低温工况下结霜对翅片管蒸发器性能影响研究

翅片管蒸发器的结霜将增加空气压降，增大传热热阻，从而直接影响到蒸发器的效率及空气侧平均换热系数，本文就低温工况下，结霜对蒸发器性能的影响进行了测试研究，为翅片管蒸发器的设计应用提供了重要依据。     

热泵蒸发器结霜过程的研究和分析

建立了热泵蒸发器结霜过程的数学模型，研究了入口空气相对湿度、温度、以及翅片间距等参数对蒸发器结霜量和空气侧压降的变化规律，计算结果和实验测试的结果吻合较好。     

间冷式冰箱蒸发器结霜模拟

针对间冷式冰箱蒸发器的结霜工况进行了模拟。在改进现有的计算霜表面水蒸气过饱和度公式的基础上,建立了适用于间冷式冰箱蒸发器的霜层生长模型,并模拟出结霜过程中的结霜量,空气侧压降,霜的密度和厚度随时间的变化。通过与实验数据的比较,结霜量的误差在10％以内,空气侧压降在25％以内,该模型能够有效的模拟间冷式冰箱蒸发器的结霜过程。     

热泵蒸发器结霜过程的理论研究

建立了热泵蒸发器结霜过程的数学模型，编制了相应的仿真程序。研究了入口空气相对湿度、温度以及翅片间距等参数对蒸发器结霜量和空气例压降的变化规律。计算结果和实验测试的结果吻合较好，研究结论对翅片管式蒸发器设计具有重要意义。     

大直径圆孔翅片管结霜过程动态特性的实验研究

在入口空气温度28℃,恒温恒湿条件下,以三对称大直径圆孔翅片为研究对象,在循环式风洞中对其结霜工况下的动态性能进行了实验研究,考察了入口空气相对湿度和空气流速对换热器性能的影响,给出了换热器换热量、翅片表面传热系数和空气侧压降在结霜过程中的动态变化规律,研究结果表明:入口空气温度28℃时结霜工况下,翅片表面未覆盖满霜层时,在雷诺数Re=3602～5509,进口相对湿度φ=60％～80％范围内,不同的环境参数对结霜影响的差别较大.实验结果表明,空气相对湿度对SK型翅片的传热与流阻性能的影响大于空气流速的影响.实验结果可为优化环境参数,使制冷系统达到节能匹配提供参考.     

室外环境参数对空气源热泵翅片管蒸发器动态结霜特性的影响

对一台空气源热泵空调器在不同环境条件下室外换热器的动态结霜性能进行了实验研究,分析了进风温、湿度对热泵空调器结霜量及霜层厚度的影响。实验中考虑了结霜引起的热泵系统蒸发温度及风机流量的变化,采用显微照相法测量翅片表面霜层厚度,结霜量则通过测量蒸发器进出口含湿量的方法来获得。实验结果表明,室外换热器结霜量随时间线性增长,而翅片表面霜层厚度则分为初始段、匀速增长段和快速增长段三个阶段;在结霜循环的最后20％～30％的快速增长段内霜层生长速率大大加快,可达匀速生长段霜层生长速率的2．4,3．3倍。对于不同的工况,蒸发器均在进风温度0～3℃附近时结霜最为严重,且相对湿度对霜层厚度的影响要大于对结霜量的影响。     

两级压缩空气源热泵结霜性能试验研究

虽然空气源热泵得到了广泛的应用,但是空气源热泵机组在冬季低温环境下运行,其蒸发器表面结霜,会严重影响效率。本文研究了两级压缩空气源热泵在低温工况下一些参数变化对风冷热泵结霜的影响,以及结霜条件下热泵机组性能参数的变化。研究表明:在0℃以下,结霜量以及结霜速度随着温度的升高而增多和加快,在进风温度在0℃左右的时候结霜最严重。温度在3℃的时候,结霜却不如前者严重。而当温度达到-7℃以下时,结霜不是很明显,特别是在相对湿度为90%,温度为-12℃时几乎不结霜。当蒸发器壁面的温度与空气的露点温度比较接近,而且空气含湿量大时,结霜速度最快。在保持进风温度一定,相对湿度越大,换热器风侧表面结霜量也就越多。相对湿度变化对结霜量的影响比温度要大,因此环境相对湿度是影响空气源热泵机组结霜、除霜特性的主要因素。同时,机组在结霜条件下运行时,机组的制热量和COP降低,综合性能下降。这一研究对翅片管式蒸发器除霜具有指导意义。     

