糖精法合成苯并氮杂冠醚

糖精通过烃化和氨解生成带保护基的多甘胺。用４，５－苯并－３，６－二氧杂－１，８－辛二醇二对甲苯磺酸酯第二次烃化，得到带保护基的苯并氮杂冠醚，再用２０％ＨＣｌ水解生成苯并二氮杂冠醚。２，３－苯并－７，１６－二氮杂－１８－冠－６的总收率为１２％左右。     

糖精法合成本并氮杂冠醚

糖精通过烃化和氨解生成带保护基的多甘胺。用４，５－苯并－３，６－二氧杂－ｌ，８－辛二醇二对甲苯磺酸酯第二次烃化，得到带保护基的苯并氮杂冠醚，再用２０％ＨＣｌ水解生成苯并二氮杂冠醚。２，３－苯并－７，１６－二氮杂－１８－冠－６的总收率为１２％左右。     

高分子冠醚的合成及其色谱性能的研究

合成了一种新型聚硅氧烷侧链全氧冠醚（丙烷氧基１５－冠－５）。用其涂渍的弹性石英管柱柱效较高，使用温度范围较宽，热稳定性和选择性较好。研究了固定液对样品的分离机理。     

7,16—二硫苯并18—冠—6的新合成法

目前,对以苯并１８－冠－６为中间体的双冠醚的研究很多［１］,而对含硫的苯并１８－冠－６及其双冠醚的研究则几乎没有,其主要原因是含硫的苯并１８－冠－６合成难,产率很低,文献［２］报道的７,１６－二硫苯并１８－冠－６的产率还不到１％。我们参照文献［３］合成氮杂冠醚的方法来合成硫杂冠醚,得到了高纯度、较高产率的７,１６－二硫苯并１８－冠－６。此法产率较高,产物的分离和纯化也较简便,其合成路线如下：（　）２ＯＯＴｓＯＯＴｓＨＳＯＳＨｔ－ＢｕＯＨ／二氧六环,碱ＯＳＯＯＳＯ１　实验部分１．１　试剂和仪器苯二…     

1，5－二（2－硝基苯氧基）－3－氮杂戊烷及其N－取代物的合成

报道了９个新型二硝基化合物的合成。将１，５－二（２－硝基苯氧基）－Ｎ－对甲苯磺酞基－３－氮杂戊烷用３３％ＨＢｒ－ＨＡｃ脱磺酰基得到１，５－二（２－硝基苯氧基）－３－氮杂戊烷。Ｎ－取代氮芥与邻硝基苯酚在碳酸钾存在下，在ＤＭＦ中，于８０℃缩合反应６ｈ得到Ｎ－取代－１，５－二（２－硝基苯氧基）－３－氮杂戊烷，取代基为：ＣＨ＿２ＣＨ＝ＣＨ＿２，Ｃ＿４Ｈ＿（９－ｎ），Ｃ＿５Ｈ＿（１１－ｎ），ＣＨ＿２ＣＨ＿２ＯＣＨ＿３，ＣＨ＿２ＣＨ＿２ＯＣ＿２Ｈ＿５，ＣＨ＿２ＣＨ＿２ＯＣ＿４Ｈ＿（９－ｎ），（ＣＨ＿２ＣＨ＿２Ｏ）＿２ＣＨ＿３，（ＣＨ＿２ＣＨ＿２Ｏ）＿２Ｃ＿４Ｈ＿（９－ｎ）。     

硫氮杂冠醚大环配体及其过渡金属配合物的合成与表征

合成了一种新的含硫氮杂冠醚大环配体4，5：13，14－二苯并－9－甲基－3，15－二氧－20－硫－7，11－二氮双环[15.2.1]二十环－1（19），17－二烯，及其过渡金属Cu(II),Ni(II),Hg(II),Co(II)和Mn(II)的配合物，用元素分析，红外光谱，核磁共振谱，质谱和电导测定等手段表征了这些化合物，发现配体中氧原子和氮原子均与金属离子配位。     

