Renewable sources of energy and technologies in Austria: Present situation, goals and prospects

The main goal of the energy policy of the Austrian government is, beside of a more efficient use of energy, the increase of renewable sources of energy. The technical, economical and ecological aspects of renewable sources of energy and their technologies are analysed and the present situation of renewable sources of energy in Austria and its prospects are described. Of the renewable energy carriers the following resources are of importance in Austria: hydropower, firewood, biogenic energy carriers, including fuels, solar energy and ambient heat and geothermic energy.     

A regulatory policy to promote renewable energy consumption in China: Review and future evolutionary path

Renewable energy has become the world's strategic choice to solve environmental pollution, address the energy crisis and achieve social sustainable development. The establishment of a regulatory system coincides with the development stage of renewable energy and electricity market operation is significant in standardizing the market competition and guaranteeing healthy development of renewable energy in China. This paper analyses the current situation of renewable energy development and the existing renewable energy regulation system in China, pointing out that the main problems restricting renewable energy development are institutional mechanisms and market factors. The existing regulatory mechanisms also have deficiencies, such as the inclination towards economic regulation and the lack of a market adjustment mechanism. This paper proposes that China should comprehensively consider the renewable energy development stage, electricity market trading mechanisms and other factors in electricity regulatory requirements when policy making, actively exploring a new renewable energy regulation model adapted to different development phases. In addition, this paper suggests China's regulatory policy path based on the forecasting of renewable energy developing models.     

A study of China–India cooperation in renewable energy field

This paper analyses the present situation of renewables international cooperation in China and India and the reasons, basis and conditions of China-India cooperation for renewable energy and explores China-India cooperation strategies for renewable energy. This study indicates that (1) the two countries have made a lot of progress in the international cooperation of renewable energy, but China-India cooperation for renewable energy is still in its primary stage; (2) there are not only the common benefits but also the solid basis and good conditions for China-India cooperation in the field of renewable energy; (3) there is need to explore and design the cooperation strategies for renewable energy of China and India in order to strengthen renewables cooperation between two countries.     

Renewable energy programme and vision in India

In the present world, renewable sources of energy have begun to make a significant contribution to meeting heat and power needs. In India, the Government is implementing a wide ranging programmes on renewable energy technologies. Several policy and fiscal measures have contributed to the rapid expansion of the progress during the last few years. This paper presents a review of renewable energy programme and vision in India. The present situation is seen to be much more promising and favourable for renewables.     

构建适应可再生能源资源特点的新型电力体系

从节能减排、重构能源供应体系出发,阐述了可再生能源在未来能源体系中的作用,分析了可再生能源发展面临的主要制约因素,提出构建适应可再生能源资源特点的新型电力系统主要措施,强调构建新型电力系统既要保障电力系统的安全可靠运行,又要充分发挥可再生新能源清洁环保的作用,推动能源体系由以石化能源为主向以可再生能源为主的转变。     

力促大规模非水可再生能源发展

综述了我国能源与电力可持续发展的现状和未来,着重阐述了风力发电、光伏发电、太阳能热发电等可再生能源发电发展的主要特点和问题,最后建议加快规划与部署建设以可再生能源为主体的综合能源基地,积极构建我国能源可持续发展体系。     

Technical and financial aspects of renewable energy applications in Poland

The technical and financial aspects of renewable energy applications in Poland are analysed. The main characteristic statistics of the Polish energy situation are presented. The emphasis is put on the technical and financial problems of when and how different renewable sources can be useful and efficient in Polish conditions. The important issue is to identify the energy sectors where the implementation of renewable energy can give good results, improving in an evident way, energy efficiency and the environment. In the paper, examples of renewable energy applications supported by national environmental funds are described.     

