基于灰色模型的无线传感器网络动态功耗管理研究

传感器节点能量受限是制约无线传感器网络使用寿命的关键因素,为了节约传感器网络的能量,提出了灰色模型的动态功耗管理(DPM)方法.该方法利用传感器节点上的历史数据应用灰色模型预测未来值,预测过程中可以动态调整预测参数,实现自适应预测,和小波自回归预测算法相比,提高了预测的准确性.基本思想是根据Sink节点上的数据来决定整...     

自适应迁移预测的动态多目标差分演化算法

针对动态多目标优化环境下寻找并跟踪变化的Pareto最优前沿和Pareto最优解集的难题,提出两个策略：自适应迁移策略和预测策略。自适应迁移策略是根据环境的变化自适应地插入迁移个体来提高算法种群的多样性,从而提高算法对动态环境的适应能力。预测策略是通过时间序列并加上一定的扰动来产生预测种群,来预测环境变化之后的Pareto最优解集,以达到对其快速跟踪的目的。通过两个策略在多目标差分演化算法上的应用来解决动态多目标优化问题。实验过程中,通过平均最优解集分布均匀度和平均决策空间世代距离等指标表明,基于自适应迁移策略和预测策略的多目标差分演化算法能够很好适应变化的环境,并能够快速找到Pareto最优解集。     

基于灰色预测可变裕度PID网络自适应算法

为了综合控制拥塞链路的队列长度,提高AQM系统对动态网络环境的自适应能力,提出了一种基于灰色预测和考虑可变裕度PID控制的自适应TCP网络主动队列管理。首先,建立相角和幅值裕度与网络参数相关的PID自适应主动队列(TCP/AQM)控制论模型,该模型可以根据网络参数的变化而动态改变控制参数,以提高AQM网络动态自适应能力,及系统的鲁棒性;其次,将灰色预测引入该模型,实现路由器队列长度的超前预测,补偿带有PID反馈模块的AQM算法给队列造成的时滞影响。与其他算法的仿真结果相比较,该设计算法能够使信息流在较短的时间内稳定在期望队列长度阈值附近。     

基于优先级分组的防碰撞算法

针对在标签数量较多、运动较快的场合,常存在识别效率低且标签漏读率高的问题,提出一种先分组再处理的防碰撞算法——PAJS。该算法按照到达顺序对标签进行分组,以减小漏读率;根据标签识别过程中时隙状况自适应调整帧长度,提高算法的搜索效率;采用跳跃式动态搜索算法处理冲突时隙,从而减少搜索次数和系统传输量。Matlab仿真结果表明,该算法通信复杂度明显小于其他常用算法,吞吐率可达0.59~0.6。在待识别标签较多的场合,该算法优越性更加明显。     

相似性特征对链路预测的影响与增强

链路预测的主要任务是设计一个能够更加准确地描述给定网络机制的预测算法,从而得到更准确的预测结果。在分析现有研究成果基础上发现,网络的相似性特征对采用的链路预测方法有较大的影响：在节点间标签相似性较低的网络中,提高标签的相似性可以提高预测的准确性;而在节点间标签相似性较高的网络中,则应更加关注结构信息对于链路预测的贡献来提高预测的准确性。随后,通过对标签进行加权处理,提出带权值的标签相似性算法,在低相似性网络中能够提高链路预测的准确性。同时,在较高相似性网络中,将网络的结构信息引入到节点的相似性计算中,并通过偏好链接机制来提升链路预测的准确性。在四个真实网络上的实验结果表明,所提算法相对于标签系统间的余弦相似性（CSTS）算法、偏好链接（PA）等算法取得了最高的准确率。根据网络相似性特征,采用所提出的对应算法进行链路预测能够得到更准确的预测结果。     

基于滑动窗口的RFID自适应数据清洗算法

RFID（射频识别）标签阅读器对操作环境的敏感性很高,导致其产生的RFID数据流不可靠,并含有大量的漏读,因此必须要对原始数据进行清洗。设计基于滑动窗口的自适应数据清洗算法,算法使用滑动窗口技术和二项分布模型计算合适的窗口大小,通过窗口子区间的监测结果和标签的状态来动态调整窗口大小。结果显示,在移动环境下本算法比SMURF算法产生的平均错误数少,性能更加优越,准确率和稳定性都有明显提高。      

一种新的RFID传感系统的防碰撞算法的研究

标签碰撞是射频识别RFID传感系统中常见问题,为了解决这个问题提出了一种新的非线性自适应Q值算法.非线性自适应Q值算法是在一次识别标签过程中非线性自适应改变参数Q值大小来解决标签数目不固定,且变化范围很大情况下的防碰撞问题.文章给出了算法的详细流程,并通过ReaderSim程序来仿真验证了算法的正确性.     

基于动态EM-SHSMM的异常数据下设备健康预测研究*

针对设备退化过程中异常数据下的剩余有效寿命预测问题,提出了一种基于动态的期望最大化算法(EM)-分段隐半马尔可夫模型(SHSMM)预测方法。首先,基于SHSMM的理论框架,采用期望最大化参数自适应估计算法估计模型中的未知参数。其次,基于WGM(1,1)模型,提出动态前向后向灰色填充算法处理样本中的异常数据,并利用健康预测过程预测设备的剩余有效寿命。最后,通过实例分析对模型进行评价和验证。结果表明,提出的设备健康预测方法能有效解决异常数据的问题。     

一种具有平衡标签预测能力的在线哈希算法

针对传统离线哈希算法训练模型耗时、占用内存大和不易更新模型的问题,以及现实图像集的标签存在大量损失的现象,提出了一种能够平衡标签预测的在线哈希算法（BLPOH）。BLPOH通过标签预测模块生成预测标签,并融合残缺的真实标签,能够有效缓解因标签损失导致的模型性能下降。观察到标签存在分布不平衡现象,提出标签类别相似性平衡算法并应用于标签预测模块,提升标签预测的准确性。将旧数据的信息加入哈希函数的在线更新过程,提升模型对旧数据的兼容性。通过在两个广泛使用的数据集上进行实验,并和一些当前先进的算法进行对比,结果证实了BLPOH的优越性。     

一种改进的无偏节点标签预测方法研究

在社会网络中,用户的位置和属性以及图片的标签预测等都具有广泛的应用前景。为了提高标签预测的性能,提出了一种改进的无偏节点标签预测算法。首先,对社会网络中的标签预测问题进行了形式化描述。其次,基于所有观察数据的训练目标的联合概率最大化与以这些数据为条件的单变量边缘预测值的不匹配现象,提出了一种改进的图模型训练方法。最后,通过对置信度的无偏估计,基于子图方法提出一种不包含额外标签数据的无偏算法用于模型的训练。在Twitter和Pokec数据集上的实验表明,提出的算法与相关的标签预测算法相比,其准确性和运行效率都得到了明显的提升。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.