基于字词融合特征的微博情绪识别方法

文本情绪识别是自然语言处理问题中的一项基本任务。该任务旨在通过分析文本判断该文本是否含有情绪。针对该任务,提出了一种基于字词融合特征的微博情绪识别方法。相对于传统方法,所提方法能够充分考虑微博语言的特点,充分利用字词融合特征提升识别性能。具体而言,首先将微博文本分别用字特征和词特征表示;然后利用LSTM模型(或双向LSTM模型)分别从字特征和词特征表示的微博文本中提取隐层特征;最后融合两组隐层特征,得到字词融合特征,从而进行情绪识别。实验结果表明,该方法能够获得更好的情绪识别性能。     

基于知识增强的文本隐喻识别图编码方法

隐喻识别是自然语言处理中语义理解的重要任务之一,目标为识别某一概念在使用时是否借用了其他概念的属性和特点.由于单纯的神经网络方法受到数据集规模和标注稀疏性问题的制约,近年来,隐喻识别研究者开始探索如何利用其他任务中的知识和粗粒度句法知识结合神经网络模型,获得更有效的特征向量进行文本序列编码和建模.然而,现有方法忽略了词义项知识和细粒度句法知识,造成了外部知识利用率低的问题,难以建模复杂语境.针对上述问题,提出一种基于知识增强的图编码方法（knowledge-enhanced graph encoding method,KEG）来进行文本中的隐喻识别.该方法分为3个部分：在文本编码层,利用词义项知识训练语义向量,与预训练模型产生的上下文向量结合,增强语义表示;在图网络层,利用细粒度句法知识构建信息图,进而计算细粒度上下文,结合图循环神经网络进行迭代式状态传递,获得表示词的节点向量和表示句子的全局向量,实现对复杂语境的高效建模;在解码层,按照序列标注架构,采用条件随机场对序列标签进行解码.实验结果表明,该方法的性能在4个国际公开数据集上均获得有效提升.     

基于神经网络的微博情绪识别与诱因抽取联合模型

情绪诱因抽取作为深层次的文本情绪理解已成为情绪分析任务中的新热点,当前研究通常把诱因抽取和情绪识别看作两个独立的任务,容易导致错误在任务间的传播问题。考虑到情绪识别及诱因抽取是相互作用的,以及微博文本中表情符通常表达文本的情绪,提出了一种基于双向长短期记忆条件随机场（Bi-LSTM-CRF）模型的情绪诱因和表情符情绪识别的联合模型。该模型将情绪诱因抽取以及情绪识别形式化为一个统一的序列标注问题,充分利用了情绪诱因与情绪之间的互相作用,将情绪诱因的抽取和情绪识别同时进行。实验结果表明,该模型在诱因抽取任务中的F值为82.70%,在情绪识别任务中的F值为74.74%,相比串行模型的F值分别提高5.82和17.12个百分点,这个结果表明联合模型能够有效降低任务串行进行时的误差传递,同时提高了诱因抽取和情绪识别的F值。     

基于图排序模型的微博观点信息识别

随着在线社交网络的爆炸式增长,微博已成为人们发表观点和表达情绪的重要平台。微博不仅可以反映用户的观点,还可以通过转发方式等传递观点,进而影响其他用户的观点。然而,微博以其简短、口语化等特点,给识别观点带来了新的挑战。仅仅基于文本进行观点分析的传统方法在分析微博观点倾向时,效果并不理想。为解决此问题,提出了一种基于图排序模型的微博观点信息识别算法。首先,利用布尔模型表示微博文本,并用逻辑回归进行观点分析获得伪标签;然后,利用上下文关系构建微博关系图,并利用受限玻尔兹曼机抽取高维特征;最后,基于图排序模型识别微博观点信息。实验结果表明,该算法能有效地对微博观点进行识别。     

基于情绪知识的中文微博情感分类方法

通过对新浪微博文本进行情感信息方面的分析与研究,提出一种基于情绪知识的非监督情感分类方法。利用情绪词和表情图片 2种情绪知识对大规模微博非标注语料进行筛选并自动标注,用自动标注好的语料作为训练集构建微博情感文本分类器,对微博文本进行情感极性自动分类。实验结果表明,该方法对微博文本的情感极性分类达到较好的效果。     

面向微博文本的命名实体识别

命名实体识别是文本信息处理的重要基础,也是自然语言处理的一项关键技术.近几年来微博迅速发展成为人们进行信息交流的平台,微博文本俨然已经成为进行命名实体抽取的新载体.论文利用微博内容和结构的特点,提出了一种基于统计与规则相结合的命名实体识别的方法.微博文本较短并且文本中含有标签、话题等内容,论文在考虑这些特点基础上,利用微博评论和转发进行词频统计,通过规则筛选,完成命名实体识别.在新浪微博数据上的实验结果表明该方法可以有效地提高微博中命名实体识别效果.     

基于图卷积记忆网络的方面级情感分类

在方面级情感分类中,常用的方法是用卷积神经网络或循环神经网络提取特征,利用注意力权重获取序列中不同词汇的重要程度。但此类方法未能很好地利用文本的句法信息,导致模型不能准确地在评价词与方面词之间建立联系。该文提出一种图卷积神经记忆网络模型(MemGCN)来解决此依赖问题。首先通过记忆网络存储文本表示与辅助信息,然后利用基于依存句法树的图卷积神经网络获取文本的句法信息。最后,使用注意力机制融合句法信息与其他辅助信息。在SemEval 2014任务和Twitter数据集上的实验结果表明,MemGCN显著提升了模型性能。     

基于全局变量CRFs模型的微博情感对象识别方法

微博行文具有较大的自由性,其中情感对象识别是一个困难的问题,尤其是情感对象未显性出现情况下的情感对象识别,暂未发现有效解决方法。该文针对这一难题,结合中文微博的特点,提出了一种改进的条件随机场的模型。该模型把情感对象识别看作一个序列标记问题,通过在传统的CRF序列标记模型上增加情感对象的全局节点,有效地结合上下文信息、句法依赖以及情感词典,从而可以识别出微博中的情感对象。该方法的优势在于能够应用于情感对象未显性出现的情况。实验结果表明该方法比现有方法能更有效地识别出微博中的情感对象。     

基于词性标注序列特征提取的微博情感分类

传统的n-gram文本特征提取方法会产生高维度的特征向量,高维数据不但增大了分类的难度,同时也会增加分类的时间。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于词性（POS）标注序列的特征提取方法,根据词性序列能够代表一类文本的这一个特点,利用词性序列组作为文本的特征以达到降低特征维度的效果。在实验中,词性序列特征提取方法比n-gram特征提取方法至少提高了9%的分类精度,降低4816个维度。实验结果表明,该方法能够适用于微博情感分类。     

基于图卷积网络融合依存信息的事件检测方法

句子级别细粒度的事件检测任务旨在对触发词进行识别与分类。针对现有事件检测方法中存在的过度平滑及缺乏依存类型信息的问题,提出了一种基于图卷积网络融合依存信息的事件检测方法。该模型首先使用双向长短期记忆网络对句子进行编码,同时根据依存分析构建多阶句法图和依存句法图;然后利用图卷积网络融合句子的依存信息,从而有效地利用多跳信息和依存标签信息。在自动文本抽取数据集上进行实验,在触发词识别和分类这两个子任务中分别取得了81.7%和78.6%的F1值。结果显示,提出的方法能更加有效地捕获句子中的事件信息,提升了事件检测的效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.