深层发酵生产红菇菌丝体和多糖的培养基优化研究

研究了采用液体发酵法生产红菇菌丝体及红菇多糖的发酵培养基。研究了碳源、氮源和金属离子对红菇细胞生长及红菇多糖的影响。结果表明:葡萄糖作为最佳碳源有利于细胞生长和胞内外多糖等代谢产物的积累而获得高的多糖产率;酵母膏作为最适氮源能获得最高的菌丝生物量、胞外多糖产量和多糖产率,尽管此时胞内多糖处于一个稍低水平;金属离子也对细胞生长具有影响,在锌离子存在的情形下能够获得最佳的细胞生长及代谢产物累积效果。在最优化培养基的条件下,细胞干重、胞外多糖、胞内多糖、总多糖及多糖产率分别达到20.94g/L,1.54g/L,78.11mg/g,2.95g/L和8.13%。     

白灵菇产胞外多糖液体培养条件优化

以菌丝体生物量及发酵液中胞外多糖(exopolysaccharides,EPS)含量为指标对白灵菇产胞外多糖的液体培养基组成和发酵条件进行了优化。结果表明,最适碳源是麦芽糖,最适氮源是酵母膏。正交实验确定最佳培养基组成为麸皮200g/L,麦芽糖25g/L,酵母膏3g/L,KH2PO41g/L,MgSO·47H2O1g/L。最佳发酵条件为起始pH8.0,培养温度25℃,摇床转速160r/min,装液量100mL/250mL,接种量0.50cm2菌种块,发酵时间4d。在此条件下,白灵菇菌丝体生物量(0.413g/100mL)及胞外多糖含量(2403.2mg/L)分别是对照(0.177g/100mL和664.533mg/L)的2.3倍和3.6倍。     

云芝菌株CV1液体发酵的工艺研究

利用CV1菌株液体发酵生产云芝多糖,分别考察培养基碳源、培养基氮源、碳源浓度、氮源浓度、无机盐对该菌株产云芝多糖性能的影响,采用正交实验法确立了云芝CV1产胞外多糖的最佳培养基:蔗糖:4%,大豆粉:5%;KH2PO4:0.1%;MgSO4:0.1%;在摇床转速:200r/min、发酵温度:26-28℃、发酵周期:65h、培养基初始pH值:自然条件下云芝CV1的胞外粗多糖(EPS)含量可达7.458g/L,菌丝体(Biomass)可达64.619g/L。     

基于胞外多糖和菌丝生物量的香菇发酵培养基优化

为研究液体发酵培养基对香菇胞外多糖和菌丝生物量的影响,以秦巴山区香菇808菌株为试材,采用Plackett-Burman设计实验、最陡爬坡实验和响应曲面法对其液体发酵培养基的碳源、氮源和其它营养物质进行优化。结果表明,香菇胞外多糖发酵培养基的最佳组合是(g/500 m L):蔗糖7.18,玉米粉15.00,麦麸14.05,酵母膏0.35,KH2PO40.50,Mg SO4·7H2O 0.50,p H自然,胞外多糖实测值为0.967 g/500 m L;香菇菌丝生物量发酵培养基的最佳组合是(g/500 m L):蔗糖7.18,玉米粉15.00,麦麸14.05,酵母膏0.35,KH2PO40.75,Mg SO4·7H2O 0.50,p H自然,菌丝生物量实测值为28.146 g/500 m L。优化后的香菇胞外多糖产量和菌丝生物量较优化前分别提高12.44%和11.00%。此研究结果可为香菇液体发酵的中试生产提供理论依据。     

冬虫夏草液体发酵生产多糖和菌丝体的研究

本实验采用液体发酵冬虫夏草生产菌丝体和多糖。通过单因素试验,确定利用蔗糖酵母膏液体培养基发酵生产多糖和菌丝体的最佳条件为：接种量5%、温度26℃、培养时间4d,通气流量1L/min。     

