含钛炉渣冶炼硅钛铁合金时渣中TiO2贫化规律

研究了含钛炉渣电热法冶炼硅钛铁合金时渣中ＴｉＯ２的贫化规律，计算了以硅铝铁作还原剂冶炼硅钛铁合金时渣中ＴｉＯ２含量与冶炼时间，还原剂配入量之间的关系；试验结果与理论计算一致。     

碳对含钛高炉渣钠化反应热力学及钠化率的影响

为高效回收含钛高炉渣中钛元素,探索含钛高炉渣综合利用的新工艺。通过热力学计算分析了含钛高炉渣钠化可行性,热力学计算结果表明,在高于碳酸钠熔点1 124 K低于1 423 K的温度范围内进行含钛高炉渣的钠化反应是可行的。采用渣碱共熔法对含钛高炉渣进行钠化试验研究,结果表明,碳可以促进含钛高炉渣的钠化,随着配碳量的增加,含钛高炉渣的钠化率增加,在含钛高炉渣粒径d0为0.075 mm、反应温度为1 423 K、反应时间为2 h的条件下,当配碳量为nC∶nNa_2CO_3=2∶1时,含钛高炉渣的钠化率达到78%并维持稳定状态。     

马钢冶炼含钛矿炉渣性能的研究

通过对马钢第一，第二炼铁厂高炉现场炉渣及试验室配制渣样的性能测试与矿相分析，得出含钛矿炉渣的合理渣系结构，并建立了含钛炉渣性能与其成分裼 数学模型和配矿-炉渣在线操作系统模型。     

高钛泡沫渣形成过程与炉料结构

分析了钛渣物化性能诸因素的相关性及其对起泡的作用,结合实验研究讨论了炉料结构对成渣及泡沫渣形成的影响,并借助热力学计算探讨了高钛渣起泡的控制因素。     

不同含钛物料对球团抗压强度的影响

含钛球团具有冶金性能良好、品位高、渣量少等优点,被广泛用作高炉护炉料。本文就不同含钛物料对球团抗压强度的影响进行了研究。结果表明:配加低钛矿粉和高钛矿粉均使得球团抗压强度降低;而配加TiO_2试剂有助于球团抗压强度改善;随着焙烧温度升高,无论是配加钛矿粉还是配加钛试剂的球团,抗压均呈现增大的趋势。     

应用钛砂生产含钛球团矿的试验研究

含钛球团具有品位高、渣量少等诸多优点,是目前高炉护炉的主要原料。通过试验研究,探索了用钛砂生产含钛球团的可行性。结果表明,配加钛砂对造球、焙烧影响不大;含钛球团爆裂温度较低,可以通过适当降低生球水分和膨润土配比来提高爆裂温度;含钛球团冶金性能满足要求。生产中,可根据高炉实际情况选择适宜的钛砂配加比例。     

以含钛碳化渣为集料制备碳纤维导电水泥砂浆

以含钛高炉渣的碳化产物（含钛碳化渣）为集料，以碳纤维为导电相，制备了导电水泥砂浆。测试了含钛碳化渣-碳纤维水泥砂浆在不同碳纤维含量下的抗折、抗压强度和电阻率，并与标准砂-碳纤维水泥砂浆进行了性能比较。结果显示，以含钛碳化渣替代标准砂作为集料，不仅能显著提升碳纤维水泥砂浆的抗压和抗折强度，使其满足建筑水泥砂浆的要求，还将导电水泥砂浆的渗流阈值从0.5%降低至0.2%。当碳纤维含量为2.0%时，以含钛碳化渣作为集料的水泥砂浆表现出优异的性能：28 d抗压和抗折强度分别为39.9 MPa和10.2 MPa，湿润条件下电阻率为10.7Ω·m，干燥条件下电阻率为10.9Ω·m。该研究既为含钛高炉渣的再利用提供了一种新思路，也为导电水泥基复合材料的制备提供了新选择。     

