码率嵌入式高码率差分空时编码

为了提高传输码率,将具有高码率的全分集全码率(FDFR)空时码嵌入到低码率的传统差分空时编码中,提出了一种码率嵌入式的差分空时编码方法,该编码方案具有编码增益高,误码性能好等优点.仿真结果表明,与传统的差分空时编码方案(酉差分空时编码和差分空时分组编码)相比,新编码方法具有很好的误码性能,特别是在高传输码率和接收天线较多情况下,其误码性能优势越明显.     

一种新的水声MIMO空时频编码技术

基于贝尔实验室垂直分层空时编码（Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space-Time,VBLAST）的水声多输入多输出（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO）通信技术,通过充分开发空间资源,可在不增加系统带宽的条件下成倍提高数据传输速率,是一种极具潜力的高速水下通信技术。但由于其接收信号中同时含有同频干扰及多径干扰,当信道多径扩展严重时,其性能下降严重。为此,提出一种新的空时频编码技术,该技术通过将各层信号调制到彼此正交的子载波上,不但可在接收端完全消除同频干扰,同时还能获得频率分集增益,从而使水声MIMO通信系统的性能获得极大改善。仿真及湖试结果证明了其有效性。     

STBC-OFDM技术在水声通信中的试验研究

空时分组编码（Space Time Block Coding,STBC）技术能够获得满发射分集增益并且译码简单,而正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM）技术可对抗水声信道中的多径干扰和实现较高的频谱利用率。设计了将空时分组编码与正交频分复用相结合（STBC-OFDM）的高速水声通信系统方案,并进行了湖上试验研究。湖试中,在1200m距离下,带宽为4.32kHz时有效传输速率为3.328kbps,误比特率低于10-5。湖试结果表明,STBC-OFDM技术在高速水声通信中的应用潜力。     

MIMO水声通信中的空时分组扩展编码方案探讨

采用多输入多输出（MIMO）结构和空时编码可以使水声通信系统获得分集增益,改善系统性能。针对水声信道中的频率选择性衰落,研究了一种用于MIMO水声通信系统的空时分组扩展编码方案（STBSC）,利用正交扩频编码克服了水声信道中多径干扰对空时分组编码（STBC）信号正交性的破坏。给出了方案的系统模型和实现框图,采用MIMO水声模型对方案的性能进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,STBSC方案在多径水声信道中可以得到完全发射分集。最后介绍了方案的水库试验,试验结果表明了方案的有效性。     

差分跳频码性能检验研究

差分跳频是一种新的扩展频谱通信技术．在介绍差分跳频基本原理的基础上，将差分跳频的频率跳变过程建模成齐次马尔可夫链．分析了G函数的功能，重点讨论了差分跳频码性能的检验方法，包括不可约性、频隙滞留、均匀性和随机性检验，其中频隙滞留是首次提出应用于差分跳频码性能的检验．这些检验方法对于差分跳频G函数的设计具有一定的指导意义．     

基于OFDM编码的水声通信差分解码技术

正交频分复用（OFDM）具有良好的抗频率选择性衰落性能,抗多径和脉冲噪声能力强,同时具有在高效带宽利用率情况下的高速传输能力以及简单的实现方法。OFDM在应用中也存在一些问题,例如对频率偏移和相位噪声敏感等。研究了基于正交频分复用编码的水声通信差分解码技术。所提出的差分解码方案通过测量相邻OFDM信号的相位差进行解码,从而降低了信道时变特性对水声通信系统的影响,特别是相位误差的累积效应。湖上试验数据差分解码的结果显示了所提方案的有效性,极大地降低了通信系统的误码率。     

基于光学锁相环的高稳定度激光稳频方法研究

报道了一种基于光学锁相环的高稳定度激光稳频方法,用于提高可调谐外腔半导体激光器(TECDL)的频率稳定度和准确度。自行研制的光学锁相环电路采用数字鉴相与差分运算相结合的方式获得高灵敏度的鉴频鉴相误差信号,并通过高速模拟PID实现整个系统的闭环锁定。利用该光学锁相环系统进行了TECDL偏频锁定至光学频率梳(OFC)的实验,实验结果表明环路锁定后拍频频率波动在±0.3Hz范围内,偏置频率为50MHz时,光学锁相环系统在1s和1000s积分时间的相对阿伦方差分别为1.5×10^-9和8.5×10^-13。系统锁定后,拍频线宽由500kHz压缩至2kHz。该研究表明采用基于光学锁相环的激光稳频方法可以实现亚Hz级的激光频差控制,通过将TECDL偏频锁定至高稳定度的参考激光源可显著提高其频率稳定度,使其能够满足超精密测量、冷原子/离子干涉测量等领域对激光频率稳定度和准确度的要求。     

基于空时编码的分集技术

近年来,为了提高无线频谱的利用率,一些学者提出了一种结合分集发送、调制和编码的空时码。空时码是应用于无线通信中的一种新的编码和信号处理技术,它将信道编码技术与分集技术相结合,从而提高信号在无线衰落信道中传输的可靠性,采用这种技术以后,可以大幅度地提高无线通信系统的信息容量和传输速率,并能有效地提高抗噪声和抗干扰的能力。     

