饱和多孔介质中动力渗流耦合分析的Biot-Cosserat连续体模型与应变局部化有限元模拟

提出了适用于饱和多孔介质中应变局部化分析及动力渗流耦合分析的Biot-Cosserat连续体模型。基于饱和多孔介质动力渗流耦合分析的Biot理论,将固体骨架看作Cosserat连续体,并考虑旋转惯性,建立了饱和多孔介质动力渗流耦合分析的Biot-Cosserat连续体模型。基于Galerkin加权余量法,对所发展的模型推导了以固体骨架广义位移(包含旋转)及孔隙水压力为基本未知量的有限元公式。利用所发展的数值模型,对包含压力相关弹塑性固体骨架材料的饱和多孔介质进行了动力渗流耦合分析与应变局部化有限元模拟,结果表明,所发展的两相饱和多孔介质动力渗流耦合分析的Biot-Cosserat连续体模型能保持饱和两相介质应变局部化问题的适定性及模拟饱和多孔介质中由应变软化引起的应变局部化现象的有效性。     

饱和多孔介质一维瞬态波动问题的解析分析

采用基于混合物理论的多孔介质模型,提出了饱和多孔介质一维动力响应的初边值问题。利用拉氏变换和卷积定理,分别得到了边界自由排水时在任意应力边界条件和任意位移边界条件下瞬态波动过程的解析表达。几种典型的数值算例同时给出了两类边界条件下瞬态波动过程中多孔固体的位移场、应力场和孔隙流体的速度场、压力场。结果表明,饱和多孔介质的波动过程是多孔固体和孔隙流体中以同一速度传播的两种波动的耦合过程,时效特性分析也揭示了饱和多孔介质固有的表观粘弹性性质。     

微极饱和土波动分析中的变分原理

主要给出饱和多孔微极介质波动方程变分所对应的泛函表达式和有限元离散化方程。首先对u-U形式的饱和多孔微极介质波动方程和边界条件进行Laplace 变换,形成力学中的非齐次边值问题,然后构造变分后满足波动方程和边界条件的泛函,最后将有限元插值形式代入泛函表达式得到单元体的有限元离散方程。此方程对微极饱和多孔介质的动力固结问题数值分析具有重要意义。     

饱和黏弹性土中圆柱形隧洞的振动特性

基于流体不可压缩饱和多孔介质理论,将衬砌视为具有分数导数本构关系的多孔黏弹性体,在频率域内研究了在内水压力作用下饱和黏弹性土和衬砌系统的振动特性。通过引入与孔隙流体体积分数有关的应力系数,合理地确定了隧洞边界衬砌和孔隙水共同承担的内水压力值。利用衬砌内边界上的边界条件以及衬砌和土体界面处应力和位移的连续性条件,给出了隧洞边界部分透水条件下饱和黏弹性土和分数导数型黏弹性衬砌系统简谐耦合振动时系统动力响应的解析解。结果表明:饱和黏弹土和衬砌结构的动力响应与衬砌材料的黏性有关;应力系数合理地确定了衬砌和孔隙水共同承担的内水压力值。     

含液饱和多孔二维梁的动力特性分析

基于线弹性理论和Biot多孔介质模型,分析了含液饱和多孔二维简支梁的动力响应,其中考虑了固体颗粒和流体的可压缩性以及孔隙流体的粘滞性。通过Fourier级数展开和常微分方程组的求解,得到了含液饱和多孔二维梁动力响应问题的解,并将其退化为单相固体二维梁的情形与Bernoulli-Euler梁和Timoshenko梁的自由振动相比较,验证了该文方法的正确性。作为数值算例,分析了含液饱和多孔二维梁的自由振动以及在均布简谐荷载作用下的动力响应特性,分析了表面渗透条件、孔隙流体渗透系数和荷载频率等参数对含液饱和多孔二维梁的自由振动频率、固相位移和孔隙流体压力等物理量的影响。     

