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我国的城市住宅经过多年的发展,迅速跨越了以区位优势为主导的第一代住宅和以项目基本配套为主要卖点的第二代住宅两个重要阶段,目前处于以环境为主要卖点的第三代住宅阶段。而以生态住宅作为第四代住宅的类型,代表了一种社会进步和人类文明的重要标志。生态住宅又称绿色住宅、可持续发展住宅。绿色住宅是遵循节能、节水、低污染、优质的环境、可持续发展的原则。本文结合湖南株洲蓝盾二期的居住小区工程设计,对生态住宅建筑设计进行了阐述,可为设计者提供参考。 相似文献
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以住宅社区为研究对象,以建设低碳住宅社区为目的,从规划设计这个源头入手,提出低碳住宅社区规划设计控制指标体系,进而制定低碳住宅社区建设政策、措施和策略,推动低碳城市建设。 相似文献
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1KSI住宅的研发概要1973年开始的"公团型SI住宅"(以下简称KSI住宅)研发是以KEP(Kodan Experimental Housing Project,即公团试验住宅项目)住宅研发项目为开端的,以主体内部尺寸模数为基础,针对解决内装与设备的部品化课题进行的系列化技术研发与实践。在此基础上,政府借鉴KEP住宅研发项目的主要成果,在全日本大力推行CHS住宅(百年住宅体系)。之后, 相似文献
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21世纪住宅观念的契合点—木制住宅的悄然兴起 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文以木结构住宅的优点出发,以木结构住宅与现有建筑建造形式比较为主线,结合笔者所在公司实践,扼要表述了木结构住宅将成为21世纪住宅观念契合点,并必将在国内悄然流行的原因。 相似文献
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A collection of 366 Escherichia coli strains from 10 host groups and surface waters were tested for the presence of 15 virulence genes associated with strains causing intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. The virulence genes included eaeA, VT1, 2 and 2e, LT1, ST1 and 2, Einv gene, EAgg gene, CNF1 and 2, papC, O111 and O157 side chain LPS. Of the 262 strains obtained from nine different hosts, 39 (15%) carried one or more of these virulence genes. These included six strains from humans, two from horses, eight from dogs, two from ducks, five from cattle, seven from chickens, four from pigs, two from sheep and three from deer. Of the remaining 104 strains obtained from water samples, 10 (10%) also carried one or more of the tested virulence genes. Of these, six had identical biochemical phenotypes (BPTs) to strains isolated from humans (two strains), dogs (two strains), chickens (one strain) and sheep (one strain) with 4 BPTs also carrying same virulence genes. Our results indicate that the sources of clinically important E. coli strains found in surface waters due to faecal contamination can be predicted by using a combination of biochemical fingerprinting method and the detection of virulence genes. From the public health point of view this information will be of great importance for evaluating the risk associated with public use of the catchment. 相似文献
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从一些唐、宋、元时期遗留下来的建筑的翼角进行研究和分析,可以摸索出角梁、翼角椽子和翼角飞椽一个长期发展演变的过程。通过长期研究分析,最终得出古建筑翼角是经历了由直线向曲线,由冲出翘起平缓,到逐渐陡峭,构造由简单到复杂,由不完善到比较完善这样一个逐渐发展演变的历史进程。 相似文献
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Pyrolysis of wood and wood-based wastes is considered to be one of the promising methods of supplying charcoal as solid material and liquids containing a number of valuable chemicals. In this study, we characterized the chemical components in the liquids from pyrolysis of solid wood and wood-based composites such as particleboard, plywood and medium density fiberboard (MDF) with phenol or urea-type adhesive. In addition, the effectiveness of the liquids to control fungal growth in vitro was examined with consideration of the bio-active components included in the liquids. Results showed that the chemical composition of the liquids obtained from solid wood were greatly different from those obtained from the composites. Fungicidal tests showed a significant difference in the effectiveness of controlling fungi between solid wood and the composites and the liquids from the composites revealed higher effectiveness against the fungi tested. 相似文献
