复合载荷作用变刚度复合材料回转壳屈曲优化

通过曲线纤维轨迹设计,变刚度复合材料回转壳将拥有比常刚度（直线纤维）回转壳更好的抗屈曲稳定性,为此,研究了复合载荷作用下曲线纤维铺层形式和几何参数对变刚度复合材料回转壳屈曲性能的影响规律。首先根据回转壳横截面圆弧变化改进曲线纤维角度线性描述方法,建立了变刚度复合材料回转壳的参数化有限元模型;其次,结合序列二次响应面方法和回转壳屈曲优化模型,搭建了复合材料回转壳曲线纤维轨迹优化的设计流程;最后,以准各向同性铺层复合材料回转壳为比较基准,对弯扭载荷作用变刚度圆柱壳和轴压、弯矩和扭矩分别作用变刚度椭圆柱壳在不同铺层方式、不同几何参数下的屈曲性能进行了优化比较。结果表明:弯扭载荷作用下,变刚度圆柱壳的屈曲性能随弯矩载荷占比增加而提高,且均好于准各向同性圆柱壳,但扭矩载荷占优时,优化常刚度圆柱壳的屈曲性能更具有优势;不同载荷作用下,具有较小截面方向比的变刚度椭圆柱壳屈曲性能要明显好于对应的准各向同性椭圆柱壳,且横截面越接近圆形,曲线纤维对椭圆柱壳屈曲性能的改善越弱。      

含损伤复合材料AGS 板的屈曲特性

采用有限元数值模拟方法, 研究了蒙皮内含分层损伤复合材料格栅加筋板结构(AGS) 的稳定性问题。对蒙皮和肋骨分别采用基于Mindlin 一阶剪切理论的复合材料层合板单元和层合梁单元来模拟, 推导了相应的有限元列式, 并通过坐标变换, 利用蒙皮与肋骨的几何连续条件, 形成了AGS 的单元刚度阵和几何刚度阵, 建立了含损伤AGS 稳定性分析的有限元控制方程。通过典型算例, 研究了压缩载荷作用下, 分层形状、分层大小、分层深度、肋骨的高度和宽度、布置方式等因素对AGS 的稳定性特征的影响。数值结果表明, 含分层损伤的AGS 具有十分复杂的屈曲性态。屈曲临界力和屈曲模式与分层面积、分层形状、分层深度、肋骨的高度和宽度、布置方式和位置均密切相关。      

复合材料加筋圆拱壳的失稳特性分析

本文应用增量形式的拉格朗日列式法对其有纵横加筋的迭层圆拱壳在均布载荷作用下的稳定性进行了非线性有限元分析。文中应用Sander 壳体理论及横向剪切的影响, 推导了矩形壳元及与该壳元变形相协调的直梁元和曲梁元的切线刚度矩阵。编制了FORTRAN 计算程序。计算并分析了加筋拱壳的局部及整体失稳过程。      

Axisymmetric response of nonlinearly elastic cylindrical shells to dynamic axial loads

The axisymmetric response of nonlinearly elastic cylindrical shells subjected to dynamic axial loads is analysed by using an incremental formulation. The material elastic nonlinearity is modeled by the generalized Ramberg—Osgood representation. The time-dependent displacements of the shell are assumed to be governed by nonlinear equations of motion based on the von Karman—Donnell kinematic relations; moreover, both in-surface and out-of-surface inertia terms are included. The finite difference method with respect to the spatial coordinate and the Runge—Kutta method with respect to time are employed to derive a solution. Numerical results demonstrate the effect of the material nonlinearity on the deflections, stiffness matrices and dynamic buckling behavior of cylindrical shells.     

Buckling of Cracked Laminated Composite Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Combined Loading

A series of finite element analysis on the cracked composite cylindrical shells under combined loading is carried out to study the effect of loading condition, crack size and orientation on the buckling behavior of laminated composite cylindrical shells. The interaction buckling curves of cracked laminated composite cylinders subject to different combinations of axial compression, bending, internal pressure and external pressure are obtained, using the finite element method. Results show that the internal pressure increases the critical buckling load of the CFRP cylindrical shells and bending and external pressure decrease it. Numerical analysis show that axial crack has the most detrimental effect on the buckling load of a cylindrical shell and results show that for lower values of the axial compressive load and higher values of the external pressure, the buckling is usually in the global mode and for higher values of axial compressive load and lower levels of external pressure the buckling mode is mostly in the local mode.     

