用浮选捕收剂处理电解铜废水的试验研究

电解铜废水主要含有Cu₂ 、Pb₂ 、Zn₂ 、Cd₂ 、Ni₂ 等离子,对人类健康和环境危害很大。因此,对电解铜废水进行处理方法的研究十分必要。本文研究用浮选捕集剂乙基黄药处理电解铜废水。研究结果表明：在调节该废水pH = 6.6的条件下,乙基黄药(10%)投加量20.0 mL/L,快搅时间1.5 min,慢搅时间10 min时Cu₂ 、Pb₂ 、Zn₂ 、Cd₂ 、Ni₂ 的去除率均可达到95%,处理后废水中重金属残留浓度均达到了国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-2002)的允许排放浓度或一级标准。对重金属螯合物进行的稳定性研究指出,在pH = 9时,乙基黄药的重金属螯合物中Cu₂ 、Pb₂ 、Zn₂ 的泄漏量均为0 mg/g,Cd₂ 的泄漏量为0.8?10_-3 mg/g,Ni₂ 的泄漏量为14.2?10_-3 mg/g,处理后的污泥稳定性好,对环境无二次污染。浮选捕收剂乙基黄药具有pH应用范围广、操作简单、处理成本低、效果稳定等优点,在重金属废水治理中具有良好的应用前景。     

Attenuation of heavy metal ions by lean grade phosphorite

The sorption of heavy metal ions (Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺) present as a single and as well as multiple species onto a low grade (<15%P₂0₅) carbonatic (CA) and siliceous (SL) phosphorite minerals from Madhya Pradesh (India) was investigated under natural conditions. Sorption of heavy metal ions was found to follow the order: Pb2+ >Cu²⁺ > Zn2+ in the cases of single and multiple species. CA was found effective in removing Pb²⁺, with a Pb removal of 82 – 99.9 % and a maximum L.R.C (lead removal capacity) of 0.082 g of Pb / g of carbonatic phosphorite.     

天然及改性膨润土吸附废水中Pb2+、Ni2+、Cd2+ 的试验研究

用山东潍坊涌泉某膨润土厂生产的天然钙基膨润土和改性膨润土对模拟含Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cd²⁺的废水分别进行了试验研究。结果表明,该厂的天然钙基膨润土和改性膨润土对废水中的Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cd²⁺有较高的去除率,可以作为重金属离子Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cd²⁺的吸附剂使用     

淀粉衍生物DSX的合成及对重金属的吸附

将以氮为中心的交联淀粉与丙烯酰胺进行接枝共聚和磺化,合成了淀粉衍生物硫代氨基淀粉黄原酸盐（DSX）,并通过红外光谱分析对其结构进行了表征。用DSX处理Cu²⁺,Pb²⁺,Zn²⁺,Cd²⁺浓度均为20 mg/L的模拟重金属废水,结果表明,当温度为20 ℃,pH为7,DSX投加量为1.5 g/L,处理时间20 min时,Cu²⁺,Pb²⁺,Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺的吸附去除率分别达到99.5%,99.4%,99.0%,99.2%。     

Removal of Toxic Metal Ions from Sungun Acid Rock Drainage Using Mordenite Zeolite,Graphene Nanosheets,and a Novel Metal–Organic Framework

We evaluated the sorptive properties of mordenite zeolite (MOR), a copper terephthalate metal–organic framework (MOF), and graphene oxide (GO) and their potential use in treating acid rock drainage (ARD) containing Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Cd²⁺ ions. MOR was prepared via a hydrothermal method, MOF was prepared via a solvothermal method, and few-layered GO nanosheets were synthesized using Hummers’ method. The aqueous contaminants were removed by chemico-physical sorption and ion exchange in batch tests. It proved possible to dramatically improve removal efficiency and sorptive capacity by optimizing experimental conditions. Magnetic MOF crystals were more efficient in removing metals than the MOR and GO. Sorption tests using ARD from the Sungun copper mine and a multi-component solution containing cationic metal species revealed that both GO nanosheets and magnetic MOF have great potential for ARD treatment.     

