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1.
《固体电子学研究与进展》2020,(2)
通过对共晶锡铅焊球与Ni/NiP UBM层扫描电镜界面微观组织观察和成分分析,研究了Sn-37Pb/Ni和Sn-37Pb/NiPUBM焊点界面反应特性。研究表明芯片侧界面IMC由Ni层到焊料的顺序为:靠近Ni层界面化合物为(Ni,Cu)_3Sn,靠近焊料侧化合物为(Cu,Ni)_6Sn_5;PCB板侧界面IMC包括靠近NiP层的NiSnP化合物和靠近焊料侧的(Cu,Ni)_6Sn_5化合物,NiSnP是由于Ni的扩散形成。PCB板侧NiP镀层中存在微裂纹缺陷,此裂纹缺陷会导致金属间化合物中产生裂纹,从而对焊点力学性能和可靠性产生不良的影响。 相似文献
2.
利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu(Sn37Pb)/Cu焊点在时效过程中的界面金属间化合物(IMC)形貌和成份。结果表明:150℃高温时效50、100、200、500h后,Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu(Sn37Pb)/Cu焊点界面IMC尺寸和厚度增加明显,IMC颗粒间的沟槽越来越小。50h时效后界面出现双层IMC结构,靠近焊料的上层为Cu6Sn5,邻近基板的下层为Cu3Sn。之后利用透射电镜观察了Sn37Pb/Ni和Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu/Ni样品焊点界面,结果显示,焊点界面清晰,IMC晶粒明显。 相似文献
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4.
SnSb4.5CuNi/Cu焊点在175℃进行等温时效,分析了不同时效时间的SnSb4.5CuNi/Cu焊点中金属间化合物(IMC)组织形貌演变,通过纳米压痕法测量SnSb4.5CuNi/Cu焊点界面IMC的硬度和弹性模量,对焊接接头进行拉伸强度和低周疲劳测试。结果表明,时效48 h的焊缝中Cu6Sn5呈曲率半径均匀的半圆扇贝状特征,IMC的弹性模量与铜基板很接近,在恒幅对称应变条件下焊点的抗低周疲劳的性能最佳,焊点的抗拉强度高;当时效时间大于48 h,焊接接口的抗疲劳性能和抗拉伸强度逐渐变差。 相似文献
5.
微量Ce对SnAgCu焊料与铜基界面IMC的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
配制了w(Ce)为0.1%和不加Ce的两种Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu焊料。在443K恒温时效,研究Ce对焊料与铜基板界面金属间化合物(IMC)的形成与生长行为的影响。结果发现,焊点最初形成的界面IMC为Cu6Sn5,时效5d后,两种焊料界面均发现有Cu3Sn形成。随着时效时间的增加,界面化合物的厚度也不断增加。焊料中添加w为0.1%的Ce后,能抑制等温时效过程中界面IMC的形成与生长,生长速率降低近1/2。并且,界面IMC的形成与生长均由扩散机制控制。 相似文献
6.
微量Ni对Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu钎料及焊点界面的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
研究了Ni的含量对无铅钎料Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu润湿性、熔点、重熔及老化条件下界面化合物(IMC)的影响。结果表明:微量Ni的加入使SnAgCu润湿力增加6%;使合金熔点略升高约3℃;重熔时在界面形成了(Cu,Ni)6Sn5IMC层,且IMC厚度远高于SnAgCu/Cu的Cu6Sn5IMC厚度。在150℃老化过程中,SnAgCuNi/Cu重熔焊点IMC随着时间的增加,其增幅小于SnAgCu/Cu的增幅,此时Ni对IMC的增长有一定抑制作用。 相似文献
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研究了Sb和稀土化合物的添加对Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu无铅焊料焊接界面金属间化合物层生长的影响。研究结果表明,固态反应阶段界面化合物层的生长快慢排序如下:v(SAC0.4Sb0.1LaB6/Cu)v(SAC0.4Sb/Cu)v(SAC0.1LaB6/Cu)v(SAC/Cu)。计算各种界面IMC生长的激活能Q结果表明,Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu/Cu界面IMC生长的激活能最高,为92.789 kJ,其他焊料合金Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu0.4Sb0.1LaB6/Cu,Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu0.1LaB6/Cu和Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu0.4Sb/Cu界面IMC生长的激活能分别为85.14,84.91和75.57 kJ。在老化温度范围内(≤190℃),Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu0.4Sb0.1LaB6/Cu的扩散系数(D)最小,因而其界面化合物的生长速率最慢。 相似文献
9.
