Effect and influence factors of sulfur removal in coal with fungus

The influence of coal desulfurization by fungus was experimentally studied. The results suggest that fungus can effectively remove inorganic and organic sulfur in coal, and main influences of desulfurization by fungus of pH value, temperature, coal slurry concentration and coal granularity were studied by orthodox experiment and the optimal experimental conditions are as follows: pH value 6, temperature 45 °C, coal slurry concentration 10% and coal granularity 100 μm. Under above conditions, fungus can remove up to 44.96% total sulfur and 54.87% inorganic sulfur within two days, and their desulfurization rates will increase along with time. Compared with sulfolobas, desulphurization by fungus is steady and more effective, and has advantage of high speed. Foundation item: Project(2002AA649220) supported by Hi-tech Research and Development Programe; project(1667) supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Central South University     

Main influence factors on desulfurization of coal by sulfolobas

1　INTRODUCTIONHighsulfurcoalwhichletsoutpoisonousandharm fulgassuchassulfurdioxideintheprocessofcoalcom bustion ,isamainfactortoform greatareaacidrainandoccupiesonethirdreservesoftotalcoalinChina .Manhaspaidmuchattentiontoseriousenvironmentpollutionmadebysulfurincoalandsearchedforaspeed ,low costandeffectivetechnologyofdesulfurizationwhichhasbecomeasignificantenvironmentprotectiontasknowadays[1] .Coaldesulfurizationcanbesortedintofore burning ,aflame burningandafter burningbyburningproce…     

Effect and influence factors of sulfur removal in coal with fungus

The influence of coal desulfurization by fungus was experimentally studied. The results suggest that fungus can effectively remove inorganic and organic sulfur in coal, and main influences of desulfurization by fungus of pH value, temperature, coal slurry concentration and coal granularity were studied by orthodox experiment and the optimal experimental conditions are′as follows: pH value 6, temperature 45 ℃, coal slurry concentration 10% and coal granularity 100 μm. Under above conditions, fungus car remove up to 44.96% total sulfur and 54. 87% inorganic sulfur within two days, and their desulfurization rates will increase along with time. Compared with sulfolobas, desulphurization by fungus is steady and more effective, and has advantage of high speed.     

以脱硫添加剂应对燃煤火电厂高硫煤的问题

我司设计入炉煤种硫份为0脱硫效率9浆液pH值维持5以上时脱硫系统S实际最大处理能力为26mg/m折合煤质含硫1通过采用脱硫添加剂,在保证脱硫效率大于9浆液运行pH值5的前提下,脱硫系统的S实际处理能力提高到3mg/m折合煤质含硫1有效解决了火电厂高硫煤的问题,提高了电厂的经济效益。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌脱除煤中硫的研究

利用氧化亚铁硫杆菌对高硫煤进行了微生物脱硫研究．研究表明，微生物能降解高硫煤中的硫，而且随处理时间的延长脱硫率逐渐升高．煤样的粒度、细菌接种量、补加氮源对脱硫有一定影响．实验中还发现，对煤样进行酸预处理，然后再进行微生物脱硫，脱硫率可达46.3％。     

Modeling and process optimization for microbial desulfurization of coal by using a two-level full factorial design

The microbial sulfur removal was investigated on high sulfur content (1.9%) coal concentrate from Tabas coal preparation plant. A mixed culture of ferrooxidans microorganisms was isolated from the tailing dam of the plant. Full factorial method was used to design laboratory test and to evaluate the effects of pH, particle size, iron sulfate concentration, pulp density, and bioleaching time on sulfur reduction. Statistical analyses of experimental data were considered and showed increases of pH and particle size had negative effects on sulfur reduction, whereas increases of pulp density and bioleaching time raised microbial desulfurization rate. According to results of designing, and regarding statistical factors, the optimum values for maximum sulfur reduction were obtained; pH (1.5), particle size (?180 μm), iron sulfate concentration (2.7 mmol/L), pulp density (10%) and bioleaching time (14 d), which leaded to 51.5% reduction from the total sulfur of sample.     