协作通信中一种非差分分布式空时码

构建了一种循环酉矩阵群的非差分分布式空时码,该码字基于一个简易的三跳通信信道模型,可以应用于信道状态不是特别优良,或者由于通信距离两节点之间不能实现直接通信的情况,也可以应用于Ad hoc网络.在源节点处用循环对角酉矩阵群来构建发送码字,利用分集和的方法得到最优生成矩阵.在中继处利用广义Hadamard矩阵构建中继酉矩阵,对信号进行酉线性处理.并得出三跳通信模型下部分相干分布式空时码的译码公式,根据此公式得到如何选择生成矩阵来提高系统性能.最后对该码字进行仿真对比,得出在低信噪比情况下,两跳通信系统性能比三跳模型的好,但是在高信噪比下三跳通信模型要比两跳的更为优良,并且比差分编码性能提高3dB左右.     

一种稳健的水声MIMO通信系统调制技术

作为一种极具潜力的高速水下通信技术,基于VBLAST（贝尔实验室垂直分层空时）编码调制的水声MIMO通信技术,借助于空间复用,可在不增加系统带宽的条件下成倍提高数据传输速率。但由于同时受到同频干扰及多径干扰的影响,当信道多径扩展严重时,基于VBLAST调制的水声MIMO通信系统性能下降严重。为此,提出一种新的调制技术,该技术通过将各层信号调制到彼此正交的子载波上,可完全消除同频干扰,从而有效改善系统误码性能,显著提高系统的稳健性。仿真结果证明了所提调制技术的良好性能。     

Super-orthogonal space-time-frequency trellis coded OFDM

Super-orthogonal space-time trellis codes (SOSTTCs) given in the literature are full rate and provide full spatial diversity with high coding gain in narrowband quasistatic fading channels. The high number of parallel transitions in their trellis structure restricts their performance in wideband channels where the code performance suffers from multipath. Code design criteria are derived and a computer search based method is proposed to design full-rate optimised SOSTTCs exploiting full spatial and multipath diversity for multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. The proposed codes have codewords defined in space, time, and frequency. We evaluate the codeword error rates of the new 16, 32 and 64-state super-orthogonal space-time-frequency trellis codes for quadrature phase shift keying by computer simulation and show that they provide significant error performance improvement compared to their counterparts with equivalent delay length     

BER analysis of space-time diversity in CDMA systems over frequency-selective fading channels

The performance of direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) using space-time spreading system, over frequency-selective fading channels, is investigated. The underlying transmit diversity scheme, previously introduced in the literature, is based on two transmit and one receive antenna. It was shown that when employed in flat fast-fading channels, the received signal quality can be improved by utilising the spatial and temporal diversities at the receiver side. We study the problem of multiuser interference in asynchronous CDMA systems that employ transmit/receive diversity using space-time spreading. To overcome the effects of interference, a decorrelator detector is used at the base station. Considering binary phase-shift keying transmission, we analyse the system performance in terms of its probability of bit error. In particular, we derive the probability of error over frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels for both fast and slow-fading channels. For the fast-fading channel, both simulations and analytical results show that the full system diversity is achieved. On the other hand, when considering a slow-fading channel, we show that the scheme reduces to conventional space-time spreading schemes where the diversity order is half of that of fast-fading.     

Iterative low-complexity multi-user detection for asynchronous multi-sequence signalling based bit-interleaved coded modulation code division multiple access systems

An uplink direct sequence spread spectrum communications systems employing a multi-sequence model over a quasi-static frequency-selective fading channel is considered. In analogy with bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) technique, a group of bits at the output of a bit-wise interleaver is mapped uniquely to a complex signalling vector belonging to an orthogonal plane sequence modulation signal space, which is constructed over a set of expanded signature sequences. This transmission system provides not only bandwidth efficiency offered by additional signal planes but also time diversity resulting from the BICM technique. It is observed that at high system traffic load error performance could degrade substantially due to user cross-correlations, multi-access asynchronism as well as channel frequency selectivity. The authors employ a 'turbo principle' receiver, consisting of a soft interference cancellation scheme, soft demappers and maximum a posteriori decoders, to avert this capacity loss by exploiting the serially concatenating structure at the transmitter. After simple mathematical manipulation, a soft space-time linear minimum mean-square error multi-user detector could even be explored on the basis of per signal plane per user. Both analytical performance-bound and computer simulation of the proposed framework in terms of bit-error rate (BER) are revealed. Further, performance comparisons with convolutionally coded and conventional bandwidth-efficient coded direct sequence code division multiple access systems under the same system conditions are illustrated. The authors have also investigated the impact of labelling maps on the BER performance.     