美国可再生能源发电的规划及对中国的影响

在全球资源危机的大形势下,美国为占领可再生能源产业的制高点,对风能、太阳能、水电、地热能、生物能等可再生能源发电的未来发展做了一个全方位的分析。从资源技术现状和部署等方面深入剖析,对美国可再生能源发电的前景和实施方案有了更加直观的认识,从而对我国发展可再生能源发电应用提供有益的借鉴。     

山西能源产业发展概况

叙述了山西省能源产业的发展现状以及“十一五”期间煤炭工业、电力工业、新能源和可再生能源方面开展的主要工作,提出了今后山西省能源产业在煤炭工业、电力工业、新能源和可再生能源方面发展的思路。     

The greenhouse effect: A new source of energy

Climate change induced by global warming is a result of an excess of energy at the earth’s surface due to the greenhouse effect. But a new energy management can reverse the situation taking advantage of the greenhouse effect to produce renewable energy. In fact, both the renewable energy and the energy consumed which are not dissipated into heat are subtracted from the excess of energy produced by the greenhouse effect and contribute to mitigate climate change. This opens perspectives to harness the greenhouse effect [F. Meunier, Domestiquer l’effet de serre, Dunod, 2005]. Should all the primary energy be renewable energy and should part of the energy production not dissipated into heat, the present earth’s energy imbalance should be beneficial and should serve to produce renewable energy.     

Renewable and sustainable energy use in Turkey: a review

Turkey is an energy importing nation with more than half of our energy requirements met by imported fuels. Air pollution is becoming a significant environmental concern in the country. In this regard, renewable energy resources are becoming attractive for sustainable energy development and environmental pollution mitigation in Turkey. Turkey's geographical location has several advantages for extensive use of most of these renewable energy sources. Because of this and our limited fossil fuel resources, a gradual shift from fossil fuels to renewables seems to be a serious alternative for Turkey's energy future. This article presents a review of the present energy situation and assesses sustainability, technical, and economical potential of renewable energy sources, and future policies for the energy sector in Turkey. Throughout the paper, problems relating to renewable energy sources, environment, and sustainable development are discussed for both current and future energy investments. The renewable energy potential of the country and its present status are evaluated.     

可再生能源在香港的应用前景

分析了香港的能源和环境的现状和形势，并结合香港的气候特点，提出了利用香港的可再生能源缓解香港日益严峻的能源问题和环境污染问题。并初步分析了各种可再生能源的基本发展状况和利用前景，对今后香港的能源发展和结构调整具有一定的参考意义。     

Promotion of renewable energy in Baltic States

Baltic States have quite limited own energy resources. In the accession agreement with EU Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia have verified their targets to increase the share of electricity produced from renewable energy sources (RES-E) by the year 2010. Lithuania has target to increase RES-E from 3.3 to 7%, Latvia—from 42.4 to 49.3% and Estonia—from 0.2 to 5.1%. Promotion of use of renewable energy sources are among the priorities of energy policy in Baltic States. More wide use of renewable energy can make a valuable contribution to diversification of energy supply and increase of reliability of energy supply and to meeting GHG emission reduction targets. The article presents a detailed overview of the present policies and measures implemented in Baltic States aiming to support the use of renewable energy sources. The article presents a review of the present renewable situation in Baltic States and analyses policies and measures in place aiming to enhance use of renewables. The review of possibilities to use EU structural funds for the implementation of renewable energy projects in Baltic States was performed in the paper.     

促进可再生能源市场化的省内中长期运行策略研究

针对可再生能源市场化进程的加快,结合中国电力市场建设现状,对促进可再生能源市场化消纳的省级中长期交易机制以及与现货市场的衔接问题进行研究。利用资源分布特点,提出以可再生能源消纳及常规机组合约完成进度偏差为目标的电量分解模型,针对可再生能源的不确定性,提出基于多场景集的ANFIS预测技术进行可再生能源中长期电量预测,以此为基础进行电量分解,提升可再生能源利用率;建立计及中长期合约分解电量及可再生能源出力不确定性的日前市场出清策略,保证中长期合约电量的物理执行,实现与现货市场的有序衔接。最后通过算例分析验证所提模型的有效性和实用性。     