层状TI饱和半空间均布斜线荷载及孔隙水压动力格林函数

基于Biot流体饱和多孔介质模型,采用动力刚度矩阵方法结合傅里叶变换,给出了层状横观各向同性(TI)饱和半空间中均布斜线荷载及孔隙水压的动力格林函数。方法首先将荷载作用层固定,在波数域内求得层内响应和固端反力,进而由刚度矩阵方法求得反加固端反力于整个层状半空间而产生的响应,最后叠加层内解和固端反力解经由傅里叶逆变换求得空间域内解。所给出的层状TI饱和半空间格林函数为建立相应边界元方法进而求解层状TI饱和介质相关波动问题提供了一组完备基本解。通过与已发表的各向同性饱和结果和TI弹性结果进行对比,验证了方法的正确性。进而给出了数值计算结果并进行了参数分析。结果表明:TI饱和介质与各向同性饱和介质对应的动力响应差异显著,且介质的各向异性参数对动力响应有着重要影响。此外,荷载埋深越小,地表位移和孔压波动更剧烈;介质渗透系数起到类似阻尼的作用,减小渗透系数可降低动力响应;随着频率的增大,位移、应力和孔压的波动也更为剧烈。     

上覆非饱和层的饱和地基稳态响应分析

基于多孔弹性饱和介质及多孔弹性非饱和介质的动力控制方程,研究了上覆非饱和层的饱和半空间成层地基在竖向谐振荷载作用下的稳态响应问题。通过引入位移函数,并利用Cauchy-Reimann条件,分别求得了Fourier变换域内饱和土与非饱和土的位移、应力和孔压的一般解;结合不同的边界条件和连续条件,经过Fourier逆变换,得到竖向简谐荷载作用下成层土的稳态响应积分表达式;当将上覆非饱和层饱和半空间分别退化为均质饱和弹性半空间及上覆弹性层饱和半空间时,结果与已有结果均吻合得较好。通过数值算例分析,着重研究了上覆非饱和土层的饱和度、厚度以及地表透气透水条件对动力响应的影响。     

集中载荷作用下饱和多孔Timoshenko简支梁的动力响应

基于饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko梁的动力数学模型,研究了梁中点承受突加载荷作用两端可渗透饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko简支梁的动力响应,得到了问题的解析解,给出了梁中点无量纲挠度、固相骨架弯矩和孔隙流体压力等效力偶等随无量纲时间的响应。考察了剪切和横截面转动惯性效应等对动力响应的影响,比较了饱和多孔Timoshenko、Shear、Rayleigh和Euler-Bernoulli梁的动力响应,结果表明:剪切效应使饱和多孔Timoshenko梁动力响应的幅值和周期增大,而横截面转动惯性仅增加梁动力响应的周期;固相骨架与孔隙流体的相互作用具有粘性效应,随着相互作用系数的增加,饱和多孔梁挠度和弯矩幅值减小,流体压力等效力偶幅值增大,且振幅衰减加快。同时,随着长细比的增加,饱和多孔Timoshenko梁的挠度幅值和周期逐渐减小,并最终趋于饱和多孔Euler-Bernoulli梁的挠度幅值和周期。     

流体饱和半空间中埋置球面P1、P2和SV波源动力格林函数

基于Biot流体饱和孔隙介质理论,采用Hankel积分变换方法,在频域内求解了流体饱和半空间中埋置球面P1、P2和SV波源的动力格林函数。首先由Hankel积分变换将空间域内球面波展开为波数域内柱面波的叠加;然后在半空间表面对称位置虚拟放置一同样大小的球面波源,这样对于球面膨胀波源(P1和P2波源),地表剪应力为零,但存在非零正应力和孔隙水压,对于球面剪切波源(SV波源),地表正应力和孔隙水压为零,但存在非零剪应力;最后叠加球面波源、虚拟波源和残余半空间表面应力产生的动力响应,即可求得流体饱和半空间中埋置球面波源波数域内的动力响应,空间域内埋置球面波源的动力格林影响函数则由Hankel逆变换求得。该文给出的球面波源动力格林函数,为建立以球面P1、P2和SV波动力格林函数为基本解的间接边界元方法,求解饱和多孔介质中三维轴对称弹性波散射问题奠定了基础。     