本文简单概述了Sn-Cu系无铅钎料的国内外研究现状。在无铅焊料互连结构中,反应界面化合物层(IMC)的形貌及厚度是决定焊点可靠性的一个重要因素。本文通过研究Sn-0.7Cu共晶焊料中添加Ni微量元素对Sn-0.7Cu与Cu界面反应的影响。结果表明:对于Sn-0.7Cu/Cu界面,液态反应初始生成相为Cu6Sn5,在随后的5次回流焊之后形成新的Cu3Sn相,IMC厚度快速增长从而严重影响焊接的可靠性;添加Ni元素的Sn-0.7Cu/Cu界面初生相为(Cu,Ni)6Sn5,但在回流焊和热老化试验之后,Ni的添加延缓了IMC的增长,IMC的生长受到抑制,且界面无其它相生成。再者,初步探讨了Ge元素的添加对该体系焊料抗氧化性能的影响。 相似文献
10.
Sn基焊料/Cu界面IMC形成机理的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
锡基无铅焊料和Cu基材界面间容易形成Cu<,6>Sn<,5>、Cu<,3>Sn及其他金属间化合物(IMC),而IMC将剧烈地影响焊接接头的性能,故对其的研究有助于了解IMC形成的本质,从而控制其形成和长大,以改善接头性能.综述了近期的研究结果,指出Cu<,6>Sn<,5>易形成扇贝状,而Cu<,3>Sn常常为薄层状;其... 相似文献
11.
The interfacial microstructure and shear strength of Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu-xNi (SAC-xNi, x = 0.5, 1, and 2) composite solders on Ni/Au finished Cu pads were investigated in detail after aging at 150 °C for up to 1000 h. The interfacial characteristics of composite solder joints were affected significantly by the weight percentages of added Ni micro-particles and aging time. After aging for 200 h, the solder joints of SAC, SAC-0.5Ni and -1Ni presented duplex intermetallic compound (IMC) layers regardless of the initial interfacial structure on as-reflowed joints, whose upper and lower IMC layers were comprised of (CuNi)6Sn5 and (NiCu)3Sn4, respectively. Only a single (NiCu)3Sn4 IMC layer was ever observed at the SAC-2Ni/Ni interface on whole aging process. Based on the compositional analysis, the amount of Ni within the IMC regions increased as the proportion of Ni addition increased. The IMC (NiCu)3Sn4 layer thickness on the interface of SAC and SAC-0.5Ni grew more slowly when compared to that of SAC-1Ni and -2Ni, while for the (CuNi)6Sn5 layer the reverse is true. Except the IMCs sizes are increased with increased aging time, the interfacial IMCs tended to transfer their morphologies to polyhedra. In all composite joints testing, the shear strengths were approximately equal to non-composite joints. The fracturing observed during shear testing of composite joints occurred in the bulk solder, indicating that the SAC-xNi/Ni solder joints had a desirable joint reliability. 相似文献
12.
C. E. Ho Y. W. Lin S. C. Yang C. R. Kao D. S. Jiang 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2006,35(5):1017-1024
The volume difference between the various types of solder joints in electronic devices can be enormous. For example, the volume
difference between a 760-μm ball grid array solder joint and a 75-μm flip-chip solder joint is as high as 1000 times. Such
a big difference in volume produces a pronounced solder volume effect. This volume effect on the soldering reactions between
the Sn3AgxCu (x=0.4, 0.5, or 0.6 wt.%) solders and Ni was investigated. Three different sizes of solder spheres (300, 500,
and 760 μm in diameter) were soldered onto Ni soldering pads. Both the Cu concentration and the solder volume had a strong
effect on the type of the reaction products formed. In addition, (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 massively spalled from the interface under certain conditions, including smaller joints and those with lower Cu concentration.
We attributed the massive spalling of (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 to the decrease of the available Cu in the solders. The results of this study suggest that Cu-rich SnAgCu solders can be
used to prevent this massive spalling. 相似文献
13.