锡石表面铜、铅活化及黄药吸附作用的研究：DFT计算

浮选是微细粒锡石选矿中最重要的方法,其中脱硫是选锡之前的关键作业。对于脱硫过程中所引入的Cu²⁺和丁基黄药(BX),在脱硫阶段会造成锡石的损失,而在后续浮选中残余的丁基黄药会与Pb²⁺发生协同作用捕收少量锡石。本文采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺在锡石的活化机理,以及丁基黄药在锡石表面的吸附。DFT计算结果表明,Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺均能活化锡石,且两种离子的活化机理存在显著性差异。而丁基黄药也对Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺活化后的锡石具有捕收作用,其Pb²⁺活化后的吸附能为-264.3kJ/mol,Cu²⁺活化后的吸附能为-125.5kJ/mol,Pb²⁺活化作用更强,该现象与工业现状一致。Mulliken布居显示,在Pb²⁺活化下,丁基黄药的两个S原子与Pb形成稳定螯合结构,在Cu²⁺活化下,丁基黄药的双键S2原子与Cu形成Cu-S键。     

膨润土吸附水中Zn2+的影响因素研究

研究了邯郸钙基膨润土及其钠化土对Zn²⁺的吸附行为,考察了溶液中Zn²⁺的初始浓度、液固比、pH值、吸附时间、搅拌速度、温度、膨润土粒度等因素对膨润土吸附的影响。结果表明：钙基膨润土及其钠化土对Zn²⁺的吸附在2 h时都基本达到平衡;提高溶液的pH值、吸附温度和搅拌速度,延长吸附时间,降低膨润土的粒度、Zn²⁺的初始浓度和液固比,都能不同程度地提高膨润土对Zn²⁺的吸附率;在混合体系中,共存离子Pb²⁺对两种膨润土吸附Zn²⁺的效果都几乎没有影响,而Cr⁶⁺却会降低?街峙蛉笸炼訸n2+的吸附率。     

Velocity gradient and maximum floatable particle size in the Jameson cell

Due to efficient flotation of fine particle in the Jameson cell, it has been used in more than two hundred flotation plants since 1986. However, the performance of the Jameson cell decreases with the increase in the particle size in the feed. In some plants, coarse particles have to be fed to the Jameson cell because of operational and maintenance issues. Therefore, it is necessary to find the reasons of decrease of the cell performance caused by coarse particles as well as possible solutions of the problem.The present study has been carried out to delineate coarse particle flotation in the Jameson cell from a hydrodynamic point of view. In the study, flow characteristics of the fluid discharging from the downcomer to the separation tank have been investigated and a mathematical model, which can predict the velocity gradient, referred to as turbulence, has been developed in terms of fluid mechanics principles. Furthermore, experiments have been carried out to determine the maximum size of floating particle (d_max) using the developed model and experimental findings.     

絮凝沉降—臭氧氧化法处理硫化铜选矿废水试验

选矿厂废水排放量大,废水中固体悬浮物、浮选药剂、重金属离子等物质含量高,废水外排处理成本高且易造成二次污染,直接回用又影响浮选指标。因此,实现选矿废水的循环利用对节约有限的水资源,减少环境污染具有重要意义。模拟废水浮选试验结果表明:废水中的Al³⁺、Fe3³⁺对硫化铜矿浮选有显著抑制作用,Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺、Fe²⁺对硫化铜矿浮选影响较小;随着丁基黄药和Z-200浓度的增加,捕收剂对铜的选择性变差。采用絮凝—臭氧氧化工艺处理安徽某铜矿山选矿废水试验结果表明:聚丙烯酰胺对废水中的重金属离子及悬浮物具有显著的沉降效果;在整个pH期间,臭氧对丁基黄药去除效果显著,pH=8时,臭氧对Z-200去除效果最佳。采用絮凝沉降—臭氧氧化联合工艺处理后的选矿废水用于浮选试验,其浮选指标略低于清水浮选指标,远优于废水直接回用浮选指标。即应用此工艺处理硫化铜浮选总尾矿水,可有效降低水中不利组分的含量,实现水资源的高效利用。     

Cu2+活化黄铁矿与黄铜矿的浮选分离

在研究丁黄药体系中黄铜矿、黄铁矿单矿物的天然可浮性,石灰（调节矿浆pH）、亚硫酸氢钠、铜离子对黄铜矿、黄铁矿可浮性的影响,柠檬酸对被Cu²⁺活化的黄铁矿、黄铜矿可浮性的影响,柠檬酸-亚硫酸氢钠-石灰组合抑制剂对被Cu²⁺活化的黄铁矿、黄铜矿可浮性的影响的基础上,采用柠檬酸-亚硫酸氢钠-石灰组合抑制剂对被Cu²⁺活化的黄铁矿-黄铜矿人工混合矿进行浮选分离,得到了铜品位和铜回收率分别为24.12%和88.48%的铜精矿,及硫品位和硫回收率分别为49.69%和72.51%的硫精矿,表明该组合抑制剂对被Cu²⁺活化的黄铁矿具有良好的选择性抑制作用。     