相关MIMO信道下一种特征波束成型方案的性能研究

提出了相关多输入多输出信道下的一种空时分组码、空分复用与波束成型相结合的新方案．该方案利用了发射分集和空分复用所带来的分集和复用增益，并基于接收机反馈的信道相关矩阵设计了一种波束成型器．仿真结果表明，这种方案的性能较传统的方案在高信噪比时能获得较大的改善．     

基于空时块编码和正交脉冲的MIMO系统性能研究

为了有效利用脉冲无线电(IR)的短距离、高数据速率以及多输入多输出(MIMO)通信系统的更大容量,提出了一种基于空时块编码(STBC)和正交脉冲的MIMO超宽带(UWB)通信系统。具体实现是通过对标准单输入单输出(SISO)脉冲无线电系统的直接序列超宽带作为多址(MA)技术的IR-MA信号模型以及信道模型、收发器结构和检测方法的分析,提出了一种把空时块编码和正交脉冲相结合的新方法,并采用FS-rake相干接收(CR)和非相干接收(NCR)技术及IEEE UWB信道模型对其获得的空间分集和编码性能进行了研究,从而得到可以相对较好地描述高信噪比时的性能变化趋势的理论上限值。仿真结果表明,这种STBC-IR方案相比于传统的单链路-脉冲无线电(SL-IR)方案,可获得更好的空间分集和编码增益,可用于增加传输距离和减少rake接收机的复杂性,而且在UWB通信中,STBC-IR方案还能很好地消除定时抖动的影响。     

Selective receiver switching scheme for space time block coding with full code rate and non-orthogonal design

It is desirable to construct a transmission matrix with full code rate as well as full transmit diversity in the design of space time block coding (STBC). For an arbitrary complex constellation, only full rate and full diversity signal matrix with size 2 by 2 is possible, said as Alamouti Code. For a real signal matrix with a size above 8 by 8, it is also impossible to acquire full code rate and full transmit diversity simultaneously. An efficient selective receiver switching scheme is proposed for STBC with the full code rate and non-orthogonal design. In the proposed scheme with the aid of beamforming, the authors divide the received signals into two groups according to the encoded matrix. By this way, the authors can eliminate the interference from the neighbouring signals almost by half. The simulation results with the example of matrix demonstrate that the proposed scheme can provide the improved performance and more under imperfect channel estimation.     

Improving the performance of mobile broadcasting systems using multiple base stations and distributed space?time codes

Error performance of distributed space-time codes used for mobile broadcasting systems consisting of multiple base stations is analysed. The base stations are assumed to operate in a simulcast mode, that is they simultaneously transmit the same message using the same carrier frequency. Mobile users within the intersection of the coverage areas, thus, enjoy a small probability of shadowing and a high probability of at least one line-of-sight (LOS) link. In effect, the base stations establish a virtual multiple-antenna system. The use of a distributed space-time code offers an additional spatial diversity gain. Considering a single user with a fixed (random) position, the impact of shadowing and LOS components on the error performance of the system is analysed and compared with a conventional multiple-antenna system with co-located transmit antennas. Specifically, the analysis shows that already a single LOS link significantly improves the overall system performance. In the case of shadowing, huge diversity gains are obtained in the distributed system. In a system with co-located transmitters, however, the performance improvements compared with a single-antenna system are rather small, when shadowing is taken into account. Altogether, it can be concluded that systems with distributed transmitters are typically superior to conventional multiple-antenna systems (due to macroscopic diversity), and that distributed space-time codes are superior to conventional simulcasting (due to microscopic diversity)     

Optimising quasi-orthogonal STBC through group-constrained linear transformation

The generic algebraic structure of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code (QO-STBC) has been derived, and group-constrained linear transformation (GCLT) as a mean to optimise the diversity and coding gains of a QO-STBC with square or rectangular QAM constellations has been proposed. Compared with QO-STBC with constellation rotation (CR), QO-STBC with GCLT requires only half the number of symbols for joint detection, hence lower maximum-likelihood decoding complexity. The optimum GCLT parameters for QO-STBC with square QAM constellation have been derived analytically. The optimised QO-STBCs with GCLT are able to achieve full-transmit diversity and have negligible performance loss compared with QO-STBCs with CR at the same code rate     

水声通信系统中分布式空时分组码的研究

协作传输可以获得无线信道内在的空间分集,有效改善通信系统的性能,增加通信系统的覆盖范围。对水声通信系统中两中继节点协作的译码转发方案进行了研究,提出了基于译码转发协议(DF)的分布式空时分组扩频编码(DSTBSC)方案,该方案可以克服多径衰落对分布式空时分组码(DSTBC)信号正交性的影响。给出了DSTBSC方案的系统模型,着重分析了在采用两中继译码转发时,中继节点的误码对水声通信系统性能的影响。在接收端不考虑信号冲突的情况进行仿真,结果表明,与直接传输方案相比,采用两中继节点、译码转发的DSTBSC方案,在两中继节点处均无误码和一个中继有误码时在相同的比特误码率(BER)条件下均可获得约4dB的分集增益,增加了传输距离。