M. L. Huang T. Loeher D. Manessis L. Boettcher A. Ostmann H. Reichl 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2006,35(1):181-188
A comparative study of solid/solid interfacial reactions of electroless Ni-P (15 at.% P) with lead-free solders, Sn-0.7Cu,
Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu, and pure Sn, was carried out by performing thermal aging at 150°C up to 1000 h. For pure Sn and
Sn-3.5Ag solder, three distinctive layers, Ni3Sn4, SnNiP, and Ni3P, were observed in between the solder and electroless Ni-P; while for Sn-0.7Cu and Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solders, two distinctive
layers, (CuNi)6Sn5 and Ni3P, were observed. The differences in morphology and growth kinetics of the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the interfaces
between electroless Ni-P and lead-free solders were investigated, as well as the growth kinetics of the P-enriched layers
underneath the interfacial IMC layers. With increasing aging time, the coarsening of interfacial Ni3Sn4 IMC grains for pure Sn and Sn-3.5Ag solder was significantly greater than that of the interfacial (CuNi)6Sn5 IMC grains for Sn-0.7Cu and Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solders. Furthermore, the Ni content in interfacial (CuNi)6Sn5 phase slightly increased during aging. A small addition of Cu (0.7 wt.%) resulted in differences in the type, morphology,
and growth kinetics of interfacial IMCs. By comparing the metallurgical aspects and growth kinetics of the interfacial IMCs
and the underneath P-enriched layers, the role of initial Cu and Ag in lead-free solders is better understood. 相似文献
14.
T. M. Korhonen P. Su S. J. Hong M. A. Korhonen C. -Y. Li 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2000,29(10):1194-1199
We have done experimental research on the dissolution rate and intermetallic growth on Cu, Ni, and CuNi-alloy substrates as
a function of time and Cu/Ni ratio of the substrate. Reactions that occur when CuNi metallizations are soldered with lead-free
solders were investigated. The experiments were performed using Sn-3.5Ag and Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solders and different CuNi alloys.
To determine the rate of dissolution of the substrate material into the solder, CuNi foils of different concentrations were
immersed in Sn-3.5Ag and Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu solder baths for soldering times ranging from 15 sec to 5 min at 250°C. In addition,
reflows of solder balls were made on top of bulk substrates to study the reaction when there is a practically infinite amount
of CuNi available compared to the amount of solder. Thin film experiments were also done, where Ni containing under bump metallizations
(UBMs) were fabricated and reflowed with eutectic SnAg solder balls. The nickel slows down the dissolution of the UBM into
the solder and the formation of intermetallics during reflow compared to Cu metallizations. The solder/UBM interfaces were
analyzed with SEM to find out how Ni concentration affects the reaction, and how much Ni is needed to obtain a sufficiently
slow reaction rate. 相似文献
15.
Effect of silver content on thermal fatigue life of Sn-xAg-0.5Cu flip-chip interconnects 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Shinichi Terashima Yoshiharu Kariya Takuya Hosoi Masamoto Tanaka 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2003,32(12):1527-1533
The thermal fatigue properties of Sn-xAg-0.5Cu (x=1, 2, 3, and 4 in mass%) flip-chip interconnects were investigated to study
the effect of silver content on thermal fatigue endurance. The solder joints with lower silver context (x=1 and 2) had a greater
failure rate compared to those with higher silver content (x=3 and 4) in thermal fatigue testing. Cracks developed in the
solders near the solder/chip interface for all joints tested. This crack propagation may be mainly governed by the nature
of the solders themselves because the strain-concentrated area was similar for tested alloys independent of the silver content.
From the microstructural observation, the fracture was a mixed mode, transgranular and intergranular, independent of the silver
content. Higher silver content alloys (x=3 and 4) had finer Sn grains before thermal cycling according to the dispersion of
the Ag3Sn intermetallic compound, and even after the cycling, they suppressed microstructural coarsening, which degrades the fatigue
resistance. The fatigue endurance of the solder joints was strongly correlated to the silver content, and solder joints with
higher silver content had better fatigue resistance. 相似文献
16.
The mechanical response of PbSn solder joints of two different solder alloys (37 wt.% Pb - 63 wt.% Sn and 95 wt.% Pb - 5 wt.% Sn) used as flip-chip type interconnects is measured through mechanical testing (in tension and in shear). The influence of solder pad composition (Au and Ni) upon the behaviour of the solder joints is examined. Fatigue testing performed upon flipchip samples demonstrates the difference in mechanical comportment between Pb37Sn63 and Pb95Sn5 solders. A model for predicting fatigue life is put forward. 相似文献
17.
