新型红枣肉类复合灌肠工艺研究

本文介绍了将红枣粉添加到猪肉中制成复合灌肠的工艺研究。通过L9（3^4）正交试验并结合感观评定得出最优组合：肥瘦比1：4,红枣粉10％,淀粉8％。最后以最佳组合糊成灌肠在常温下一个月存放时间后,进行理化指标和微生物指标检测,测得各项指标均符合肉与肉制品国家标准。总之红枣肉类复合灌肠具有红枣和肉的风味,同时具有提高灌肠的营养价值和改善灌肠风味等作用。     

新型红枣肉类复合灌肠工艺研究

介绍了将红枣粉添加到猪肉中制成复合灌肠的工艺研究。通过L(934)正交实验并结合感观评定得出最优组合:肥瘦肉质量比1∶4,红枣粉与淀粉分别为猪肉质量的10%和8%。最后以最佳组合制成灌肠在常温下存放一个月后,进行理化指标和微生物指标检测,测得各项指标均符合肉与肉制品国家标准。红枣肉类复合灌肠具有红枣和肉的风味,同时具有提高灌肠营养价值和改善灌肠风味等作用。     

新型胡萝卜肉类复合灌肠工艺研究

介绍了将碎胡萝卜丁添加到猪肉中制成复合灌肠的工艺研究。通过L9（3^4）正交试验并结合感观评定得出最优组合：肥瘦比1：5，碎胡萝卜丁15％，淀粉10％。最后以最佳组合制成灌肠在常温下一个月存放时间后，进行理化指标和微生物指标检测，测得各项指标均符合肉与肉制品国家标准。具有蔬菜和肉的风味，兼备提高灌肠的营养价值和改善灌肠风味等作用。     

红枣芦荟营养保健香肠的开发研究

将红枣粉和芦荟汁添加到香肠制品制成红枣芦荟营养保健香肠。利用正交试验及感观评定确定除猪肉外的主要原料的最佳配比为：红枣20％，芦荟15％、大豆蛋白4％、马铃薯淀粉8％(各原料的百分比均为占原料肉的百分比)经产品质量检验，各项指标均符合肉与肉制品国家标准。     

混料设计优化龙眼、红枣和姜粉复合果蔬粉配方

目的 优化龙眼、红枣和姜复合果蔬粉配方。方法 采用混料设计优化复合果蔬粉配方,将龙眼粉(80%~90%),红枣粉(1%~10%)和姜粉(1%~10%)按不同质量配比组合的复合果蔬粉配方,利用5段嗜好尺度感官评定法评定复合果蔬粉的香气、滋味、溶解性和总体评价4个感官指标,建立配料组成成分与复合果蔬粉感官评价指标之间的回归方程,采用Design Expert统计软件优化得到最佳的配方。结果 龙眼复合果蔬粉优化配方的质量百分比为：龙眼粉90.0%、红枣粉8.4%、姜粉1.6%。经验证实验,此优化配方样品的香气、滋味、溶解性和总体感官评价指标分值分别为3.80、4.00、2.90和3.67,与预测值相符。结论 本研究结果为龙眼复合果蔬粉的实际生产提供了参考依据。     

响应面法优化羊肚菌红枣复合营养粉的加工工艺

以羊肚菌、红枣粉为主要原料,以脱脂奶粉、白砂糖、增稠稳定剂为辅料,加工制作一种复合营养粉,在单因素试验的基础上,以感官评分为指标,采用响应面分析法确定复合营养粉最优配方比例。结果表明,响应面法分析得出最佳配方为:红枣粉2.0g、羊肚菌粉1.6g、脱脂奶粉3.5g、白砂糖2.2g,增稠稳定剂0.3g。在此配方下,得出的羊肚菌红枣复合营养粉外观形态良好,复水性合适,无结块,风味独特,稳定性好。     

模糊数学综合评价法优化红枣奶饮料的生产配方

以红枣粉、奶粉为主要原料,通过单因素和正交试验相结合,以离心沉淀率为评价指标确定红枣奶饮料中稳定剂最佳配比;在此基础上,采用模糊数学综合评价法确定红枣奶饮料最佳配方。结果表明,最佳稳定剂配比为黄原胶0.25%、单硬脂酸甘油酯0.15%、瓜尔豆胶0.15%。在此最佳稳定剂条件下,离心沉淀率最低为3.08%;红枣奶饮料的最佳配方为红枣粉8%、奶粉4%、蔗糖2%。在此最佳配方条件下,感官评分为91.53分,风味独特,组织状态良好,质量指标符合相关国标,具有广阔的市场前景。     

鱼肉羊肉猪肉复合香肠的开发研究

以新鲜的鱼肉、羊肉、猪肉为主要原料，根据其生物学和生物化学特性，运用正交试验设计和模糊数学理论，采用复合式即食香肠制作新工艺，研制了一种营养价值较高、风味独特、质构较好的鱼肉、羊肉、猪肉复合香肠。产品色泽均匀一致，淡红偏白，具有鱼肉、羊肉和猪肉的复合香味，肉质细嫩，口感良好，咸淡适宜，组织紧密，光滑有弹性。经产品质量检验，各项指标均符合肉与肉制品国家标准。主要原料配比为：鱼肉60g、羊肉54a、猪肉100a、猪肥腰15a.     

红枣桃酥的加工工艺研究

以糕点专用粉、红枣粉为原料,起酥油、白砂糖、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢铵、鸡蛋等为辅料,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定出加工红枣桃酥的最佳配方为：糕点专用粉100g、红枣粉6g、起酥油55g、白砂糖30g、膨松剂（碳酸氢钠0.8g、碳酸氢铵1.2g）2.0g。在此工艺条件下,制成的桃酥在保持了传统桃酥口感和风味不变的同时,降低桃酥中糖的用量,并赋予了桃酥新的营养价值。     

甜玉米保健灌肠工艺的研究

在灌肠过程中加入甜玉米能够改善灌肠风味,提高肠类的营养价值和保健功能.以猪肉、鸡肉、甜玉米为主要的原辅料,用葡萄糖代替白糖,通过正交试验得到甜玉米灌肠的最佳配方组合,猪肉:鸡肉=5:5;葡萄糖添加量0.4％,玉米淀粉为10％,甜玉米添加量12％.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the