城市空间环境发展趋势

本通过对城市空间环境的研究，对我国城市空间的发展趋势提出自己的想法。     

城市空间环境的形成机制

从城市空间环境的概念、形态入手，探讨城市空间环境的形成机制，试图从中探究影响城市空间变化的因素，为今后更好地进行城市空间环境设计提供相应的理论基础。     

浅析利用城市地下空间改善城市环境

本文介绍了城市地下空间的特性及利用形态，阐述城市目前存在的主要环境问题，分析了地下空间利用对城市环境的影响，提出了利用城市地下空间改善城市环境的措施。     

城市空间环境的构成要素

介绍了环境设计、城市空间环境的意义及构成，探讨了人、建筑、水、绿化构成城市空间设计的基本要素，阐述了这些基本要素在城市空间设计中的作用，对创造良好的城市空间环境具有重要意义。     

城市空间扩展与城市环境约束机制的建立

随着我国城市化迅猛发展，城市空间在巨大经济力量的推动下呈现出前所未有的发展态势。城市空间的快速置换与蔓延一方面为城市居民创造了丰富的物质环境，另一方面也给城市自然环境与文化环境造成破坏导致衰退。如何在城市空间扩展的同时既保护现有的自然文化环境，又能满足城市物质与精神环境的双重需求？环境约束方法就是综合运用规划、管理与法制等手段来协调空间扩展中的环境与发展、效率与公平、私有利益与公共利益的纽带。     

城市住宅的外部空间环境

在城市化进程日益加快的今天,城市住宅的建设对城市的更新,重构起重要的作用,城市住宅形成的外部空间环境是人居环境的重要组成部分。本文探讨了城市住宅的类型及其外部空间环境的构成。并总结出创造宜人的城市住宅外部空间环境的设计方法。     

城市公共空间环境营造

本文主要说明城市公共空间环境营造的若干方面,并阐述城市公共空间在城市整体性设计中的重要性。     

基于城市文化视角的城市空间环境设计研究

从城市文化特征着手,阐述了城市文化与城市空间环境设计的关系。从人文关怀与接近自然两个方面对基于城市文化视角的城市空间环境设计的具体方式进行了分析,使得城市空间环境设计能够体现出社会与自然之间的协调发展。     

建筑环境艺术与城市空间

当代环境艺术综合利用各种艺术形式．为人们提供生存的空间环境,并在精神上长久地影响着生活在这个环境中的每一个人。本文从塑造城市空间形态．整合城市空间环境．强化城市空间感受三方面．分析环境艺术和城市空间的相互关系．旨在说明环境艺术是提升城市环境品质的关键因素。     

城市空间和环境意识

城市空间和环境意识朱望伟社会的发展使人们有条件通过电话、电视、电脑等与社会发生关系，人们在公共空间中的交往现在可以通过这一切而实现。所以，人们往往忽视了公共生活空间的重要性，破坏了过去上海里弄式生活空间体系。鉴于此，在住宅、办公区中，需充分考虑城市的...     

建筑环境心理学在环境设计中的应用

通过对一幢普通住宅楼前环境现状的调查分析,指出在改造设计中应用环境心理分析法,以适应居民的居住环境行为要求,并在今后的设计中有意识地应用环境心理学的相关知识,从而更好地体现"以人为本"的设计思想。     

Selenium in the environment

Selenium is one of the most widely distributed elements of the earth's crust. Much of the selenium in the earth's crust occurs associated with sulfide minerals. The presence or absence of selenium in any soil is dependent upon the composition of the parent material, and is also dependent upon leaching or processes subsequent to soil formation, that may have added selenium. Selenium can be easily oxidized from Se⁰ to Se⁺⁴ or Se⁺⁶. Selenium is usually recovered as a by-product of the refining of the sulfide ores of other metals such as copper. The greatest amounts of selenium are used for the manufacture of the photoelectric cell.Selenium is taken up by plants as selenate, selenite or organic selenium. Se⁷⁵ selenite in 30 minutes was translocated primarily to selenomethionine. In sheep or pigs the duodenum is the main site of Se⁷⁵ absorption. Selenium is excreted in the feces, the urine, and the expired air, the amounts and proportions depending upon the level and form of the intake, the nature of the rest of the diet, and the species. A dietary intake of 0.1 μg/g Se provides a satisfactory margin of safety for grazing sheep and cattle. In humans, the recommended daily allowance for selenium is between 100 to 200 μg/day. The toxicity of selenium to animals varies with the amounts of chemical forms of selenium ingested, with the duration and continuity of intake, and with the type and nature of the diet, especially its protein and sulfate content.Deficiency of selenium results in selenium responsive diseases in various animal species, such as muscular dystrophy, exudative diathesis and hepatosis dietetica. Selenium also prevents several type of chemically induced cancer in animals, and, where more selenium occurs in the environment, human cancer death rates are lower. Selenium deficient rats and lambs develop abnormal electrocardiograms accompanied by blood pressure changes. Human heart disease mortality is also lower in the high selenium areas. In China, a large clinical trial is underway showing that selenium prevents a congestive heart failure in children from severely selenium deficient areas.     