复合材料双曲率壳屈曲和后屈曲的非线性有限元研究

基于 ABAQUS软件分析平台 , 采用非线性有限元法研究了横向载荷作用下复合材料双曲率壳的屈曲和后屈曲行为。通过在有限元模型中引入 Tsai2Wu失效准则 , 预测了复合材料双曲率壳的初始失效及渐进破坏过程 , 数值结果和试验数据吻合较好 , 表明了该模型的合理有效性 , 并详细讨论了各种参数对屈曲和后屈曲行为的影响。经分析复合材料双曲率加筋壳在均布压载和剪力联合作用下的屈曲和后屈曲行为 , 得到了屈曲载荷的拟合曲线 , 研究表明顺剪力的存在有利于提高屈曲载荷。     

The geometric stiffness of thick shell triangular finite elements for large rotations

This paper is concerned with the development of the geometric stiffness matrix of thick shell finite elements for geometrically nonlinear analysis of the Newton type. A linear shell element that is comprised of the constant stress triangular membrane element and the triangular discrete Kirchhoff Mindlin theory (DKMT) plate element is ‘upgraded’ to become a geometrically nonlinear thick shell finite element. Perturbation methods are used to derive the geometric stiffness matrix from the gradient, in global coordinates, of the nodal force vector when stresses are kept fixed. The present approach follows earlier works associated with trusses, space frames and thin shells. It has the advantage of explicitness and clear physical insight. A special procedure, tailored to triangular elements is used to isolate pure rotations to enable stress recovery via linear elastic constitutive relations. Several examples are solved. The results compare well with those available in the literature. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

模态缺陷条件下复合材料柱形壳屈曲特性

为了开展多模态缺陷条件下复合材料柱形壳的屈曲特性研究,进行了理想柱形壳在轴压工况下的线性屈曲分析,得出前50阶屈曲失稳模式,即模态缺陷;基于弧长法研究不同模态缺陷条件下复合材料柱形壳的非线性屈曲特性;将有限元分析结果、NASA SP-8007规范计算结果与Bisagni试验结果作对比分析。结果表明:对于轴压柱形壳屈曲问题,第1阶模态缺陷不是最差缺陷,在第1阶模态缺陷条件下求出的非线性屈曲载荷比试验值高出较多;高阶模态缺陷条件下的复合材料柱形壳非线性屈曲计算结果与试验结果最为吻合,两者相差较少;屈曲载荷下降受缺陷形状、幅值双重影响,复合材料柱形壳屈曲计算需考虑多模态问题;NASA求出的屈曲载荷非常保守,低于试验值较多,用NASA方法进行复合材料柱形壳的设计,往往会导致结构笨重、材料浪费、性能降低。     

Hybrid stress finite element model for non-linear shell problems

The present paper describes a hybrid stress finite element formulation for geometrically non-linear analysis of thin shell structures. The element properties are derived from an incremental form of Hellinger-Reissner's variational principle in which all quantities are referred to the current configuration of the shell. From this multi-field variational principle, a hybrid stress finite element model is derived using standard matrix notation. Very simple flat triangular and quadrilateral elements are employed in the present study. The resulting non-linear equations are solved by applying the load in finite increments and restoring equilibrium by Newton-Raphson iteratioin. Numerical examples presented in the paper include complete snap-through buckling of cylindrical and spherical shells. It turns out that the present procedure is computationally efficient and accurate for non-linear shell problems of high complexity.     

A total lagrangian formulation for the geometrically nonlinear analysis of structures using finite elements. Part I. Two-dimensional problems: Shell and plate structures

A total Lagrangian finite element formulation for the geometrically nonlinear analysis (large displacement/large rotations) of shells is presented. Explicit expressions of all relevant finite element matrices are obtained by means of the definition of a local co-ordinate system, based on the shell principal curvature directions, for the evaluation of strains and stresses. A series of examples of nonlinear analysis of shell and plate structures is given.     

An assumed strain finite element model for large deflection composite shells

A nine node finite element model has been developed for analysis of geometrically non-linear laminated composite shells. The formulation is based on the degenerate solid shell concept and utilizes a set of assumed strain fields as well as assumed displacement Two different local orthogonal co-ordinate systems were used to maintain invariance of the element stiffness matrix. The formulation assumes strain and the determinant of the Jacobian matrix to be linear in the thickness direction. This allows analytical integration in the thickness direction regardless of ply layups. The formulation also allows the reference plane to be different from the shell midsurface. The results of numerical tests demonstrate the validity and the effectiveness of the present approach.     

Geometrically nonlinear composite beam structures: optimal design

This paper applies the formulation and the finite element analysis and sensitivity analysis model developed in a companion paper to the optimal design of various geometrically nonlinear composite laminate beam structures. The element design sensitivities are imbedded in the finite element code and the global sensitivities are interfacing the analysis with a nonlinear programming optimizer. Laminate thickness and lamina orientations are considered as design variables. Mass, stiffness and deflection are used as objectives or combined as multiobjective functions. The nonlinear critical load or the Tsai-Hill stress failure index, are used as constraints. Postcritical domain behavior allows the advantageous substitution of the critical load constraint by a displacement constraint.     

Efficient laminated composite beam element subjected to variable axial force for coupled stability analysis

A numerically efficient laminated composite beam element subjected to a variable axial force is presented for a coupled stability analysis. The analytical technique is used to present the thin-walled laminated composite beam theory considering the transverse shear and the restrained warping-induced shear deformation based on an orthogonal Cartesian coordinate system. The elastic strain energy and the potential energy due to the variable axial force are introduced. The equilibrium equations are derived from the energy principle, and explicit expressions for the displacement parameters are presented using the power series expansions of displacement components. Finally, the member stiffness matrix is determined using the force–displacement relations. In order to verify accuracy and efficiency of the beam element developed in this study, numerical results are presented and compared with results from other researchers and the finite beam element results, and the detailed finite shell element analysis results using ABAQUS; especially, the influence of variable axial forces, the fiber orientation, and boundary conditions on the buckling behavior of the laminated composite beams is parametrically investigated.     