产茁霉多糖菌株的筛选和初步发酵

通过对3株产茁霉多糖菌株出芽短梗霉As3.0933,CICC40333和GIM3.44的发酵性能进行比较,选择出一株多糖产量高、多糖转化率高和产色素水平低的菌株,同时研究了培养基组分和发酵条件对该菌株发酵的影响.结果表明:As3.0933菌株的多糖产量(4.75 g/L)和多糖转化率(9.51%)为最高,色素产量居中,As3.0933可作为进一步诱变研究的出发菌株;发酵最佳碳源为蔗糖,浓度70 g/L,最佳氮源NH4NO3和酵母膏,浓度分别为0.2g/L和1 g/L.最优发酵条件为初始pH6、温度28℃、装液量30%、摇瓶转速200 r/min.在此条件下,As3.0933多糖产量为8.42 g/L(多糖转化率为12.03%).     

不同发酵条件对酿酒酵母产胞内胞壁多糖的影响

为提高酿酒酵母产多糖能力,了解酿酒酵母生长情况、代谢中间产物等特性,实现对酵母菌的综合利用,进一步扩大微生物多糖来源范围,本文对酿酒酵母发酵培养基中的碳源、氮源及碳源、氮源浓度配比对胞内及胞壁多糖产量的影响进行了研究,同时通过正交试验,对pH、装液量、时间、接种量等发酵条件进行了优化。得出发酵培养基最佳组合：葡萄糖5%、酵母浸粉0.5%、KH2PO40.1%。用此培养基,胞内多糖高产最佳发酵条件为培养基初始pH 5.0,装液量60mL/250mL,接种量为5%,发酵时间为2d,产量可达5.650mg/mL;胞壁多糖高产最佳发酵条件为初始pH为5.0,装液量为50mL/250mL,接种量为5%,产量为0.489mg/mL。     

海洋弧菌Vibrio sp.prol产碱性蛋白酶发酵条件的研究

对一株产碱性蛋白酶海洋弧菌(Vibrio sp.prol)的发酵条件进行了单因素和正交试验,研究了不同碳源、无机氮源、pH值、温度、装液量、接种量等对产酶的影响.结果表明,液体培养基最佳组成为蛋白胨5.0g/L,酵母膏1.0g/L,硝酸钾0.6g/L,氯化镁4.0g/L.摇瓶培养的最佳条件为初始pH值为8.5,发酵温度33℃,装液量40.0mL,接种量2.0mL,优化后产酶量提高了6.3倍.     

海洋弧菌Vibrio sp.pro1产碱性蛋白酶发酵条件的研究

对一株产碱性蛋白酶海洋弧菌(Vibrio sp.pro1)的发酵条件进行了单因素和正交试验,研究了不同碳源、无机氮源、pH值、温度、装液量、接种量等对产酶的影响。结果表明,液体培养基最佳组成为蛋白胨5.0g/L,酵母膏1.0g/L,硝酸钾0.6g/L,氯化镁4.0g/L。摇瓶培养的最佳条件为初始pH值为8.5,发酵温度33℃,装液量40.0mL,接种量2.0mL,优化后产酶量提高了6.3倍。     

液体发酵生产古尼虫草多糖的营养条件优化

以提高古尼虫草菌丝体多糖的产量为目的,对古尼虫草液体发酵的营养条件进行优化.以三角瓶摇床培养中胞内多糖产量作为优化指标,对培养基中碳源、氮源的种类及添加量进行了筛选.碳源单因素实验结果表明最佳碳源为蔗糖,添加量为4％,此时胞内多糖产量高达147.40mg/100mL;氮源单因素实验结果显示蛋白胨为最佳氮源,添加量为1.0％,此时胞内多糖产量高达102.49mg/100mL.正交实验优化后营养条件为:蔗糖4％,蛋白胨1.0％,KH2PO40.05％,MgSO4·7H20 0.1％,在此条件下,多糖产量可达(181.5±2.3) mg/100mL.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the