Acidophilic bacterial community reflecting pollution level of sulphide mine impacted by acid mine drainage

To reveal the impact of mining on bacterial ecology around mining area, bacterial community and geochemical characteristics about Dabaoshan Mine (Guangdong Province, China) were studied. By amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and phylogenetic analysis, it is found that mining pollution greatly impacts the bacterial ecology and makes the habitat type of polluted environments close to acid mine drainage (AMD) ecology. The polluted environment is acidified so greatly that neutrophil and alkaliphilic microbes are massively dead and decomposed. It provided organic matters that can make Acidiphilium sp. rapidly grow and become the most bacterial species in this niche. Furthermore, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum sp. are also present in this niche. The amount of Leptospirillum sp. is far more than that of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, which indicates that the concentration of toxic ions is very high. The conclusions of biogeochemical analysis and microbiological monitor are identical. Moreover, because the growth of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum sp. depends on ferrous iron or inorganic redox sulfur compounds which can be supplied by continual AMD, their presence indicates that AMD still flows into the site. And the area is closer to the outfalls of AMD, their biomasses would be more. So the distinction of their biomasses among different areas can help us to find the effluent route of AMD. Foundation item: Project(50621063) supported by the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of China; Project(2004CB619201) supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China     

Characterization of tricalcium phosphate solubilization by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia YC isolated from phosphate mines

The phosphate solubilizing characteristics of a strain YC, which was isolated from phosphate mines (Hubei, China), were studied in National Botanical Research Institute’s phosphate (NBRIP) growth medium containing tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as sole phosphorus (P) source. The strain YC is identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) based upon the results of morphologic, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequences analysis. The results show that the strain S. maltophilia YC can solubilize TCP and release soluble P in NBRIP growth medium. A positive correlation between concentration of soluble P and population of the isolate and a negative correlation between concentration of soluble P and pH in the culture medium are observed from statistical analysis results. Moreover, gluconic acid is detected in the culture medium by HPLC analysis. It indicates that the isolate can release gluconic acid during the solubilizing experiment, which causes acidification of the culture medium and then TCP solubilization. S. maltophilia YC has a maximal TCP solubilizing capability when using maltose as carbon source and ammonium nitrate as nitrogen source, respectively, in NBRIP growth medium. Foundation item: Project(2004CB619201) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project(Z200515002) supported by the Key Project Foundation of the Education Department of Hubei Province, China; Project(GCP200801) supported by the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, China; Project(Q200811) supported by the Youths Science Foundation of Wuhan Institute of Technology, China     

煤的微生物脱硫的实验研究

煤中硫的脱出可以减轻对环境的污染,而煤的生物充是很有前景的一种脱硫方法,利用空气搅拌法,研究了内蒙古自治区酸性矿井水、土壤液、城市污未和工厂废液对乌达雀儿沟煤中硫的脱出能力,经过２ｄ细菌２和１５ｄ脱硫,发现除城市污水外,其余的均能脱掉煤中部分硫,硫脱除率２６．９５－３８．７７％;而且,中性环境与酸性环境有着几乎一致的硫脱除率。     

660MW机组脱硫吸收塔浆液pH值控制优化

随着国家节能减排工作的深入开展,对火电厂的排放指标的要求越来越严格,环保指标红线意识越来越得到重视,在煤炭的含硫量一定的情况下,如何利用现有的控制与调整手段,实现环保指标的低排放的问题,摆在生产一线人员的面前。通过对影响脱硫效率的主要因素分析,对原脱硫系统浆液p H控制策略存在的问题进行分析研究,提出有效的优化方案,以改善p H值调节品质,利用试验证明可优化p H值控制,提高p H控制品质;此举可进一步提高脱硫效率,是效益最大化、环保合法化的一个重要保障。     

Removal of lead in wastewater by immobilized inactivated cells of Rhizopus oligosporus

A novel technology for lead removal with nonliving Rhizopus oligosporus immobilized in calcium alginate was studied. The results show that the main influencing factors include pH value and interfering cations. pH value has different effects on biosorption of various heavy metals and lead adsorption can be proceeded by controlling pH value in a range of 2-5; interfering cations especially Cu( Ⅱ ) can make the adsorption amount of Pb( Ⅱ ) decrease by immobilized Rhizopus oligosporus. Desorption efficiency of different eluants and kinetics were investigated. Citrate the reaction equilibrium reaches 3 h. Immobilized biomass keeps high lead biosorption capacity after five cycles of regeneration.     