A. S. M. A. Haseeb M. M. Arafat S. L. Tay Y. M. Leong 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2017,46(10):5503-5518
Tin (Sn)-based solders have established themselves as the main alternative to the traditional lead (Pb)-based solders in many applications. However, the reliability of the Sn-based solders continues to be a concern. In order to make Sn-based solders microstructurally more stable and hence more reliable, researchers are showing great interest in investigating the effects of the incorporation of different nanoparticles into them. This paper gives an overview of the influence of metallic nanoparticles on the characteristics of interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in Sn-based solder joints on copper substrates during reflow and thermal aging. Nanocomposite solders were prepared by mechanically blending nanoparticles of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn) and titanium (Ti) with Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu and Sn-3.5Ag solder pastes. The composite solders were then reflowed and their wetting characteristics and interfacial microstructural evolution were investigated. Through the paste mixing route, Ni, Co, Zn and Mo nanoparticles alter the morphology and thickness of the IMCs in beneficial ways for the performance of solder joints. The thickness of Cu3Sn IMC is decreased with the addition of Ni, Co and Zn nanoparticles. The thickness of total IMC layer is decreased with the addition of Zn and Mo nanoparticles in the solder. The metallic nanoparticles can be divided into two groups. Ni, Co, and Zn nanoparticles undergo reactive dissolution during solder reflow, causing in situ alloying and therefore offering an alternative route of alloy additions to solders. Mo nanoparticles remain intact during reflow and impart their influence as discrete particles. Mechanisms of interactions between different types of metallic nanoparticles and solder are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Processing and aging characteristics of eutectic Sn-3.5Ag solder reinforced with mechanically incorporated Ni particles 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
F. Guo J. Lee S. Choi J. P. Lucas T. R. Bieler K. N. Subramanian 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2001,30(9):1073-1082
Composite solders offer improved properties compared to non-composite solders. Ni reinforced composite solder was prepared
by mechanically dispersing 15 vol.% of Ni particles into eutectic Sn-3.5Ag solder paste. The average size of the Ni particle
reinforcements was approximately 5 microns. The morphology, size and distribution of the reinforcing phase were characterized
metallographically. Solid-state isothermal aging study was performed on small realistic size solder joints to study the formation
and growth of the intermetallic (IM) layers at Ni reinforcement/solder and Cu substrate/solder interfaces. Effects of reflow
on microstructure and solderability, were studied using Cu substrates. Regarding solderability, the wetting angle of multiple
reflowed Ni reinforced composite solder was compared to the solder matrix alloy, eutectic Sn-3.5Ag. General findings of this
study revealed that Ni particle reinforced composite solder has comparable wetting characteristics to eutectic Sn-3.5Ag solder.
Significant IM layers growth was observed in the Ni composite solder joint under isothermal aging at 150 C. Microstructural
evolution was insignificant when aging temperature was lower than 100 C. Multiple reflow did not significantly change the
microstructure in Ni composite solder joint. 相似文献
19.
The morphological and compositional evolutions of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) formed at three Pb-free solder/electroless
Ni-P interface were investigated with respect to the solder compositions and reflow times. The three Pb-free solder alloys
were Sn3.5Ag, Sn3.5Ag0.75Cu, and Sn3Ag6Bi2In (in wt.%). After reflow reaction, three distinctive layers, Ni3Sn4 (or Ni-Cu-Sn for Sn3.5Ag0.75Cu solder), NiSnP, and Ni3P, were formed on the electroless Ni-P layer in all the solder alloys. For the Sn3.5Ag0.75Cu solder, with increasing reflow
time, the interfacial intermetallics switched from (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 to (Cu,Ni)6Sn5+(Ni,Cu)3Sn4, and then to (Ni,Cu)3Sn4 IMCs. The degree of IMC spalling for the Sn3.5Ag0.75Cu solder joint was more than that of other solders. In the cases of
the Sn3.5Ag and Sn3Ag6Bi2In solder joints, the growth rate of the Ni3P layer was similar because these two type solder joints had a similar interfacial reaction. On the other hand, for the Sn3.5Ag0.75Cu
solder, the thickness of the Ni3P and Ni-Sn-P layers depended on the degree of IMC spalling. Also, the shear strength showed various characteristics depending
on the solder alloys and reflow times. The fractures mainly occurred at the interfaces of Ni3Sn4/Ni-Sn-P and solder/Ni3Sn4. 相似文献
20.
回流焊对SnAgCu焊点IMC及剪切强度的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
研究了回流焊次数对Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu-xNi/Cu(x=0,0.05)焊点的界面反应及其剪切强度的影响。结果表明:随着回流焊次数的增加,界面金属间化合物(IMC)Cu6Sn5和(Cu1-xNix)6Sn5的厚度均增加。在钎料中添加w(Ni)为0.05%,可有效抑制IMC的生长,与回流焊次数无关。回流焊次数对Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu/Cu和Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu-0.05Ni/Cu的剪切强度影响都不大,五次回流焊后剪切强度略有下降,剪切强度分别为21MPa和25MPa。发现断裂面部分在钎料中,部分在钎料和IMC之间。 相似文献