复合材料柱面壳压缩性能分析

对三分之一复合材料柱面壳进行压缩性能试验研究与理论分析, 试验得到柱面壳的破坏方式为屈曲破坏。利用有限元法对其建模分析和静强度分析, 得到的静强度远大于屈曲强度, 因此柱壳应该首先发生屈曲破坏, 这与试验结果相符; 且理论计算所得的屈曲强度与试验结果相符, 说明该模型可以用来分析整个复合材料柱壳的压缩破坏行为, 研究结果可为柱壳的结构设计提供参考。对比某一载荷下理论模型与实际模型上对应点的应变, 发现二者结果相符, 证明有限元建模有效。然后分别对理论模型进行屈曲分析。      

Geometrically nonlinear composite beam structures: design sensitivity analysis

The purpose of this paper is to develop a finite element model for optimal design of composite laminated thin-walled beam structures, with geometrically nonlinear behavior, including post-critical behavior. A continuation paper will be presented with design optimization applications of this model. The structural deformation is described by an updated Lagrangean formulation. The structural response is determined by a displacement controlled continuation method. A two-node Hermitean beam element is used. The beams are made from an assembly of flat-layered laminated composite panels. Beam cross-section mass and stiffness property matrices are presented.

Design sensitivities are imbedded into the finite element modeling and assembled in order to perform the structural design sensitivity analysis. The adjoint structure method is used. The lamina orientation and the laminate thickness are selected as the design variables. Displacement, failure index, critical load and natural frequency are considered as performance measures. The critical load constraint calculated as the limit point of the nonlinear response is also considered, but a new method is proposed, replacing it by a displacement constraint.     

开口及边界条件对复合材料三分之一柱面壳压缩屈曲性能的影响

研究了完整、开口周边加强及开口加口盖3种型式的复合材料三分之一柱面壳的压缩屈曲性能,考查了3种典型复合材料柱面壳的轴压屈曲强度,分析了开口及口盖对柱面壳压缩稳定性的影响.结果表明:开口大大降低了柱面壳的轴压屈曲强度;口盖可以部分恢复其强度,但很难达到开口之前的水平.进行了开口加口盖经编织物铺层三分之一柱面壳轴向压缩试验,其轴压屈曲强度比用平面织物制造的相同结构的降低很多.为了探究其轴压屈曲强度比同类结构偏低很多的原因,进行了非均匀加载复合材料柱面壳模型有限元分析.结果表明:柱面壳边界不均匀加载会降低其承载能力,根据柱面壳刚度分布制定边界载荷可以提高其承载能力.     

Thermal buckling behavior of laminated composite plates with temperature-dependent properties

The thermal buckling behavior of composite laminated plates subjected to a uniform temperature field is investigated by the finite element method. Temperature-dependent elastic and thermal properties are considered. The stiffness and geometry matrices are derived based on the principle of minimum potential energy. The assumed displacement state over the middle surface of the plate element is expressed as the product of one-dimensional, first-order Hermitian polynomials. An iterative method is employed to determine the thermal buckling load. It is shown by numerical results that the influence of temperature-dependent mechanical properties on the thermal buckling behavior is significant.     

Stochastic post buckling analysis of laminated composite cylindrical shell panel subjected to hygrothermomechanical loading

In this paper, the effect of random system properties on the post buckling load of geometrically nonlinear laminated composite cylindrical shell panel subjected to hygrothermomechanical loading is investigated. System parameters are assumed as independent random variables. The higher order shear deformation theory and von-Karman nonlinear kinematics are used for basic formulation. The elastic and hygrothermal properties of the composite material are considered to be dependent on temperature and moisture concentration using micromechanical approach. A direct iterative based C⁰ nonlinear finite element method in conjunction with first-order perturbation technique proposed by present author for the plate is extended for shell panel subjected to hygrothermomechanical loading to compute the second-order statistics (mean and variances) of laminated composite cylindrical shell panel. The effect of random system properties, plate geometry, stacking sequences, support conditions, fiber volume fractions and temperature and moisture distributions on hygrothermomechanical post-buckling load of the laminated cylindrical shell panel are presented. The performance of outlined stochastic approach has been validated by comparing the present results with those available in the literature and independent Monte Carlo simulation.     

圆柱薄壳在局部轴向压力作用下的屈曲

采用非线性有限元法对局部轴向压力作用下圆柱壳的屈曲进行了全过程分析,并对其进行了试验研究。有限元分析和试验结果都表明,圆柱壳在压力作用位置附近发生局部屈曲并形成局部凹陷,维持后屈曲平衡的是一个近似常量的压力。该压力即为圆柱壳的后屈曲承载力,它决定着圆柱壳的实际承载力。在其它因素相同时,该压力与壳体厚度5.2t成正比。