Activation of sphalerite by Cu ions produced by cyanide action on chalcopyrite

Cyanide used as a depressant for pyrite in the flotation of chalcopyrite from a polymetallic ore was found to result in flotation (activation) of sphalerite. This was thought to be due to leaching of copper ions from chalcopyrite by the cyanide. Copper leached from specimen chalcopyrite and from a Cu-ore sample treated with cyanide was determined for a variety of conditions. A significant increase in Cu release at elevated pulp potential is shown which also enhanced uptake of Cu ions by sphalerite. Activation, it is suggested, is related to release of copper as cuprocyanide and subsequent oxidation to cupric cyanide, which supplies the Cu²⁺ ions.     

氢氧化镁吸附处理水中三价砷的研究

通过研究氢氧化镁吸附处理含As³⁺模拟废水,考察了振荡反应时间、氢氧化镁用量、反应温度及溶液pH值对As³⁺去除效果的影响。研究结果表明：氢氧化镁处理含As³⁺的废水,操作简便,去除率高,可达99%以上。吸附等温线符合Langmuir 等温方程,吸附容量为4.04 mg/L。     

风化钨矿选矿废水回用对钨浮选影响研究

钨矿性脆且容易泥化,细泥易残留在选矿废水中,导致废水中固体悬浮物(SS)含量高,SS直接排放对环境造成了严重威胁,而回用则会影响选矿指标。本文研究风化钨矿选矿废水回用对钨矿浮选的影响及机理,为选矿废水适度处理及回用提供理论依据。实验结果表明：模拟SS对钨浮选指标的影响试验表明,SS含量对钨粗选指标影响大,需进一步降低。SS影响钨矿浮选机理表明,SS形貌呈松散的不规则片状且表面不光滑,表面吸附了浮选药剂油酸钠和硅酸钠；SS在广泛的pH范围表面带负电,与带负电的浮选药剂产生竞争吸附。采用“2 g/L氯化钙+0.5 g/L聚合硫酸铁”处理废水,SS含量由25160 mg/L降低至16 mg/L,去除率达99.94%,Si含量由216.9 mg/L降低至33.26 mg/L,Si去除率为84.67%,颗粒化学需氧量由312.49 mg/L降低至6.86 mg/L,去除率达97.80%。结合溶液化学分析“氯化钙+聚聚合硫酸铁”去除SS机理,发现其通过电性中和、压缩双电层降低胶体电势,进而促进细颗粒迅速凝聚、沉淀。处理后废水回用至原浮选流程,处理后废水与清水指标相近。     

The effect of cobalt and nickel ions on gold dissolution in a thiosulfate-ethylenediamine (en)-Cu2+ system

A study has been conducted to understand how the cobalt and nickel ions affect the dissolution behavior of gold and thiosulfate consumption in the thiosulfate-ethylenediamine (en)-Cu²⁺ system. The cobalt and nickel ions enhance gold dissolution within the concentration range used in this experiment, but there was almost no additional thiosulfate consumption. The concentration of the copper(II) complex with en decreases in the presence of the Co²⁺. The redox/mixed potentials (E_Pt and E_Au) are measured using platinum and gold electrodes immersed in a gold leaching system. The test results show that the additional Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ increase the E_Au but do not significantly change the E_Pt. The leached gold foils were analyzed by XPS. The results show that the additional metallic ions could change the morphology of the gold surface such that passivated products containing sulfur would decrease and the gold could be easily dissolved.     

不溶性淀粉黄原酸盐对Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的吸附

以淀粉为原料、环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,通过与丙烯腈接枝共聚,制备了不溶性淀粉黄原酸盐(ISX)。将ISX用于吸附模拟废水中的Cu2+或Zn2+离子,通过试验得出了吸附的适宜条件。对试验结果的分析表明:Cu2+和Zn2+在ISX上的等温吸附过程较适合用Langmuir等温式描述,动力学行为较适合用准二级动力学方程描述;吸附属自发的物理吸附。     

