NiAl及NiAl基合金的氧化

综述了近期NiAl及NiAl基合金的氧化研究成果.研究表明:在NiAl表面通常形成一层完整的Al2O3保护膜,而NiAl基合金中由于含有大量的合金化元素,使NiAl合金由单相转变为β相与其它贫铝相组成的多相结构,使得合金的氧化规律复杂化.在氧化过程中,Al2O3保护膜经历了由快速生长的不稳定相δ-Al2O3或θ-Al2O3向稳定相α-Al2O3的相变过程,不同的合金化元素对其转变速度有不同程度的影响.在氧化膜与合金之间形成的孔洞减弱了氧化膜的黏附性,加快了氧化膜的剥落速度.     

Al-TiO2-C系XD合成铝基复合材料的反应机理及拉伸性能

本文讨论了热扩散反应法制备Al-TiO2-C系铝基复合材料的反应机理及拉伸性能.热力学分析表明Al-TiO2-C系的合成反应是放热并可自发进行,反应产物中α-Al2O3生成自由能最低,热力学最稳定,当温度高于500K时,TiC优先于Al4C3生成.实验结果表明,当C/TiO2摩尔比为零时,增强体由α-Al2O3和Al3Ti组成,α-Al2O3为细小颗粒,呈偏聚状态,Al3Ti呈棒状,分布相对均匀.随着C/TiO2摩尔比的增加,Al3Ti逐渐减少,在C/TiO2摩尔比等于1时,Al3Ti基本消失,反应产物中未见Al4C3相,其拉伸性能也随之得到改善,拉伸强度和延伸率分别从273.4MPa和3%上升到350.7MPa和6%.     

以茂名高岭土为原料制备亚微米级α-Al_2O_3粉体

研制粒度分布集中、颗粒圆度好的亚微米α-Al2O3粉体材料是超细氧化铝材料研究领域的一个重要课题。分析了以茂名水洗高岭土的化学组成,并以此高岭土为原料,以酸法制备氧化铝的中间产物硫酸铝铵为铝源,采用尿素沉淀法,进行超细α-Al2O3粉体的制备研究。结果表明,茂名水洗土Al2O3含量高达40%,可用该原料制备出硫酸铝铵;该硫酸铝铵经尿素水解法沉淀,得到前驱体Al(OH)3,前驱体经分散干燥和高温焙烧,得到粒径分布范围在50~170nm之间、粒子形状为球形的亚微米级粉体材料。     

铝工业废水处理及其资源化技术研究

为了使铝工业废水达标排放,回收废水中的铝,以NaOH为沉淀剂,通过控制不同pH值,采用化学分步沉淀法对铝工业废水进行处理,同时对所产生的沉淀物Al(OH)3经过干燥、焙烧进行资源化研究,采用粒径测定仪和红外光谱对所得产物进行了分析检测.研究表明:废水处理后得到的Al(OH)3凝胶在干燥15~25 h、焙烧温度1150℃、焙烧7 h的条件下,可得氧化铝粉末,该粉末产品经粒径检测、红外谱图分析,证明所得氧化铝为α-Al2O3,且粒径在227~309 nm范围内.铝工业废水经过分步沉淀处理后,达到国家废水排放标准,废水中的铝以α-Al2O3的形式回收.     

由Gibbsite不易獲得奈米級α氧化鋁粉末的原因

本文探讨何以長時間朱,以三水铝石(gibbsite,Al(OH)3)未能成功量産粒徑細于100nm之α-相氧化铝(α-Al2O3)粉末之原因.以三水铝石為原料經熱處理生産α-Al2O3粉末,此水合物會因熱處理而經歷γ-、κ-,而α-相氧化铝中間相之相燮.此過程為一假形相燮(pseudomorphic transformation),也即出现之三結晶相均将維持原料粉末三铝石之外形,因此必須先有＜100nm之三水铝石粉末才有可能産出奈米級α-Al2O3粉末.但因κ-至α-之相燮存在相燮臨界晶徑,＜100nm晶粒κ-Al2O3粉末難连成高比例α-相相燮發生,而長時間熱處理求取高比例相燮又将使粗粒(＞100nm)晶粒或多晶粒體(＞100nm)生成.因此顧然希望直接由三水铝石量産奈米級α-相氧化铝(α-Al2O3)粉末之可能性降低.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备致密α-Al2O3涂层的研究

以异丙醇铝为前驱物,水为溶剂,硝酸为胶溶剂,用分散法制得了稳定透明的氧化铝溶胶,并用降液法制得了氧化铝凝胶涂层,经热处理后最终获得Al2O3涂层.利用TG-DTA分析了氧化铝凝胶向Al2O3的转变过程.XRD分析表明所获得的涂层为α-Al2O3晶型结构.SEM分析表明所制得的涂层致密均匀,无开裂,并且涂层与基底结合良好.因而该法是一种简单易行的制备致密α-Al2O3涂层的好方法.     

α-Al_2O_3细粉含量对MgO系铸钛包埋材料性能的影响

在MgO系铸钛包埋料中加入α-Al2O3细粉,经1100℃热处理后,MgO和α-Al2O3可原位生成镁铝尖晶石,导致试样体积膨胀,显气孔率明显增加,耐压强度明显降低.当加入的α-Al2O3细粉为10%、20%(质量分数)时,α-Al2O3细粉几乎全部与MgO反应生成镁铝尖晶石,试样体积膨胀最明显,热膨胀率最大,可以很好地弥补钛铸件的冷却收缩.     

钛表面阴极微弧电沉积制备氧化铝涂层

采用阴极微弧电沉积在钛表面生成了厚度达100μm的氧化铝涂层,研究了不同电压下涂层的结构和组成,分析了涂层的生长规律和形成过程.结果表明：阴极微弧电沉积过程包括火花前、微弧和局部弧光三个阶段,期间伴随有Al（NO3）3的离解、Al（OH）3的沉积与高温烧结等反应,微弧区产生的高温高压是形成Al2O3涂层的关键.涂层主要由γ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3组成,随电压升高,α-Al2O3的含量逐渐增加,在400V时其含量达76%.     

Ni对纳米α-Al2 O3/Ni粉体中α相转变温度的影响

以Al(NO3)3·9H2O和(NH4)2CO3溶液为原料,将实验室自制的纳米镍粉加入其中,利用非均相沉淀法制备出粒径＜50nm的纳米α-Al2O3/Ni复合粉体,并用XRD、TEM等手段对纳米复合粉体进行了物相分析及形貌观察.讨论了复合粉体中镍对α-Al2O3相转变温度的影响.结果表明:纳米镍的存在可降低过渡型氧化铝向α型氧化铝转变的相变温度.     

添加剂在熔盐法合成片状α-Al2O3中的作用

以硫酸铝为原料,用溶胶凝胶法制备含有添加剂的Al(OH)3前驱体,在Na2SO4-K2SO4熔盐中煅烧合成α-Al2O3粉体,研究了Na3PO412H2O和TiOSO4添加剂对α-Al2O3形貌的影响,片状氧化铝的形成机理以及添加剂的作用机理.添加剂Na<3PO412H2O中的磷酸根离子在晶体表面的吸附可抑制氧化铝晶体在厚度方向上的生长,并减少粉体之间的团聚和交错生长,获得无团聚且分散性良好的氧化铝薄片;加入TiOSO4后,钛离子的进入会提高铝空位浓度,从而改变晶体各晶面的生长速度,促使其较为规则形貌的形成.从而制备出形貌规则、大小均匀、无团聚的片状α-Al2O3a.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.