低温工况下蒸发器结霜特性的数值模拟及试验研究

结合 CFD 模拟和试验两种方法,研究制冷过程中蒸发器结霜这一常见的问题.提出了修正的组分传输和有限速率化学反应模型来对蒸发器的结霜过程进行 CFD 模拟,用升华潜热来替代化学反应的活化能,使H2O(g)←→H2O(s)这一物理反应变成有限速率的化学反应.考察了低温工况下(-20℃以下),湿空气进口速度分别为v=2 m/s,1.2 m/s,0.8 m/s;相对湿度分别为60%,80%时蒸发器结霜量的大小.低温工况下,蒸发器的结霜量随着蒸发器迎面风速的增大而增大,随着空气进口相对湿度的增加而增加,模拟结果和试验结果符合得很好.     

影响翅片管换热器结霜因素的研究

用实验研究低温工况下（-5℃以下）变化参数对翅片管换热器霜形成率的影响,获得了空气入口相对湿度、空气流速以及翅片间距等参数对结霜量和空气侧压降的变化规律。实验结果可以为制冷系统的优化提供依据。     

空气侧风速对双流程微通道蒸发器传热特性的影响

搭建双流程微通道蒸发器性能实验台,采用控制变量法探究了不同空气风速下微通道蒸发器表面温度分布、制冷量和传热系数、进出口压降变化规律,分析空气侧风速对微通道蒸发器的表面温度分布均匀度和传热性能的影响.结果表明:随风速增大,蒸发器表面温度均匀度先变差,然后趋于平衡;制冷量的增量很少;蒸发器内制冷剂压降增大;综合换热性能降低...     

Dynamic behavior of a direct expansion evaporator under frosting condition. Part II. Field investigation on a shipping container

A field investigation is performed on the frost formation at an evaporator of a commercial full-scale refrigerated container that uses R-12 as the working refrigerant. Results when compared with those from a numerical model presented earlier show that the model is capable of predicting the dynamic behavior of a direct expansion evaporator under both non-frosting and frosting conditions. The air outlet and energy transferred compare well between experiment and model, and within 20% for the air pressure drop. The frost occurrence and propagation agree well generally, with the frost formation first occurring at the first row where the refrigerant enters the evaporator.     

Experimental investigation of the surface temperature and water retention effects on the frosting performance of a compact microchannel heat exchanger for heat pump systems

Frost formation on a louvered fin microchannel heat exchanger was experimentally investigated in this paper with the aim of determining the dominant factors affecting the time of frosting and frost growth rate. A novel methodology was developed to measure frost thickness and frost weight at intervals during the frosting period. Frost mass and thickness growth rates, corresponding coil heat transfer, capacity degradations and air pressure drop are measured and discussed. The experimental data showed that at a given air dry bulb temperature, the fin surface temperature and air humidity are the primary parameters that influence the frost growth rates. Water retention and air velocity had a secondary impact on the frosting performance. From digital images of the frost growth it was observed that frost does not nucleate from the water droplets retained in between fins but it developed from the leading edges of the fins.     

Experimental investigation of adverse effect of frost formation on microchannel evaporators,part 1: Effect of fin geometry and environmental effects

This study experimentally investigated the frost growth on louvered folded fins in microchannel heat exchangers when used in outdoor air-source heat pump systems. The effects of surface temperature, fin geometries, and air environmental conditions were studied. The overall aim was to isolate and quantify the effect of geometry from surface temperature effects. Experimental data of frost weight, local frost thickness, air pressure drop across the coils, time of frost–defrost cycles and heat transfer rates were recorded. Data showed that the frosting time and the frost growth rates depended mainly on the local fin surface temperature. Lower fin density was beneficial because it delayed the blockage of the air flow. The fin length and fin depth had minor effects on frosting performance. The air humidity had a fairly significant effect on rate of frost formation while air velocity seemed to have a small effect on the frost growth rate.     