非饱和多孔介质动力应变局部变化数值模拟

在已有研究工作基础上对非饱和多孔介质应变局部化问题进行研究,给出非饱和多孔介质的分析控制方程,其中饱和度与毛细压力关系由实验给出。采取适用于非饱和砂土的改进的广义塑性本构模型对应局部变化过程进行数值模拟,给出了试件应变局部化发展过程以及孔隙压力的变化规律。对初始饱和土中所产生非饱和剪切带进行计算的结果表明,采用非饱和模型较饱和模型将获得更为合理的结果。     

薄板弯曲分析的多边形流形单元

一般的数值流形方法均采用三角形、四边形单元进行计算。对于工程中的有些实际问题, 多边形单元能更好的适应复杂计算域形状。为此, 研究了采用多边形流形单元进行数值计算的方法。采用任意几何区域的Delaunay三角网格构造出新的凸多边形网格, 并以此单元作为计算的流形单元。采用改进的Wachspress插值函数作为多边形流形单元的权函数。为说明该方法的有效性, 将该流形方法应用于薄板弯曲计算, 推导出用于薄板弯曲分析的流形格式和单元矩阵。计算结果表明:较一般有限元法, 计算精度和收敛速度有很大提高。     

岩石冲击破坏的流形元与有限元模拟对比分析

流形元是新出现的一种被较为广泛地应用于材料破坏模拟的数值分析方法。为了验证该方法在材料破坏模拟中的有效性,分别利用流形元与有限元两种不同的数值方法对岩石冲击破坏过程进行了模拟分析。模拟结果表明,流形元法对材料破坏的模拟结果更符合实际情况,这主要是由于该方法采用了两种不同的覆盖系统——数学覆盖和物理覆盖,并引入能够客观反映材料裂纹的产生与扩展准则,以及相应的块体运动理论。流形元的出现有望对材料破坏模拟开创出一条新的途径。     

Modelling the transient interaction of a thin elastic shell with an exterior acoustic field

Coupled finite and boundary element methods for solving transient fluid–structure interaction problems are developed. The finite element method is used to model the radiating structure, and the boundary element method (BEM) is used to determine the resulting acoustic field. The well‐known stability problems of time domain BEMs are avoided by using a Burton–Miller‐type integral equation. The stability, accuracy and efficiency of two alternative solution methods are compared using an exact solution for the case of a thin spherical elastic shell. The convergence properties of the preferred solution method are then investigated more thoroughly. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

带障板水听器基阵阵列流形的边界元计算及验证

建立一种复杂结构水听器基阵阵列流形计算模型。该模型运用声场计算的边界元方法,通过计算任意散射体表面声场分布,求出基阵阵元位置处声场响应,进而得到基阵阵列流形;基于该阵列流形,运用波束设计方法求出阵元权值,分别利用实测和理论阵列流形得到基阵实测波束以及理论波束。针对安装在半球形硬质铝壳体上的圆弧阵进行的水池实验,实验结果表明实测阵列流形和基于边界元方法的计算结果基本吻合,实测波束和理论波束相差不大,并且性能均优于按无指向性点接收器经相位补偿后相加所得到的波束。     

Local Instability and Free Vibration of Supported Plates Using the Basic Plate Triangle

This paper extends the numerical method, originally developed by Onate and his colleagues for the static analysis of plates, to enable modal (vibration) and bifurcative (buckling) analyses of plates to be undertaken. The procedure uses a rotation-free triangular element, and is based on combining the finite element method and the finite volume method so as to produce a triangular element with only three displacement degrees of freedom. Elastic stiffness, stability (geometric stiffness) and mass matrices are developed using the mixed formulation, and these are implemented in routine computer coding in order to demonstrate the validity and efficacy of the solution technique when compared with results reported by independent investigators. Natural frequencies and local buckling coefficients are given for plates with interior line supports, and these are used to illustrate the prowess of the numerical technique for the analysis of a wide class of plate buckling and vibration problems, whose analysis by non-discretisation techniques has found favour recently in deference to general finite element modelling which tends to introduce some inaccuracies. The element developed in this paper, however, is both accurate and has the attractive meshing characteristics of the finite element method for analysing more arbitrary geometric structural topologies.     