Adsorption characteristics of thiobacillus ferrooxidans on surface of sulfide minerals

By using thiobacillus ferroxidans (T. f) from Qixiashan, Hubei Province, China, the adsorption characteristics of T. f on surface of sulfide mineral were studied. The influences of adsorption time, pH value, temperature, initial inoculated concentration of bacteria, concentration of sulfide mineral powder, and variety of minerals on the adsorption characteristics were firstly investigated by using the ninhydrin colorimetric method, and the changes of contact angles and Zeta potentials of mineral surface during the bacterial adsorption were then determined. The results show that when the leaching experiments are performed for a long time from several days to a month, the maximal quantity of adsorption of T f on the surface of pyrite is obtained under the following conditions: leaching for 20 d, pH value in range of 1–2 and temperature at 30 °C, respectively; when the bio-leaching experiments are performed for a shorter leaching time, the maximal quantity of adsorption is obtained under the conditions: bio-leaching for 2 h, at 2.4×10⁷ cell/mL of initial inoculated bacteria concentration, and at 10% of mineral powder concentration; and the adsorption quantities are different from one sulfide mineral to another, and the adsorption of T. f on the surface of sulfide minerals includes three phases: increasing phase, stationary phase and decreasing phase. Foundation item: Project(50321402) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; project (2004CB619204) supported by the National Key Fundamental Research and Development Program of China     

Hollow fiber liquid-supported membrane technology for enantioseparation of racemic salbutamol by combinatorial chiral selectors

Enantioseparation of salbutamol solute was carried out in liquid-supported membrane by using a polyvinylidene fluoride hollow-fiber module. The enantioselective transport of solute was facilitated by combinatorial chiral selectors, which were dissolved in toluene organic solvent. The effects of molar concentration ratios of salbutamol to combinatorial chiral selectors, and the pH value of buffer solution on enantioseparation were investigated. The results show that when the molar concentration ratio is 2 ： 1 ： 1, the maximum separation factor and enantiomer excess are 1.49 and 19.74%, respectively, and the R-enantiomer flux is more than S-enantiomer; the pH value of buffer solution influences the performances of enantioseparartion obviously, and the appropriate range of pH value is 7.0-7.2.     

Isolation and characterization of YNTC-1, a novel Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis strain

A heterotrophic acidothermophilic bacterial strain, YNTC-1, was isolated from an acidic hot spring in Tengchong, Yunan, China. YNTC-1 grows at pH value of 1.5-8.0 and temperature of 40-70 ℃, with optimal pH and temperature at 3.0 and 55 ℃, respectively. The cells of the strain are in shape of short rod, with 1.0-1.2 μm in length and 0.7-0.8 μm in diameter, and with distinct spores at both poles of each cell. The predominant fatty acids in cellular membrane of the strain are C18：1 ω7c. 16s rRNA gene analysis reveals that this strain is closely related to Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis, with over 99% sequence similarity. Based on phenotypic and genotypic analyses, YNTC-1 is identified as a member ofA. sendaiensis. Considering some important morphological and biochemical differences between strain YNTC-1 and A. sendaiensis ATCC 27009T, YNTC-1 may be proposed to be a novel subspecies of A. sendaiensis. However, this viewpoint has to be confirmed by further studies. Co-bioleaching of pyrite and chalcopyrite with strain YN22, Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, shows that strain YNTC-1 has no evident influence on bioleaching rates of these two sulphide minerals.     