电炉熔炼攀枝花钛铁矿制取酸溶性钛渣的研究

钛渣的酸溶性决定于它的物相结构,具有理想黑钛石固溶体结构的钛渣是理想的酸溶性钛渣,由此导出了钛渣的酸溶性与其化学组成之间的定量关系。在1800千伏安电炉中熔炼攀枝花钛铁矿（含TiO_2 45.7％）制取的钛渣（含∑TiO_2 78.2％）具有良好的酸溶性。熔炼这种酸溶性钛渣与熔炼氯化法钛渣（含∑TiO_2 82％左右）比较,电耗显著降低,产能大幅度提高。综合国内外有关研究,分析了CaO和MgO在熔炼过程中的行为。CaO是熔炼钛渣的良好助熔剂,但MgO仅在熔炼还原度较小的钛渣时才具有助熔作用。酸溶性钛渣中Ti_2O_3:TiO_2<0.3,这种钛渣具有较低的熔点、粘度和导电率,从而降低了熔炼电耗,提高了炉产能。在熔炼还原度较大的钛渣（Ti_2O_3:TiO_2>0.3）时,MgO加剧钛渣的稠化,对熔炼过程产生不良影响。因此,含高MgO的攀枝花钛铁矿较适于用来制取酸溶性钛渣。     

高钛渣起泡性与渣铁形成的相互关系

本文针对高炉冶炼钒钛矿时炉渣的起泡现象,在实验室内模拟高炉冶炼条件,研讨了钒钛矿冶炼过程中,炉料结构及性能与渣铁形成的关系,渣铁形成与渣的起泡性的相互关系,从而寻找一条从改变炉料组成及性能着手,以改变渣铁的形成过程,达到改善炉渣性能,抑制渣的起泡的目的,从炉内控制渣的起泡性能力,为实现高炉全钒钛矿冶炼提供依据。     

全密闭直流电炉生产氯化钛渣技术及应用

介绍了世界钛渣生产的技术现状及全密闭直流电炉生产钛渣的技术特点，分析了氯化钛渣生产过程中的技术控制关键，指出全密闭直流电炉生产氯化钛渣技术成熟可靠，优势突出，具有重要的推广意义。     

含TiO2碱性炼钢渣发泡性能的研究

在实验室条件下,对含ＴｉＯ２的碱性炼钢渣发泡性能及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明：ＴｉＯ２碱性渣系具有良好的发泡性能,且在高温还原条件下泡沫稳定。还探讨了ＴｉＯ２对炉渣物性及对渣的发泡性能的影响。     

熔渣中BaO和TiO2在不同条件下对钢液氮含量的影响

 为了研究渣系中的BaO和TiO2在不同的实验条件下对钢液氮含量变化规律的影响,选用CaO SiO2 Al2O3碱性渣作为基础渣系。向基础渣系中添加BaO和TiO2配成不同的渣系组成进行实验。通过分析实验结果得出，在真空下渣系中的BaO和TiO2对钢液氮含量的影响作用明显强于其它条件下的作用。     

炼钢过程中熔渣泡沫化的研究现状

熔渣泡沫化是冶金过程中普遍存在的现象。通过文献调研前人对熔渣泡沫化的相关研究,总结熔渣的物理性质（黏度、表面张力）、化学组成（CaO、SiO2、FeO、MgO、P2O5等）等特性对熔渣泡沫化指数的影响,并结合转炉实际总结讨论冶炼过程的温度、脱碳速率等控制因素对熔池熔渣泡沫化高度的影响。针对转炉冶炼前期熔渣低温泡沫化的现象,结合调研总结提出相应的转炉冶炼前期熔渣泡沫化的控制措施,并就熔渣泡沫化今后的研究重点提出意见。     

Modelling of slag foaming

Abstract

In this work, silicone oils of different viscosities were used to simulate slag foaming. The experimental results showed that the variations of foaming height with superficial gas velocity and liquid viscosity do not show simple increasing trends. At a constant viscosity, foaming height increased first and then started decreasing with increasing superficial velocity. Similarly, a maximum foaming height was observed at an optimum viscosity when a constant gas flowrate was applied. The foaming height started decreasing with further increasing viscosity. Based on the experimental data, a semiempirical equation of foaming height was developed. The predictions of the model agreed well with experimental data. The model could also reasonably well explain the industrial pilot trial experiments. The experimental results with paraffin particle additions indicated that a small amount of particle addition moved the onset of foaming to lower superficial velocity. However, the increase in viscosity due to the presence of solid particles was found not the main reason for the increase in foaming height.     

