沙棘油的综合开发利用

沙棘油中含有维生素、三萜、脂类、黄酮类、酚类和微量元素等大量营养和生物活性物质，这些物质对于保护心血管系统、抗肿瘤、抗炎和搞衰老等方面有明显作用。作者根据沙棘油的这些特点，提出了在保健食品、药品和化妆品等方面综合开发和利用沙棘油的建议和意见。     

沙棘产品的加工工艺及设备

本文介绍了国内沙棘产品,诸如沙棘饮料、沙棘果酱、沙棘原粉、沙棘酒、沙棘油等各类产品的加工工艺和设备。     

沙棘黄酮软胶囊制备工艺的研究

通过对沙棘黄酮粉、亚麻籽油、蜂蜡和大豆磷脂的配比的研究,确定沙棘黄酮软胶囊的最佳配方。以亚麻籽油为基质,添加大豆磷脂为乳化剂、蜂蜡为助悬剂,通过系列的实验研究表明：沙棘黄酮粉和亚麻籽油以1∶2.5比例为宜,加6.0%的蜂蜡和4%的大豆磷脂有助于混悬液的稳定性。结论所制得的沙棘黄酮软胶囊工艺稳定,质量可控,适合于工业生产。     

沙棘油中有效成分和药用成分的研究

利用现代仪器分析法和化学分析方法对沙棘油的主要成分进行了分离和鉴定。通过使用薄层层析、荧光显色和高压液相色谱 (HPLC)等测试手段对分离出的物质进行定性分析 ,结果表明 ,该沙棘油中含有脂肪酸、烃类、萜类、维生素E、甾类、黄酮类等有效组分和药用成分 ;采用紫外分光光度法和化学分析等方法对类胡萝卜素和脂肪酸进行了定量分析 ,测定了类胡萝卜素的含量及籽油中脂肪酸的酸值和皂化值。     

超临界萃取沙棘油的研究

以沙棘果渣和沙棘籽为原料,分别进行沙棘果油和沙棘籽油的CO2超临界萃取的工艺研究,实验表明沙棘果油的最佳萃取条件为：温度40℃,压力30MPa,时间2h,CO2流量25kg／h;沙棘籽油适宜萃取条件为：温度45℃,压力30MPa,时间0．5h,CO2流量20kg／h。     

番茄红素与不同油脂对大鼠血脂的影响研究

目的:探究番茄红素、沙棘油、鱼油及番茄红素与沙棘油组合物对大鼠血脂的降低作用。方法:除正常对照组外,对五组大鼠饲喂高脂饲料,同时四个试验组经口灌胃给予受试物,连续30d,最后一次灌胃后取血,试剂盒测定总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量。结果:番茄红素、番茄红素与沙棘油的组合能降低大鼠的血脂水平。结论:番茄红素、番茄红素结合沙棘油均可以显著降低高血脂症大鼠血清中TC、TG含量(p0.05)。     

沙棘籽提油工艺与设备研究

沙棘含有多种维生素、氨基酸、叶酸、绿原酸、儿茶酸、三萜酸、花白宁卵磷酯、甾醇等多种成份,其中维生素C、维生素E、维生素A、维生素K居一切果蔬之冠。沙棘果皮、果肉、种籽以至茎皮中都含有油,种籽含油一般为7～12％。因产地不同,含油量也稍有不同。山西省内的沙棘籽含油量均在10％左右。沙棘油富含多种生命活性物质,可抗幅射、抗疲劳、能增强肌体活力,可用于制造     

沙棘油番茄红素软胶囊对大鼠的辅助降血脂实验研究

目的:探究沙棘油番茄红素软胶囊对试验性高脂大鼠的降血脂作用。方法:将试验性大鼠随机的分为正常组、模型组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组和辛伐他汀阳性组。通过饲喂高脂饲料建立高脂模型,分别灌胃给予不同受试物30天,测定总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)含量。结果:沙棘油番茄红素软胶囊和辛伐他汀片均能显著降低高血脂大鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平,对HDL-C水平无明显影响,证明,沙棘油番茄红素软胶囊具有降血脂作用,其中高剂量组降血脂效果与辛伐他汀阳性组作用相当。结论:沙棘油番茄红素软胶囊具辅助降血脂的作用。     

沙棘油中脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱检测方法

对国标中脂肪酸的前处理方法做了优化,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测不同沙棘油样品中脂肪酸的组成与含量,作为鉴别沙棘油原料品质的依据.通过对10种沙棘油样品进行测试,结果表明,该方法变异系数在0.32％～4.1％,重复性好,可用于原料的鉴别检验分析.     