Experimental research on Phanerochaete chrysosporium as coal microbial flocculant

The flocculation effect of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium on the coal slurry were studied by orthogonal experimental method in this study. The results of research show that the P. chrysosporium has a good effect on flocculating coal slurry. The optimum combination of the experimental is the P. chrysosporium, which is cultured in 2 days, mixed with 2 mL coagulant and 2 mL broth. The flocculant is a broken liquid with pH value of 6. The hightest flocculation ratio is 93.5%. The result of FTIR shows that the biological extraction of P. chrysosporium contains a lot of acidic polysaccharides that has the effect on flocculation. Microbial flocculant molecules and particles of coal slurry could be flocculated by “absorption bridge”.     

Enantiomeric separation of phenylsuccinic acid by cyclodextrin-modified reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography

The chiral separation of phenylsuccinic acid (PSA) was studied by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with cyclodextrins (CDs) as chiral mobile phase additives. The effects of types of CDs, concentration of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), percentage of organic modifier, pH value and column temperature on enantioselective separation were investigated. The quantification property of the developed RP-HPLC method was examined. The chiral recognition mechanism of PSA was also discussed. The results show that a baseline separation of PSA enantiomers is achieved on a Lichrospher C18 column (4.6 mm (inner diameter)×250 mm, 5 μm) with HP-β-CD as chiral mobile phase additive. The capacity factors of R-PSA and S-PSA are 3.94 and 4.80, respectively. The separation factor and resolution are respectively 1.22 and 8.03. The mobile phase is a mixture of acetonitrile and deionized water (20:80, volume ratio) containing 10 mmol/L HP-β-CD and 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (pH 2.5, adjusted with triethylamine) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The ultraviolet (UV) detector is set at 254 nm. The likely roles are inclusion interaction, induction and hydrogen bonding between HP-β-CD and PSA enantiomers. Foundation item: Project(20776038) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Isolation and characterization of Acidithiobacillus caldus from several typical environments in China

Six strains of moderately thermophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated from several different typical environments in China. The identities of the isolates were confirmed by analyses of their 16S rRNA genes, and some key physiological traits. The isolates are Gram negative, rod-shaped bacteria, their optimal temperature and pH value for growth are 45-50 ℃ and 2.5-3.5 respectively. They are autotrophic and used＇elemental sulfur, sodium thiosulfate and potassium tetrathionate as electron donor, while a little glucose stimulated their growth. 16S rDNA sequences analysis reveals that the strains are phylogenetically clustered to Acidithiobacillus caldus.     

Synthesis and coloring properties of Cd（S1-xSex） pigments by precipitate-hydrothermal method

Cd（S1-xSex） pigments （red to yellow） were synthesized by precipitate-hydrothermal method. The structure, morphology and hue of the powder were characterized by X-ray diffractometry （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDAX） and CIE chromaticity. The optimum synthesis conditions were obtained and reaction mechanism was further analyzed as well. The results show that molar ratio of S to Se, pH value and hydrothermal reaction conditions have great effects on the hues of the pigments. Pigments with vivid hues are obtained under the conditions that pH value is about 13.0, hydrothermal reaction condition is at 140 ℃ for 4 h or at 160 ℃ for 6 h. The reaction mechanism is that Se^2- of Cd（S1-xSex） substitutes S^2- of CdS and then forms a continuous solid solution.     

高硫煤还原分解磷石膏试验研究

简要介绍了磷石膏的组成、危害以及现状.利用高硫煤还原分解磷石膏进行了试验研究,得到了高硫煤还原分解磷石膏时,磷石膏在约1000℃时进行分解,并且在1 200℃达到最高的分解率与脱硫率.随着反应温度的升高,磷石膏的分解率与脱硫率在提高,同时磷石膏分解率达到97%的反应时间逐渐减少.利用高硫煤还原分解磷石膏,可以有效提高烟气中SO2的浓度,磷石膏与高硫煤摩尔比约为0.7时,SO2浓度达到最高约14%,增加了磷石膏再利用的经济效益.