Renewable energy and sustainable development in Turkey

Achieving solutions to environmental problems that we face today requires long-term potential actions for sustainable development. In this regard, renewable energy resources appear to be the one of the most efficient and effective solutions. So clean, domestic and renewable energy is commonly accepted as the key for future life for Turkey. Turkey's geographical location has several advantages for extensive use of most of these renewable energy sources. Because of this and the fact that it has limited fossil fuel resources, a gradual shift from fossil fuels to renewables seems to be serious and the sole alternative for Turkey. This article presents a review of the present energy situation and sustainability, technical and economical potential of renewable energy sources and future policies for the energy sector in Turkey. Also, potential solutions to current environmental problems are identified along with renewable energy technologies. Throughout the paper several problems relating to renewable energy sources, environment and sustainable development are discussed from both current and future perspectives. The renewable energy potential of the country and their present use are evaluated here based on the available data. The present study shows that there is an important potential for renewables in Turkey.     

废弃矿井资源的可再生能源开发利用

随着中国煤炭供给侧改革的深入,煤炭淘汰落后产能工作持续推进,废弃煤矿数量将逐步增加,开展废弃矿井煤及可再生能源开发利用战略研究具有重要的意义。文章梳理了中国废弃矿井可再生能源开发利用现状及存在的问题,分析了废弃矿井可再生能源开发利用模式,评价了废弃矿井可再生能源开发利用前景,提出了废弃矿井可再生能源开发利用的发展建议。     

Energy efficiency and renewable energy policy in the Czech Republic within the framework of accession to the European Union

The main barrier for end-use energy efficiency and renewable energy in the Czech Republic is the lack of a stable political and regulatory framework. Market incentives can only properly work if the market conditions and restrictions are clear and stable. However, no comprehensive policies and regulation have been implemented in the Czech Republic. Although the acquis communautaire of the European Union includes regulation on energy efficiency and renewable energy, this topic remains low on the negotiation agenda for accession. This paper reports on the current situation in the Czech Republic, including the potentials for end-use energy efficiency and renewable energy, on the existing policy and regulatory framework, and on the remaining gaps with the requirements of accession to the European Union. Also, the impact of the recent increase of nuclear capacity on energy efficiency and renewable energy in the Czech Republic is discussed.     

中国可再生能源发展分析

全球正面临着化石资源枯竭和气候变化的双重危机,中国作为一个迅速崛起的发展中国家,节能减排的压力巨大,而大规模发展可再生能源是我国调整能源结构、发展低碳经济的有效途径.介绍了我国目前化石资源短缺、温室气体排放、可再生能源发展的概况,阐述了我国从自身国情出发开发可再生能源的必要性和紧迫性,并指出我国可再生能源产业在政府强有...     

国际金融危机背景下中国可再生能源企业国际并购策略分析

2008年美国金融海啸和2010年以来欧债危机并没有阻止可再生能源产业前进的步伐。本文从对海外重点地区可再生能源市场、国际并购交易形势分析着手,提出了中国可再生能源企业国际并购中应遵循的"六项原则"和坚持的"五项策略",为国内企业在当前复杂的经济形势下国际并购决策提供参考依据。     

China's energy situation in the new millennium

Many are interested in China's energy situation, however, many energy related issues in China still remain unanswered, for example, what are the potential forces driving energy demand and supply? Previous reviews focused only on fossil fuel based energy and ignored other important elements including renewable and ‘clean’ energy sources. The work presented here is intended to fill this gap by bringing the research on fossil-based and renewable energy economic studies together and identifying the potential drivers behind both energy demand and supply to provide a complete picture of China's energy situation in the new millennium. This will be of interest to anyone concerned with the development of China's economy in general and the energy economy, in particular.