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Effect of gas empty bed contact time on performances of various types of rotating drum biofilters for removal of VOCs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of gas empty bed contact time (EBCT), biofilter configuration, and types of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were evaluated to assess the performance of rotating drum biofilters (RDBs), especially at low EBCT values. Three types of pilot-scale RDBs, a single-layer RDB, a multi-layer RDB, and a hybrid RDB, were examined at various gas EBCTs but at a constant VOC loading rate. Diethyl ether, toluene, and hexane were used separately as model VOC. When EBCT increased from 5.0 to 60s at a constant VOC loading rate of 2.0kgCOD/(m(3)day), ether removal efficiency increased from 73.1% to 97.6%, from 81.6% to 99.9%, and from 84.0% to 99.9% for the single-layer RDB, the multi-layer RDB, and the hybrid RDB, respectively, and toluene removal efficiency increased from 76.4% to 99.9% and from 84.8% to 99.9% for the multi-layer RDB and the hybrid RDB, respectively. When hexane was used as the model VOC at a constant loading rate of 0.25kgCOD/(m(3)day), hexane removal efficiency increased from 31.1% to 57.0% and from 29.5% to 50.0% for the multi-layer RDB and hybrid RDB, respectively. The single-layer, multi-layer, and hybrid RDBs exhibited, respectively, the lowest, middle, and highest removal efficiencies, when operated under similar operational loading conditions. Hexane exhibited the lowest removal efficiency, while diethyl ether displayed the highest removal efficiency. The data collected at the various EBCT values correlated reasonably well with a saturation model. The sensitivity of removal efficiency to EBCT varied significantly with EBCT values, VOC properties, and biofilter configurations. Process selection and design for RDB processes should consider these factors. 相似文献
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Evaluation of the use of human hair for biomonitoring the deficiency of essential and exposure to toxic elements 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rodrigues JL Batista BL Nunes JA Passos CJ Barbosa F 《The Science of the total environment》2008,405(1-3):370-376
Monitoring the nutritional status of essential elements and assessing exposure of individuals to toxic elements is of great importance for human health. Thus, the appropriate selection and measurement of biomarkers of internal dose is of critical importance. Due to their many advantages, hair samples have been widely used to assess human exposure to different contaminants. However, the validity of this biomarker in evaluating the level of trace elements in the human body is debatable. In the present study, we evaluated the relationship between levels of trace elements in hair and whole blood or plasma in a Brazilian population. Hair, blood and plasma were collected from 280 adult volunteers for metal determination. An ICP-MS was used for sample analysis. Manganese, copper, lead and strontium levels in blood varied from 5.1 to 14.7, from 494.8 to 2383.8, from 5.9 to 330.1 and from 11.6 to 87.3 microg/L, respectively. Corresponding levels in hair varied from 0.05 to 6.71, from 0.02 to 37.59, from 0.02 to 30.63 and from 0.9 to 12.6 microg/g. Trace element levels in plasma varied from 0.07 to 8.62, from 118.2 to 1577.7 and from 2.31 to 34.2 microg/L for Mn, Cu and Sr, respectively. There was a weak correlation (r=0.22, p<0.001) between lead levels in hair and blood. Moreover, copper and strontium levels in blood correlate with those levels in plasma (r=0.64 , p<0.001 for Cu) and (r=0.22, p<0.05 for Sr). However, for Cu, Mn and Sr there was no correlation between levels in hair and blood. Our findings suggest that while the idea of measuring trace elements in hair is attractive, hair is not an appropriate biomarker for evaluating Cu, Mn and Sr deficiency or Pb exposure. 相似文献
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分别建立了污水源热泵四大部件(蒸发器、压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀)模型,并进行耦合。采用MATLAB软件进行编程模拟,分别计算了污垢热阻、污水流量、污水进口温度变化对热泵冬季制热性能的影响。结果显示:当污垢热阻在0~1(m2·K)/kW范围内变化,系统制热量由353kW降低到301kW,降低了14.8%;当污水入口温度由8℃升高到20℃时,系统制热量由320kW升高到423kW,升高了32.1%;当污水流量由10kg/s升到20kg/s时,系统制热量由339kW增加到364kW等。过程中热泵COP在3.6~4.8范围内变化,说明污水源热泵具有较好的热性能。 相似文献
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按照上海社会经济和城市发展的新形势新要求,从2008年开始,上海市规划和国土资源管理局在已有工作基础上,深入研究分析规划管理工作中面临的突出问题,学习借鉴国内外城市法定规划管理经验,逐步研究建立"标准统一、程序清晰、成果规范、机制完善"系统性的控制性详细规划管理体系。从管理规定、技术标准、成果规范、操作规程等方面明确各项管理制度和要求,全过程、全方位地保障控制性详细规划的编制、审批和实施管理工作。通过一系列法规制度的研究制定,确立了一套从组织编制到审批管理、从规划内容到程序环节、从法定形式到技术支撑的闭合式的控制性详细规划管理制度体系。目前,已经在上海的城市规划应用实践中。 相似文献