Structural bonding contributions and the elastic response of b.c.c. and f.c.c. crystals

The anisotropic elastic response of body centered cubic (b.c.c.) and face centered cubic (f.c.c.) crystals is reviewed within the framework of general elasticity and particular model dependent relations. It is found that important trends in the observed behavior of specific groups of crystals can be reproduced by models that include only structural contributions to crystal binding. In fact, a very simple model, consisting of only nearest and next nearest neighbor interactions, reproduces the salient behavior, including the algebraic signs of Poisson's ratio and the orderings of the shear moduli, Young's moduli, and Poisson's ratios associated with major crystallographic symmetries. The analysis provides insight into the differences between the b.c.c. transition metals and the b.c.c. alkali metals.     

Violence and U.S. regional culture.

The US South, and western regions of the US initially settled by Southerners, are more violent than the rest of the country. Homicide rates for White Southern males are substantially higher than those for White Northern males, especially in rural areas. But only for argument-related homicides are Southern rates higher. Southerners do not endorse violence more than do Northerners when survey questions are expressed in general terms, but they are more inclined to endorse violence for protection and in response to insults. Southern Ss responded with more apparent anger to insults than did Northerners and were more likely to propose violent solutions to conflicts presented in scenarios after being insulted. The social matrix that produced this pattern may be the culture of honor characteristic of particular economic circumstances, including the herding society of the early South. Consistent with this possibility, the herding regions of the South are still the most violent. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

H. H. Goddard and the immigrants.

Responds to comments by D. D. Dorfman (see record 1982-25821-001), D. Gersh (see record 1982-25825-001), R. J. Herrnstein (1981), and L. J. Kamin (see record 1982-25833-001) on the source of data cited in H. H. Goddard's (1917) article on mental tests with immigrants. An attempt is made to clarify what the cited data about the immigrants represent. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

U.S. psychology and world psychology.

Contends that although US psychology at present occupies a major position in world psychology, the field is growing more rapidly in many other countries. An example of international cooperation in an endeavor that could not be achieved by the psychological community of any single nation (i.e., securing the admission of the International Union of Psychological Science to the International Council of Scientific Unions) is given. A list of suggestions is presented outlining ways in which individual psychologists can take part in international psychological activities. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Relationship between rolling textures and shear textures in f.c.c. and b.c.c. metals

The rolling and shear textures of aluminium (f.c.c.) and Fe-16% Cr (b.c.c.) have been compared. First a 90° rotation relationship about the transverse direction was found experimentally between the stable orientations of the rolling textures and the shear textures. This was explained with the symmetry of the glide systems and the orientation relationship between both coordinate systems. Second for both kinds of deformation namely rolling and shear a 90° rotation relationship about the transverse direction was also found between the stable b.c.c. and f.c.c. orientations. This was explained with the Taylor theory and the Sachs model making use of the orientation relationship between f.c.c. and b.c.c. glide systems.     

Deep dyslexia and the right hemisphere hypothesis: Evidence from the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R.

Discusses the theory that asserts that the residual reading abilities seen in deep dyslexia entirely reflect the operation of an intact right hemisphere reading system rather than a partially disabled left hemisphere reading system. Evidence from an experiment with normal Ss in a report by the present author and colleagues (1983) is presented, which suggests that the right hemisphere contains no lexical entries for abbreviations that can be accessed by visual presentation. Data are presented from studies by K. E. Patterson (1980; see also PA, Vols 63:12203 and 64:10691) on 2 male deep dyslexic's understanding of printed abbreviations, along with observations of a young female deep dyslexic who was tested on understanding of abbreviations and on letter-naming abilities. Considerable sparing of the ability to obtain semantic information from printed abbreviations was evidenced in all 3 Ss. This contrast suggests that the current right hemisphere account of the residual reading abilities seen in deep dyslexia is not a sufficient one and should be modified. (French abstract) (29 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

J. P. Guilford: Psychologist and teacher.

A review of the life and contributions of one of the foremost psychologists of our time. The review covers the contributions of Guilford to experimental psychology—experimental esthetics, sensory processes, perception, and learning; statistical psychology—psychophysics, analysis, test theory and evaluation; measurement of mental abilities—aptitudes of high level personnel, structure of the intellect, and creativity; and personality—tests, questionnaires, and inventories by Guilford and his associates. A complete bibliography shows that Guilford published either as sole author or as co-author 21 books; 29 monographs; 158 articles; and 21 tests, manuals, and profile sheets. A portrait of Guilford is included. (7-p. bibliogr.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

L. S. Vygotsky and contemporary developmental psychology.

Central themes from L. S. Vygotsky's writings that have particular relevance for contemporary developmental psychology are outlined, and these ideas are extended in light of recent theoretical advances in the social sciences and humanities. The discussion focuses primarily on Vygotsky's claims about the social origins and social nature of higher (i.e., uniquely human) mental functioning and on his understanding of culture. His claims about the social origins of individual mental functioning have implications for the definition of terms such as "cognition" and "memory" as well as for how empirical research on these processes can be pursued. His understanding of culture is shown to be derivative of his account of the "psychological tools" that mediate human mental functioning. It is argued that efforts need to be made to elaborate a notion of culture within a Vygotskian framework that takes into account contemporary ideas and findings in the social sciences and humanities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

John E. Hunter and Frank L. Schmidt.

The Distinguished Scientific Award for the Applications of Psychology is presented to a person who, in the opinion of the Committee on Scientific Awards, has made distinguished theoretical or empirical advances leading to the understanding or amelioration of important practical problems. In accordance with established custom, the award winner will be invited to present an address on some phase of his or her scientific work at the APA Convention. This year's (1994) winners, John E. Hunter and Frank L. Schmidt, who received the award for their collaboration, will each be presented with an engrossed citation of his contribution. The awardees' citations, biographies, and selected bibliographies are presented here. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

4. Organizational Development and Change.

Introduces the articles in this section, which focus on the issue of power. The authors in this section address such issues as the analysis of the industrial power structure and its relevance for organizational development interventions, approaches to organizational interventions, the sociotechnical framework for organizational change, and the blind spots industrial/organizational psychologists might have about power and about the distribution of rewards in their efforts at organizational restructuring. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

C. M. Louttit and Psychological Abstracts.

R. A. Littman indicates that L. T. Benjamin and G. R. VandenBos's history of Psychological Abstracts (see record 2006-22042-001) is a fine account of how the American Psychological Association has carried out its responsibility to provide access to psychological research and writing. Littman was pleased to see Mac Louttit's work as editor brought out, and he takes this occasion to give a bit more information about this gifted man's career. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

E. L. Thorndike and the immediacy of reinforcement.

The earliest reference to the immediacy of reinforcement in E. L. Thorndike's writings is found in Animal Intelligence (1911), not in Volume 1 of Educational Psychology as previously stated in an earlier article by L. T. Benjamin and R. Perloff (1982). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)