature dependent heat transfer coefficient - I. Closed-form inverse solution

Closed-form solution of 1-D heat conduction problem for a single straight fin and spine of constant cross-section has been obtained. The local heat transfer coefficient is assumed to vary as a power function of temperature excess. The dependence of the fin parameter N on the dimensionless temperature difference T_e at the fin tip for a given exponent n was derived in a form N/N₀=T_e^−μn (where N₀ is a well-known N expression for n=0). Coefficient μ was found to be equal to 5/12 according to the exact solution at T_e→1 or to 0.4 according to the fitting procedure for the data of the numerical integration. Obtained formula serves as a basis for the derivation of the direct expressions for T_e vs N at given n, fin base thermal conductance and augmentation factor presented in the second part of the study.     

An experimental study of heat transfer enhancement with a pulsating flow

A pulsating flow in a pipe was experimentally investigated to determine the effect of pulsation on the rate of heat transfer. The influence of hydrodynamic parameters and characteristics of the pulsation on heat transfer was carefully studied. In order to adjust the pulsating parameters, a self‐oscillator was designed so the length of the resonator and the length of the outlet nozzle could be adjusted. The results show that the heat transfer rate is strongly affected by both the hydrodynamic parameters and the configuration of the resonator. With the increase of the flow rate of the liquid and the length of the chamber, heat transfer is enhanced. There is an optimal length at which the heat transfer enhancement attends to the best. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 33(5): 279–286, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20020     

A new boundary meshfree method for calculating the multi-domain constant coefficient heat conduction with a heat source problem

A new high-precision boundary meshfree method, namely virtual boundary meshfree Galerkin method (VBMGM), for calculating the multi-domain constant coefficient heat conduction with a heat source problem is given. In the paper, the radial basis function interpolation is used to solve the virtual source function of virtual boundary and the heat source within each subdomain. Simultaneously, the equation of VBMGM for multi-domain constant coefficient heat conduction with a heat source problem is obtained by the Galerkin method. Therefore, the proposed method has common advantages of the boundary element method, meshfree method, and Galerkin method. Coefficient matrix of this specific expression is symmetrical and the specific expression of VBMGM for the multi-domain constant coefficient heat conduction with a heat source problem is given. Two numerical examples are given. The numerical results are also compared with other numerical methods. The accuracy and feasibility of the method for the multi-domain constant coefficient heat conduction with a heat source problem are proved.     

单管传热系数不确定度的理论与实验分析

利用测量不确定度的方法对不同单管在蒸发和冷凝工况时的性能进行对比。分别给出了单管蒸发和冷凝传热过程中综合传热系数、管内传热系数和管外传热系数的数学模型,并在此基础上研究3个传热系数以及相关参数的不确定度评定方法。分别以蒸发和冷凝工况为实例,得出3个传热系数的不确定度及其分量,从而得出影响不确定度的因素,进而为减小测量不...     

External heat transfer coefficient of a partially sunken sealine

The design of sealines involves calculation of their thermal balance with external environment. Usually in engineering practice one-dimensional codes are used to carry out thermal-hydraulic sizing, and they require the value of an external heat transfer coefficient representing all actual heat exchange phenomena, including 2D or 3D configurations. In the following a simplified approach is presented, for defining a surface averaged heat transfer coefficient of a partially sunken sealine. This coefficient is composed by a contribution due to conduction for the sunken pipe section and another term dealing with forced convection for the upper portion. The second effect is found to dominate the external exchange.     

Overall heat transfer coefficient in the presence of the axial dispersion coefficient for a forced draught cooling tower

An overall heat transfer coefficient was calculated for a forced draught counterflow cooling tower by using the pulse response technique. The presence of an axial dispersion coefficient for both gas and liquid was considered. Results indicate that, on neglecting the axial mixing and assuming a plug flow, the overall heat transfer coefficient is overestimated and can lead to errors in design applications.     

An experimental investigation of heat transfer enhancement for a shell-and-tube heat exchanger

For the purpose of heat transfer enhancement, the configuration of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger was improved through the installation of sealers in the shell-side. The gaps between the baffle plates and shell is blocked by the sealers, which effectively decreases the short-circuit flow in the shell-side. The results of heat transfer experiments show that the shell-side heat transfer coefficient of the improved heat exchanger increased by 18.2–25.5%, the overall coefficient of heat transfer increased by 15.6–19.7%, and the exergy efficiency increased by 12.9–14.1%. Pressure losses increased by 44.6–48.8% with the sealer installation, but the increment of required pump power can be neglected compared with the increment of heat flux. The heat transfer performance of the improved heat exchanger is intensified, which is an obvious benefit to the optimizing of heat exchanger design for energy conservation.     

An experimental study in determining the local heat transfer coefficients for the plate finned-tube heat exchangers

A three-dimensional inverse problem in determining the local heat transfer coefficients for the plate finned-tube heat exchangers utilizing the steepest descent method (SDM) and a general purpose commercial code CFX4.4 is applied successfully in the present study based on the measured temperature distributions on fin surface by infrared thermography.Two different tube arrangements (i.e. in-line and staggered) with different fin pitch and air velocity are considered and the corresponding local heat transfer coefficients are to be determined. Results show that some interesting phenomena of the local heat transfer coefficients for the finned surface are found in the work and the averaged heat transfer coefficient of the staggered configuration is about 8–13% higher than that of the in-line configuration.