Indoor environment quality in buildings and its impact on outdoor environment

The main purpose of buildings is to provide a comfortable living environment for their occupants. This includes, among others, thermal, visual and acoustic comfort as well as indoor air quality. Except during the 1950’s and 1960’s, it has always been considered important that an excess use of energy should be avoided in the construction and the management of a building, sometimes even at the cost of user comfort. Energy saving is, however, not the main purpose of the building. Indeed, if it were really so, the largest energy savings would be obtained by not erecting the building in the first place.Since the Rio conference, there have been more and more incentives to save energy and lower the impact of buildings on the environment. Therefore, there is no excuse for the building sector not to adopt a sustainable development policy.Some energy is required to control the indoor climate and indoor air quality. Therefore, it is often suspected that energy savings result in poorer indoor environment quality, or, on the contrary, that a high comfort level is the result of high technology and high energy consumption. This is not true. It is now generally admitted among building scientists that high quality energy services do not necessarily incur a high energy use, and that good environment quality can be obtained with a reasonable amount of energy and power, and with a low environmental impact.The presentation brings some evidence from past and current research to support this assertion.     

谈寒冷气候环境中无障碍环境建设策略

随着社会生产力以及经济的高速发展,无障碍环境的建设标准也日趋提高,在我国第1建筑气候区的寒冷气候环境中的无障碍环境建设有着其自身的特点以及建设方法,本文意在讨论如何对寒冷气候环境中的无障碍环境进行营造,以得出系统实用的建设策略。     

线声源环境下小区环境噪声的分析和模拟

作者在小区环境噪声分析和模拟系统的理论模型的基础上，对线声源噪声环境下的具体细节进行了论述,并且实现了软件模拟。通过实践证明了这套模型是合理的,模型的软件实现是可行的。     

炎热条件下混凝土的施工

分析了炎热条件下混凝土施工的影响因素，介绍了其施工方法及施工过程中材料选择、混凝土拌制、运输、浇筑、养护时应采取的措施，以达到把高温的影响控制在最小限度的目的。     

环境艺术在中国

近年来,随着国家经济建设的快速发展,人民生活水平不断提高,人们开始对生存环境的艺术品位提出更高的要求,期望生存环境更加完美。在这种需求形势下,环境艺术设计专业悄然兴起,并逐渐开始形成一门独立学科,它以其广泛的内涵和自身的规律,顺应着社会的需求而不断发展,同时引起人们的重视。 尽管人们对环境艺术的需求在日益加大,但我国目前的环境艺术仍处于起步阶段。近20年来,随着改革开放的深     

The thermal environment in offices

The reactions of 26 subjects to the thermal environment in a commercial building throughout the working day have been monitored for one year. This paper describes the instrumentation and the results obtained from the survey. The results show that each category of the Bedford comfort scale does not cover equal temperature intervals; the central, comfortable, category being more than twice as wide as the others. The preferred temperature of the occupants of the building was 22.0 °C which is in fairly good agreement with that predicted by Fanger's comport equation (22.6 °C). Away from the region of the optimum thermal environment the difference between the comfort equation and the survey results was much greater. If, as a design criterion the ,aximum number of complaints that would be acceptable from the occupants of a multi-occupancy office is 10%, the survey shows that the temperature throughout the office should be within the range 20–23 °C. The paper compares the reaction of the subjects during the summer and winter and morning and afternoon and that between males and females. Also investigated was the difference in clothing habits between males and females throughout the year.     

Foam in the aquatic environment

Foams are ubiquitous in the environment, commonly seen as discoloured patches on streams, rivers, lakes and sea water. They often are assumed to be anthropogenic in origin as they are aesthetically unpleasant, yet they frequently appear in pristine environments indicating a natural origin. In contrast to “hidden” chemical pollution, e.g. heavy metals, pesticides etc. the visibility of foam alarms the public.To derive more information on foam in freshwaters and marine ecosystems, a literature review was performed. Alongside with some basic considerations on the formation of foam, on methods to measure foam formation and on the legal aspects of foam on surface waters, the ecological importance of foam in the aquatic environment is discussed in this paper.