含沙棘油牙膏的抗炎、止血及修复功效研究

研究含沙棘油牙膏的稳定性、体内抗炎和止血功效、体外修复效果,采用小鼠耳肿胀实验、兔肝脏止血实验、人牙龈成纤维细胞修复实验评估其体内抗炎和止血功效、体外修复功效。结果表明,沙棘油牙膏符合国标GB 8372的要求,具有较好的体内抗炎和止血、体外修复的效果。     

"人工神经网络"方法用于超临界流体萃取模拟

在15－30MPa和303－323K条件下，用超临界CO2流体萃取沙棘籽油，结果表明，最高沙棘油收率（30MPa,308K)可达到90％以上，对过程进行动力学模拟，建立了超临界萃取过程的人工神经网络（ANN）模型，以MATLAB软件为平台，编制了SFE－ANN模拟程序系统，采用3层BP网络结构，以压力，温度、萃取时间为输入，以萃取出油量为输出对网络进行训练，由此得到的网络可以对萃取速率和单位时间床高方向的萃取出油量进行准确的模拟和预测，与实验结果比较证明，训练样本集误差为0．2％，测试样本集误差为0．5％，模拟误差小于6％。     

沙棘超氧化物歧化酶提纯的研究

本文研究了沙棘浆果ＳＯＤ的纯化方法。沙棘ＳＯＤ粗提液经丙酮分级沉淀,ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析二步纯化得到单一谱带,经ＰＡＧＥ和ＮＢＴ活性染色,呈现出一条活性谱带。     

高效液相测定沙棘果皮中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的含量

建立沙棘果皮中齐墩果酸、熊果酸的含量测定方法。采用高效液相色谱法,Nova-Pack型C18柱,乙腈-甲醇-水-醋酸铵（65∶20∶15∶0.5）为流动相,检测波长为210nm;流速0.6mL/min。熊果酸回归方程为y=74.0x＋9.12,r=0.9995,线性范围0.11～10.64μg/mL,齐墩果酸回归方程为y=61.6x＋7.40,r=0.9992,线性范围0.12～12.36μg/mL。沙棘果皮中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的平均含量为1.187mg/g和0.352mg/g,平均回收率为100.3%、100.5%（n=3）,RSD分别为1.47%、1.50%（n=3）。该方法可同时测定沙棘果皮中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的含量,可用于药材质量控制。     

Fatty acids, tocols, and carotenoids in pulp oil of three sea buckthorn species (Hippophae rhamnoides, H. salicifolia, and H. tibetana) grown in the Indian Himalayas

Sea buckthorn berries from Hippophae rhamnoides, H. tibetana, and H. salicifolia were collected from the cold deserts of the Himalayas (Lahaul, Ladakh, and Spiti; India) and characterized in terms of the FA, carotenoid, tocopherol, and tocotrienol composition in their pulp oil. These varied from species to species. Total carotenoids ranged from 692 to 3420 mg/kg in pulp oils of fresh berries, and total tocols, from 666 to 1788 mg/kg. Hippophae salicifolia berries contained substantially lower amounts of pulp oil, with lower levels of carotenoids and tocopherols. There was little difference in the proportion of individual tocols in pulp among the three species. α-Tocopherol alone constituted 40–60% of total pulp tocols in berries. Pulp oils had palmitoleic acid (32–53%) as the most abundant FA followed by palmitic (25–35%), oleic (8–26%), linoleic (5–16%), and linolenic (0.6–2.6%) acids, with the highest deviation observed in the proportion of palmitoleic acid in these berries. Hippophae rhamnoides and H. tibetana contained the highest amount of the lipophilic carotenoids and tocols. Hippophae salicifolia berries had higher amounts of lipophobic constituents such as vitamin C and flavonols.     