低温冷风机结霜特性的研究及其融霜方法的改进

以华中地区某禽类加工厂冻结间的冷风机为研究对象,建立数学模型,对结霜工况下冷风机运行特性进行了理论分析。模型和实验测得的霜层厚度的平均偏差8．99％,吻合较好。阐述了随着霜层的生长,空气冷却器的传热面积、传热系数以及空气侧压降的变化规律。进一步分析了冻结间内空气相对湿度、冷风机进口空气干球温度以及迎面风速等对霜层生长的影响。并遵循尽量减少初投资、节能、实用为选择改进的原则,结合企业生产工序及冻结间运行的实际情况,对原融霜方式提出改进方案。     

Experimental investigation of the performance of industrial evaporator coils operating under frosting conditions

This paper describes a field experimental investigation of the effects of frost formation on the performance of a low-temperature large-scale evaporator coil used in industrial refrigeration systems. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the in situ coil cooling capacity of the evaporator over time as frost builds on its surfaces. Field-measured quantities include inlet and outlet air temperatures, inlet and outlet air relative humidity, and air volume flow rate. These measurements provide a baseline set of experimental data that can be used to validate numerical models of industrial evaporators operating under frosting conditions.     

翅片类型对热泵空调结霜特性的影响

通过实验研究了室外换热器采用平直、波纹、波纹/开缝翅片对热泵空调器动态结霜性能的影响。结果表明,在结霜工况下,平直、波纹、波纹/开缝三种翅片类型的系统制热量、COP和压缩机功率的峰值、平均值依次增大,其中,波纹/开缝翅片的各项平均值比平直翅片分别减小了14.57%、8.26%和7.11%。波纹/开缝翅片的性能参数最早开始衰减且衰减幅度也最大,其次是波纹翅片,平直翅片最晚开始衰减且幅度最小。结霜时,水蒸气变为霜的相变过程对传热具有强化作用,同时霜层减小了翅片间隙使风阻增大、室外风机流量减小,这对传热具有恶化作用。结霜时性能参数的曲线存在上升段和衰减段,与霜层微观成长特性一致:结霜初期,冰晶由粒状变为柱状,尚未显著阻塞翅片间隙,对传热的强化作用较显著,曲线处于上升段;结霜中后期,冰晶先沿半径成长,后又在柱状晶间隙堆垛,对传热的恶化作用较显著,曲线处于衰减段。     

In-situ study of frosting and defrosting processes in tube-fin evaporators of household refrigerating appliances

The present paper advances an in-situ study of frosting and defrosting processes in tube-fin evaporators of household refrigerators and freezers. Frost growth experiments were carried out using a purpose-built test facility comprised of a refrigerated cabinet placed inside a climatized chamber, and a vapor compression refrigeration loop that controls both the evaporating temperature and the evaporator superheating. A first-principles two-dimensional simulation model was put forward to predict the evaporator blocking over time, and also the heat and mass transfer rates. The model validation exercise has shown that the model follows well the experimental trends of pressure drop, frost mass, cooling capacity and air flow rate, with all predictions falling inside ±10% error bounds. The model was then used to assess the impact of several design parameters on both the evaporator blockage and defrost efficiency. It was found that a nearly ideal defrost efficiency is achieved when the defrosting process is performed by two simultaneous heaters.     

结霜工况下翅片变片距管蒸发器的改进

对结霜工况下冷风机蒸发器在结霜工况下的运行建立了数学模型和计算程序，分析了蒸发器各排翅片上霜层在运行过程中的动态累加过程及其影响。计算结果显示了现有变片距蒸发器仍然具有改进的余地，改进后的蒸发器在结霜工况下具有更长的除霜周期和更好的换热性能。