耐铅链霉菌诱导碳酸钙沉淀对水中Pb2+的去除研究

微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀(MICP)可将水中游离的Pb_²⁺转化为稳定的沉淀物。本文筛选出一株耐Pb_²⁺的脲酶阳性SHT17菌株,16S rRNA 鉴定为Streptomyces mutabilis(登录号为OL677072)。探究该链霉菌诱导碳酸钙沉淀对水中Pb_²⁺的去除能力。通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)对水中Pb_²⁺浓度进行检测,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对菌株诱导的沉淀物进行分析。结果表明,链霉菌能有效地去除水中Pb_²⁺。当Pb_²⁺浓度为200 mg/L时,水中Pb_²⁺去除率达到99.66%,并且去除的Pb_²⁺以碳酸盐的形式被固定在链霉菌诱导生成的沉淀物中。此外,随着初始Pb_²⁺浓度升高,该菌对Pb_²⁺去除率均在65%以上,且大致呈下降趋势。不同钙源影响着链霉菌诱导形成的沉淀物的形貌。     

Cobalt and zinc recovery from copper sulphate solution by solvent extraction

It has been demonstrated in earlier works that zinc as an impurity can be effectively removed from cobalt sulphate solutions (Zn/Co < 1) by solvent extraction with D2EHPA. Some process residues from copper plants contain both cobalt and zinc as valuable metals, which have to be separately extracted for their recovery. Leaching of such residues leads to solutions with higher Zn/Co ratios (Zn/Co > 10). Again, solvent extraction with D2EHPA has been successfully used to separate cobalt and zinc into their respective solutions, which could further be treated by appropriate techniques for the production of these metals.The method mainly consists of selective copper extraction with LIX 984, iron removal by precipitation with CaCO₃, simultaneous cobalt and zinc extraction with D2EHPA followed by their separation by selective stripping with sulphuric acid of different concentrations. The use of a specific cobalt extractant is not necessary. More than 95% copper has been recovered from the pregnant solution typically containing 1.0 g/l Co²⁺, 2.0 g/l Cu²⁺, 12.60 g/l Zn²⁺ and 8.4 g/l Fe³⁺. The cobalt and zinc recoveries were on an average of 90% each in their respective individual solutions.     

Interpretation of high base consumption in the flotation of gypsum-containing ores

In the flotation of samples containing gypsum adjusting and maintaining the pH above 8 requires a large amount of base. The pH of the slurry when above 8 decreases when the pulp is aerated as in flotation. To counter, a large amount of lime or other base (for example, sodium carbonate) is consumed. The origin of this effect is the solubility of gypsum. The solubility of gypsum releases Ca²⁺ ions. As the pH is raised these ions coexist as CaOH⁺ and Ca(OH)_2(aq) which in the presence of air (flotation) are consumed. In this paper a mechanism is proposed to interpret the pH adjustment of a gypsum slurry with and without aeration using lime, soda ash and sodium bicarbonate. Sodium polyphosphate (complexing agent) offers a way to reduce the amount of base needed to raise the pH.     

Removal of cadmium from a liquid effluent by ion flotation

The removal of Cd using sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as collector was studied by ion flotation at laboratory scale. The effect of frothers (iso-propanol and methyl-isobutyl-carbinol (MIBC) and ionic strength (NaCl and Na₂S0₄) were also studied, as well as characterization of the sublate by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the surface tension of the initial solutions. In the presence of SDS, the maximum recovery obtained at a stoichiometric metal to collector ratio of 1: 3 was 99.1 %, however a large volume of wet foam was produced. The best recovery (89.2%) with a dry foam was obtained at a stoichiometric ratio of 1:2. The introduction of frothers (iso propanol and MIBC) in the system produced the highest recovery of Cd at a concentration of 0.1% v/v, where the flotability was 98.8% and 97.7% for iso-propanol and MIBC respectively. An increase in magnitude of ionic strength from 4.7 × 10⁻⁴moles.dm⁻³to 4.7 × 10⁻¹moles.dm⁻³ significantly decreased Cd removal. Surface tension testwork indicates a decrease in flotability of Cd as surface tension drops. The SEM/EDS studies showed that the morphology of the suhlate and the foam depends on the physico-chemical conditions of the system.     

催化协同臭氧氧化滴状黄药废水的研究

以铁矿浮选中含有的黄药为处理的目标物质,采用活性炭和紫外光与臭氧联用氧化雾化后的黄药。试验考察了pH值、臭氧通入量、活性炭、雾化、自由基捕获剂对黄药去除率的影响,并比较了曝气/O₃/UV/GAC和雾化/O₃/UV/GAC两种方法。结果表明,将废水雾化,不调节pH值,反应35 min,臭氧通入量为300 mg/L, 黄药的去除率达到96.3%,比曝气/O₃/UV/GAC联用黄药的去除率提高了15%。该工艺可以作为含有黄药废水的深度处理手段。