Analysis of Calotropis gigantea,Acacia Caesia and Abelmoschus Ficulneus seeds

The percentage contents of oil and protein in the seeds of Calotropis gigantea Linn. (Asclepiadaceae), Acacia caesia Willd., syn. A. intsia (Leguminosae) and Abelmoschus ficulneus Wight & Arm., syn. Hibiscus ficulneus Linn. (Malvaceae) were 30.8, 8.8 and 14.4, and 19.0, 11.7 and 20.0, respectively. The major fatty acid was 18:1 in C. gigantea and 18:2 in the other two seeds oils. Malvalic, sterculic and dihydrosterculic acids were present in small quantities in A. ficulneus seed oil. The major essential amino acids in the seed proteins were phenylalanine, lysine and histidine in C. gigantea, threonine and arginine in A. caesia and lysine and phenylalanine in A. ficulneus.     

Safety evaluation of ambrette (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Abelmoschus moschatus</Emphasis> linn) seed oil

The seeds of ambrette (Abelmoschus moschatus Linn), after selective extraction of fragrance from the seed coat, are flaked and extracted with hexane to obtain a fatty oil. The FA composition and iodine value of the oil indicate it possesses saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FA in ratios close to the recommendations of the United Nations World Health Organization; these characteristics make it suitable as an edible oil. Acute oral toxicity and safety evaluation in a 13-wk feeding trial on albino rats showed the oil is comparable to groundnut oil in all the parameters and is suitable for edible use.     

SOLUBILITY OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L. SEED OIL IN SC CO2 AND SCFE PROCESS ENHANCEMENT BY ULTRASOUND

Dynamic method was applied to measure the solubility of oil from Hippophae rhamnoides L. seed in supercritical CO₂. The experiments were carried out at pressures and temperatures ranging from 10 to 30 MPa and 303 to 323 K, respectively. No marked changes in composition of extracted oil in the course of extraction were observed. The solubility was correlated with CO₂ density and temperature by adjusting the constants of the del Valle-Aguilera equation. In order to enhance the extraction efficiency of supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) for natural products, the SCFE process coupled with power ultrasound (20 kHz, 150 W) was investigated. The reactor with a power ultrasound transducer was specially designed and set up. For Hippophae rhamnoides L. seed oil, soybean seed oil, and licorice root oil extraction, the extraction rate and the oil yield were increased by 16.9–33.2% and 30% respectively, with the coupling of SCFE and power ultrasound.     

超临界流体萃取沙棘油实验研究

建立了一套萃取实验装置 ,对超临界CO2 流体萃取沙棘油进行了实验研究。压力 15— 30MPa,温度 30— 5 0℃。分别考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、颗粒度、物料填充量以及萃取时间等条件对萃取率的影响 ,并就工艺参数对萃取率的影响机理和原因进行了分析与讨论。结果表明 :当压力为 2 5MPa、温度为 40℃时可获得较高的萃取率。流量为 0 .2m3 /h时 ,萃取时间为 4— 5h。化学成分分析结果证明 :沙棘油中饱和脂肪酸含量占 12 .3%,不饱和脂肪酸含量占 87.7%。     

The composition of the oil of starfruit (Averrhoa carambola,Linn.) seeds

The starfruit (Averrhoa carambola, Linn.) seeds were found rich in oil. The oil was examined for its refractive index, iodine value, acid value, saponification number, unsaponifiable matter, and fatty acid composition by gas liquid chromatography. The values (area percent) for fatty acids as methyl esters were: C14:0 (0.67%); C16:0 (21.34%); C18:0 and C24:0 (trace).     

超临界CO_2萃取沙棘油的实验研究及数值模拟

本文利用超临界CO2萃取沙棘油,建立了一套实验流程,分别考察了萃取压力、萃取温度以及颗粒大小对萃取率的影响。同时根据萃取器单元的质量守恒建立了微分方程,并对一定萃取条件下的实验结果进行数值模拟。结果表明, 本文所建立的数值模型能较好地描述实际萃取行为。