新型冠醚交联壳聚糖的合成

利用壳聚糖C2位上活泼氨基与苯甲醛反应,制得了保护氨基的Schiff碱壳聚糖（简称CTB）;再将合成的带有双活性基团的4,4‘-二溴二苯并18-冠-6冠醚与壳聚糖分子的羟基发生反应,得到二苯并18-冠-6冠醚交联的Schiff碱壳聚糖（简称CTBD）,在酸性条件下使CTBD脱去苯甲醛,制得二苯并18-冠-6冠醚交联壳聚糖（简称CTD）。其主要中间体及产物的结构经红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振动等进行了鉴定。     

N－取代氮杂冠醚

综述了Ｎ－取代氮杂冠醚的性质、应用和合成。     

假神经酰胺的合成

脂肪醇与环氧氯丙烷在相转移催化剂的作用下合成了十六烷基失水甘油醚,再先后与乙醇胺和脂肪酸酯反应合成了系列假神经酰胺;（N-（3-十六烷氧基-2-羟基丙基）-N-（2-羟基乙基）十二酰胺）、（N-（3-十六烷氧基-2-羟基丙基）-N-（2-羟基乙基）十四酰胺）和N-（3-十六烷氧-2-羟基丙基）-N-（2-羟基乙基）十六酰胺。     

新型磷-氮阻燃剂N,N′-双(2-氧-5,5-二甲基-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环己烷)-2,2′-间苯二胺的合成研究

以氯氧化磷、新戊二醇、间苯二胺等为原料合成了未见文献报道的Ｎ，Ｎ′－双（２－氧－５，５－二甲基－１，３，２－二氧磷杂环己烷）－２，２′－间苯二胺（二新戊二醇间苯二胺双膦酸酯），探讨出最佳工艺条件，并通过ＦＴＩＲ、１ＨＮＭＲ、元素分析验证了产物结构。     

硫杂冠醚对Ag(I)和Tl(I)的萃取

基于冠醚的配位化学及软硬酸碱理论,设计并合成了五种硫杂冠醚,系统研究了其对Ag(I)和Tl(I)两种软酸离子的络合能力.模拟计算结果表明,五种冠醚与Ag(I)和Tl(I)络合后构型均发生了转变,且结构优化后的五种冠醚与Ag(I)络合过程的ΔG和ΔU均较负,表现出了一定的配位能力,而与Tl(I)络合过程的ΔG和ΔU均接近...     

冠醚化合物对乳剂晶体外延生长的调变作用

本工作研究了冠醚化合物在外延乳剂生长过程中的调变作用。结果表明，１，４，７，１０，１３，１６－六氧杂环十八烷对ＡｇＢｒ八面体乳剂无侵蚀作用，对非同晶系晶体之间的外延不起调变作用。１，７，１０，１６－四氯－４，１３－二氮代杂环十八烷均使ＡｇＢｒ八面体乳剂的棱角产生了不同程度的侵蚀，可充当不同晶系晶体外延生长的调变剂，对晶体的溶解侵蚀能力依２Ｓ－１８－Ｃ－６，２Ｎ－１８－Ｃ－６，１８－Ｃ－６的次序降低     

Synthesis of Ester Based Cationic Pyridinium Gemini Surfactants and Appraisal of Their Surface Active Properties

New pyridinium gemini surfactants have been synthesized by esterification of halogenated carboxylic acids with long chain fatty alcohols furnishing respective esters (dodecyl-2-chloroacetate, tetradecyl-2-chloroacetate, hexadecyl-2-chloroacetate, dodecyl-2-bromoacetate, tetradecyl-2-bromoacetate and hexadecyl-2-bromoacetate) followed by their subsequent treatment with 4,4′-trimethylene dipyridine resulting in the formation of title Gemini surfactants: 4,4′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis1-{2-(dodecyloxy)-2-oxoethyl}; 4,4′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis{1-(2-(tetradecyloxy)-2-oxoethyl}; 4,4′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis{1-(2-(hexadecyloxy)-2-oxoethyl} dipyridinium chlorides; 4,4′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis{1-(2-(dodecyloxy)-2-oxoethyl}; 4,4′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis{1-(2-(tetradecyloxy)-2-oxoethyl} and 4,4′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis{1-(2-(hexadecyloxy)-2-oxoethyl} dipyridinium bromides. Their identifications are based on IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, DEPT, COSY and Mass spectral studies. Their surface active properties were also evaluated on the basis of surface tension and conductivity measurements.     

