软段组成对聚氨酯防冰涂料性能的影响

以聚醚多元醇MN-3050D、聚醚多元醇DL-2000D、聚己内酯二醇PCL-2000和聚碳酸酯二元醇PCDL-2000为软段，分别与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-50)制备聚氨酯防冰涂料的A组分，以市售含氟树脂为聚氨酯防冰涂料的B组分，研究了软段组成对聚氨酯防冰涂料力学性能、吸水率、接触角、冰粘附强度的影响，并优选性能最佳的涂层评价其综合性能。结果表明：所制备的聚氨酯防冰涂料吸水率小于1%，接触角大于90°；相对于以MN-3050D和DL-2000D为软段的聚氨酯防冰涂料，以PCL-2000和PCDL-2000为软段的聚氨酯防冰涂料具有更优的力学性能和耐水性能，但冰粘附强度也更高；随着涂层厚度的增加，防冰涂料的冰粘附强度均逐渐减小。优选以PCL-2000为软段的聚氨酯防冰涂料评价其综合性能，结果显示其与混凝土的粘结强度为2.68 MPa，同时具有良好的耐老化性能和柔韧性。     

迁移型聚氨酯防冰涂料的研究

通过对聚氨酯防冰涂料制备的研究,讨论了其微观润湿结构、疏水性能、润滑性能、力学性能及可再生性能等,所得聚氨酯防冰涂料具有一定的防冰效果,可作为架空线除冰的研究方向之一.     

憎水性涂料对风机叶片结冰影响研究

通过风洞实验探索憎水性涂料分别在不同空气温度、相对湿度及冰冻时间的因素下对风机叶片覆冰过程的影响。实验结果表明:憎水性涂料并不能完全防止叶片结冰,但具有一定的防冰效果。空气温度为-6~-8℃时,憎水性涂料的防冰性能最差。温度一定时,憎水性涂料的防冰性能随相对湿度呈单调递减关系。当表面冰层达到一定厚度时,憎水涂料将失去防冰性能。憎水性涂料在一定范围的温度和湿度条件下才能发挥出良好的防冰性能。     

低表面能含氟硅防冰涂料的制备及应用

概述了涂料防冰的原理,重点论述了低表面能涂料在输电线上的应用,并介绍了新研发的氟硅防冰涂料FB-01的制备及性能.检测结果表明,由甲基丙烯酸酯类单体、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、含氟甲基丙烯酸酯类单体等原料制得的含氟硅清漆,可有效降低冰和衬底表面的附着力,具有一定防冰效果.     

面向陶瓷表面自清洁和防覆冰应用的耐候性石墨烯超疏水涂层制备

超疏水涂层应用广泛，尤其在解决陶瓷表面自清洁、防覆冰等方面具有重要的应用价值。本文采用石墨烯与甲基硅树脂为主要原料制备超疏水涂料，结合喷涂和热处理技术在陶瓷基体表面制备了石墨烯超疏水涂层。实验对该涂层的显微结构和基团组成进行测试分析，探究了石墨烯超疏水涂层的自清洁性能和防覆冰功能，并通过长期户外实验，考察涂层的耐候性。结果表明：当甲基硅树脂溶液添加量为150μL、热处理温度为200℃时，制备的石墨烯涂层具备最佳的超疏水性能。采用该超疏水涂层修饰的陶瓷表面，具备优异的自清洁和防覆冰功能，以及长期户外耐候性。     

防覆冰涂料的研究及进展

输电线路防覆冰涂料具有低表面能、强憎水性、高传热吸光性和良好的耐候性等特点,且涂层尽量多层化、梯度化。概述了输电线路领域国内外防覆冰涂料的研究现状和进展,给出了制备防覆冰涂料的技术思路和方法,提出在我国开展防覆冰涂料研究开发的必要性、研究要求和方向。     

高寒列车转向架防冰涂料的研究

在高寒地区运行的列车转向架部位容易发生结冰现象,这在一定程度上对行车安全造成隐患。对于平滑表面而言,表面的接触角滞后与冰粘附强度呈现线性关系,即接触角滞后越小,冰粘附强度越低。基于这一基础理论,本文意在构建低滞后的光滑涂层,实现涂层的低冰粘附强度,从而达到易除冰的效果。研究选用 HDI三聚体型多异氰酸酯为固化剂,对比了 3种商品化具有低表面能特性的含氟羟基树脂应用于双组分防冰涂料的性能差异,并采用疏水性最强、防冰性能最优的氟硅树脂制备了综合性能优异的高寒列车转向架防冰涂料。     

上海富臣防虫聚氨酯木器涂料被认定高新转化项目

上海富臣化工有限公司生产的“水性防白蚁防虫聚氨酯木器涂料”被认定为上海市高新技术成果转化项目之一。该项目针对我国目前水性木器涂料的性能缺陷，通过对关键材料的选材、配方配比技术、涂料制备工艺条件及控制技术多次试验攻关，而开发出的一种高性能的水性防白蚁防虫聚氨酯木器涂料，该产品除具有接近溶剂型木器涂料物化性能的技术特点外，还具有高效的防白蚁防虫性能。     

产品开发

发展防冰融冰功能涂料前景好 防冰除冰方法是雨雪冰冻等极端自然灾害环境中保证交通、电力、通讯等设施正常运转的重要措施。功能涂料防冰融冰是防冰除冰方法之一。防冰融冰功能型涂料主要有4种：超疏水型防覆冰涂料、融冰型防覆冰涂料,电热型除冰涂料和光热型除冰涂料。其中超疏水型防覆冰涂料在防冰应用上展现了良好的应用前景,兼具导电发热或光照发热或者通过释放出的物质降低冰点等作用起到融冰效果的超疏水防冰融冰涂料则最具发展前景,是此类涂料的发展方向。     

飞机防冰涂料的研究进展

介绍了防冰涂料的机理以及国内外防冰涂料的研究进展,包括低表面能、形成粗糙表面结构的超疏水涂层,同时分析了将防冰涂料与热除冰技术联合使用的可行性,讨论了防冰涂料应用存在的问题,对防冰涂料的发展趋势进行了分析和展望。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.