铁水脱硅过程泡沫渣的基本特征

采用Ｘ光透视装置,直接观察了铁水脱硅过程泡沫渣现象,结果表明：当脱硅剂投入铁水,泡沫渣随即升腾,以烧结矿为脱硅剂时,泡沫渣从激烈、平缓、再升高,最后塌落,以富矿粉、铁鳞为脱硅剂,泡沫渣起始激烈、逐渐衰减。泡沫渣的孔隙度高,后期脱渣中有铁珠悬浮。     

精炼炉熔渣泡沫化的实验研究

对精炼炉深渣的泡沫化进行了实验室研究了半工业性的实验研究。实验在硅化钼棒炉和１０００ｋｇ感应炉内进行,考究了熔渣碱度、熔渣中ＣａＦ２含量及发泡剂配比对发泡效果的影响。在分析大量实验数据的基础上,对熔渣发泡机理进行了探讨。研究结果表明：所研究的ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－ＭｇＯ－Ａ１２Ｏ３渣系,在碱度为１．０～１．２、ＣａＦ２含量为６％～８％和碳加入量过剩指数为１．４～１．５时,发泡效果较好。     

Physical modelling of slag-foaming phenomenon resulted from inside-origin gas formation reaction

Slag foaming is a common phenomenon in the metallurgical process that negatively influence the blast furnace when smelting some special ores such as V-Ti-magnetite. Inside-origin gas plays a leading role during this foaming phenomenon. This study performed a room-temperature simulation of slag foaming from inside-origin gas. Results showed that foaming height increased with increased the amount of inside-origin gas. Higher liquid viscosity caused lower foaming height, which was opposite to the slag-foaming regularity caused by outside-origin gas. Higher surface tension benefited the suppression of the foaming phenomenon and shortened the foaming elimination time. The effect of solid particles on the foaming phenomenon was not monotonic, i.e. the maximum foaming height initially increased and then decreased with increased number of particles. Particles with better solution wettability caused higher foam because they can easily adhere onto film, thereby enhancing elasticity and extending film life. Small particle size benefited the foam. The experimental data were in accordance with the model predictions based on the estimated bubble sizes, which proved that the model developed by Zhu and Du helped predict foaming height caused by chemical reaction.     

泡沫渣中CO还原FetO的实验研究

考察了ＣＯ流量、添加焦炭颗粒和表面活性组元Ｐ２Ｏ５对泡沫渣中ＣＯ还原ＦｅｔＯ的影响。在浸没喷吹ＣＯ条件下，ＣＯ还原ＦｅｔＯ速度随溶渣泡沫化程度增大而增大。添加灰颗粒有抑制泡沫化的作用，ＦｅｔＯ还原速度降低，而添加Ｐ２Ｏ５促进了熔渣泡沫化，还原速度增大。     

Formation and effects of slag foaming in smelting reduction

Research was carried out on the foaming phenomenon in the bath of the smelting reduction process with a hydrodynamic model and with high-temperature experiments. There are two mechanisms of slag foaming: when foam is generated by injected gas, the height of the slag foaming can be regulated. Contrarily, the production of gas during the reduction of iron oxides causes slag foaming which can hardly be controlled. High temperature as well as low slag basicity reduce the foam stability. In smelting reduction a large slag volume is expected. A rinse-spot in the slag layer, which can prevent slag foaming, disappears under these conditions. Wall-effects play an important role for the foam stability.     

A multiphase fluid mechanics approach to gas holdup in bath smelting processes

In slag-based, smelting-reduction processes, the overflow of slag from the vessel is considered a major limitation to productivity; this phenomenon is commonly called slag foaming. While much has been learned from laboratory-scale studies of foaming, the superficial gas velocities are well below those encountered in production (centimeters per second compared to meters per second). A multiphase fluid dynamic model was developed to determine the relationship between gas velocity and void fraction (holdup) at industrial production rates. In the model, the drag between the gas and slag is balanced against the weight of the slag. Within the framework of the model, the only unknown quantity is a drag factor which can be extracted from experimental data. Values of this factor from water models, smelting-reduction converters, and other slag systems fall in a narrow range. The model can be used to estimate slag height in smelting-reduction vessels. The behavior of slags at high rates of gas injection is markedly different from foaming observed at low flow rates.