Study of the synthesis of chitosan derivatives containing benzo‐21‐crown‐7 and their adsorption properties for metal ions

Three new chitosan crown ethers, N‐Schiff base‐type chitosan crown ethers (I, III), and N‐secondary amino type chitosan crown ether (II) were prepared. N‐Schiff base‐type chitosan crown ethers (I, III) were synthesized by the reaction of 4′‐formylbenzo‐21‐crown‐7 with chitosan or crosslinked chitosan. N‐Secondary amino type chitosan‐crown ether (II) was prepared through the reaction of N‐Schiff base type chitosan crown ether (I) with sodium brohydride. Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra analysis, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and solid‐state ¹³C NMR analysis. In the infrared spectra, characteristic peaks of C?N stretch vibration appeared at 1636 cm^?1 for I and 1652 cm^?1 for II; characteristic peaks of N? H stretch vibration appeared at 1570 cm^?1 in II. The X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the peaks at 2θ = 10° and 28° disappeared in chitosan derivatives I and III, respectively; the peak at 2θ = 10° disappeared and the peak at 2θ = 28° decreased in chitosan‐crown ether II; and the peak at 2θ = 20° decreased in all chitosan derivatives. In the solid‐state ¹³C NMR, characteristic aromatic carbon appeared at 129 ppm in all chitosan derivatives, and the characteristic peaks of carbon in C?N groups appeared at 151 ppm in chitosan crown ethers I and III. The adsorption and selectivity properties of I, II, and III for Pd²⁺, Au³⁺, Pt⁴⁺, Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, and Hg²⁺ were studied. Experimental results showed these adsorbents not only had good adsorption capacities for noble metal ions Pd²⁺, Au³⁺, Pt⁴⁺, and Ag⁺, but also high selectivity for the adsorption of Pd²⁺ with the coexistence of Cu²⁺ and Hg²⁺. Chitosan‐crown ether II only adsorbs Hg²⁺ and does not adsorbs Cu²⁺ in an aqueous system containing Pd²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Hg²⁺. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1886–1891, 2002     

蓬勃发展的冠醚化学

简要介绍了冠醚的结构、性能,冠醚化学的产生、发展及应用。重点介绍了：①新型冠醚及其金属配合物的合成;②新型冠醚的选择性络合及其自组装;③新型冠醚的络合作用及催化作用。并展望了其广阔的应用前景。     

Simultaneous construction of polymer backbone and side chains by terpolymerization. Synthesis of polyethers with the allyl side chains from dialdehydes, alkylene bis(trimethylsilyl) ethers, and allyltrimethylsilane

Polyethers with allyl side chains were synthesized by the simultaneous acid-catalyzed reaction of dialdehydes (1), alkylene bis(trimethylsilyl) ethers (2), and allyltrimethylsilane (3). The reactions of 1, 2 and 3 were carried out in the presence of 10 mol% of triphenylmethyl (trityl) perchlorate at −55°C to yield polyethers having allyl groups in the side chains. When the dialdehyde having the ester moieties as 1, ethylene bis(trimethylsilyl) ether and 1,4-bis(trimethylsiloxy)cyclohexane as 2 were used, high molecular weight polymers were obtained. In the polymerizations at ambient temperature, the polymer was precipitated during the reaction because of crosslinking between the aromatic rings via a trityl perchlorate assisted Friedel-Crafts reaction. The soluble polyether with the allyl side chains reacted with 1,2-ethanedithiol in the presence of a radical initiator in benzene at 60°C to yield a crosslinked polymer quantitatively within 1 h. This polymer synthesis is unusual in that it concurrently constructs both the polymer backbone and the functional side chains from three monomers.     

Ether lipids based on the glyceryl ether skeleton: Present state,future potential

Lipids from natural sources consist mainly of saponifiable substances, such as glycerides, along with some unsaponifiable lipids, some of which are ether lipids. Typical ether lipids are monoalkyl ethers of glycerin, also called alkyl/alkenyl glyceryl ethers. Alkyl/alkenyl glyceryl ethers have also been reported in marine organisms and in human feces. Several chemical syntheses of such ether lipids have been reported. Typical examples are alkyl glyceryl ether formation by the addition reaction of alkyl glycidyl ether and the telomerization reaction of butadiene with glycerin and a transition metal catalyst. Characteristic chemical structures, such as terpene alkyl glyceryl ethers, archaebacterial macrocyclic ether lipids, and glyceryl ethers of condensed cyclic planar molecules, have been obtained as well. Over the past few decades, industry has shown much interest in the chemistry and application of highly branched fatty acids. For example, isostearyl glyceryl ether (GE-IS) with methyl branching in the middle chain was already known, but it is now prepared at an industrial scale by proprietary alkyl glycidyl ether methods. The characteristic behavior of GE-IS toward water, such as formation of water-in-oil emulsions containing large amounts of water and of liquid crystals, has made it applicable for use in hair and skin-care cosmetics. Based on these studies and considerations, glyceryl ether lipids, which are rarely investigated, may become one of the most important and useful lipids in the industry.     

Applications of protecting groups in the synthesis of surfactants, lipids, and related compounds

Several types of alkyl ether lipids were prepared in high yield and high purity using protecting groups such as 1,3-dioxolane compounds or allyl ethers. We also succeeded in the industrial production of alkyl glyceryl ethers using the reaction of alkyl glycidyl ethers with acetone to give 1,3-dioxolane compounds, from which the desired alkyl glyceryl ethers were obtained in high quantities. 1,3-Dioxolane (ketal) compounds based on acetone were used in the enzymatic preparation of monoglyceride on an industrial scale. On the basis of these protecting groups, we extended our studies concerning both the preparations and properties of novel polyol ether compounds, beginning with alkyl glycidyl ethers. Another typical property of surfactants containing 1,3-dioxolane units and acetal is degradability under acidic conditions. Several types of destructible/cleavable surfactants based on polyols, such as carbohydrates and polyethyleneglycol, were prepared. As for natural products containing polyol skeletons, much attention has been paid to their molecular design, in which protecting groups such as 1,3-dioxolane compounds or allyl ether have contributed to synthetic strategies.     

Synthesis,complexation and biological effects studies of new thiacrown ethers derived quinoline: part I

A series of new thiacrown ethers derived quinoline 7–9 were synthesized in good yield and in a simple way. Their transition metal ions complexation was studied using a conductometric method in acetonitrile at 25°C. Crowns 7 and 8 showed a continuous decrease in the molar conductances in their complexation with Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺ and Zn²⁺ which begins to level off at a molar ratio of 1:1 crown to metal, indicating the formation of 1 stable 1:1 complex. On the other hand, crown 9 showed the formation of 1:1 complexes only with Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺. The in vitro, a preliminary antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects on breast tumor cells were also reported. Five bacterial test strains were included in the present study. Antioxidant activity was measured in terms of the radical scavenging ability and decolorization of 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Cytotoxic effect of thiacrown was evaluated using MDA MB-231 cell line (human breast adenocarcinoma, ATCC HTB-26).     

The alkyl glycidyl ether as synthetic building blocks

Alkyl glycidyl ether is one of the most useful key materials for industrial applications because the addition reaction of various kinds of nucleophilic reagents to the reactive epoxy bond of the glycidyl ethers has led to glyceryl ether derivatives. Glyceryl ether exhibits many interesting physical and pharmacological properties. The alkyl glycidyl ether can presently be produced at an industrial scale under the phase-transfer catalytic Williamson ether synthesis. We have reviwwed some addition reactions of the alkyl glycidyl ether and possibilities for use as the building blocks for the syntheses of surfactants, pharmaceuticals, etc. that contain glyceryl ether skeletons. Typical examples of alkyl glyceryl ether derivatives include: amino ether as cosmetic material, and isodiglycerin mono- and dialkyl ethers and triglycerin monoalkyl ether as a cosmetic or a pharmacologically useful material, respectively. Another interesting reaction is the rearrangement of the epoxy bond of the alkyl glycidyl ether, which gives alkoxy ketone in a one-pot synthesis.