Numerical manifold space of Hermitian form and application to Kirchhoff's thin plate problems

For second‐order problems, where the behavior is described by second‐order partial differential equations, the numerical manifold method (NMM) has gained great success. Because of difficulties in the construction of the H ²‐regular Lagrangian partition of unity subordinate to the finite element cover; however, few applications of the NMM have been found to fourth‐order problems such as Kirchhoff's thin plate problems. Parallel to the finite element methods, this study constructs the numerical manifold space of the Hermitian form to solve fourth‐order problems. From the minimum potential principle, meanwhile, the mixed primal formulation and the penalized formulation fitted to the NMM for Kirchhoff's thin plate problems are derived. The typical examples indicate that by the proposed procedures, even those earliest developed elements in the finite element history, such as Zienkiewicz's plate element, regain their vigor. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quality improvement of non‐manifold hexahedral meshes for critical feature determination of microstructure materials

This paper describes a novel approach to improve the quality of non‐manifold hexahedral meshes with feature preservation for microstructure materials. In earlier works, we developed an octree‐based isocontouring method to construct unstructured hexahedral meshes for domains with multiple materials by introducing the notion of material change edge to identify the interface between two or more materials. However, quality improvement of non‐manifold hexahedral meshes is still a challenge. In the present algorithm, all the vertices are categorized into seven groups, and then a comprehensive method based on pillowing, geometric flow and optimization techniques is developed for mesh quality improvement. The shrink set in the modified pillowing technique is defined automatically as the boundary of each material region with the exception of local non‐manifolds. In the relaxation‐based smoothing process, non‐manifold points are identified and fixed. Planar boundary curves and interior spatial curves are distinguished, and then regularized using B‐spline interpolation and resampling. Grain boundary surface patches and interior vertices are improved as well. Finally, the optimization method eliminates negative Jacobians of all the vertices. We have applied our algorithms to two beta titanium data sets, and the constructed meshes are validated via a statistics study. Finite element analysis of the 92‐grain titanium is carried out based on the improved mesh, and compared with the direct voxel‐to‐element technique. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

半刚性钢框架实用非线性分析

介绍了在钢框架分析中考虑连接柔性的方法以及常用的连接M–θr模型,建立了能够同时考虑几何、材料和连接非线性的精细塑性铰法三维梁柱单元。单元采用稳定函数考虑二阶效应和剪切变形,采用切线模量和抛物线函数考虑沿单元长度和截面的逐渐屈服,采用Kishi-Chen幂函数模型和修正梁单元方法模拟半刚性连接的非线性行为。利用ANSYS软件的用户可编程特性(UPFs)编写了单元程序,并将用户单元添加至ANSYS软件单元库中。半刚性框架算例分析表明:用户单元分析的荷载-位移曲线与试验结果吻合较好,与采用COMBIN 39单元模拟连接所分析的结果非常接近。     

基于共旋法与稳定函数的几何非线性平面梁单元

建立一个准确、高效的几何非线性梁单元对于描述杆系结构的非线性行为至关重要。该文基于共旋坐标法和稳定函数提出了一种几何非线性平面梁单元。该单元在形成中把变形和刚体位移分开,局部坐标系内采用稳定函数以考虑单元P-δ效应的影响,从局部坐标系到结构坐标系的转换则采用共旋坐标法以及微分以考虑几何非线性,给出了几何非线性平面梁单元在结构坐标系下的全量平衡方程和切线刚度矩阵;在此基础上根据带铰梁端弯矩为零的受力特征,导出了能考虑梁端带铰的单元切线刚度矩阵表达式。通过多个典型算例验证了算法与程序的正确性、计算精度和效率。     

DEM: A new computational approach to sheet metal forming problems

Many current approaches to finite element modelling of large deformation elastic—plastic forming problems use a rate form of the virtual work (equilibrium) equations, and a finite element representation of the displacement components. Called the incremental method, this approach produces a three-field formulation in which displacements, stresses and effective strain are dependent variables. Next, the formulation is converted to a one-field displacement formulation by an algebraic time discretization which uses a low order explicit time-stepping procedure to integrate the equations. This approach does not produce approximations which satisfy the discrete equilibrium equations at all times and, moreover, the advantage of the single-field algebraic formulation is realized at the expense of very small time steps needed to produce stability and accuracy in the numerical calculations. This paper describes a variant of the mixed method in which all three field variables (displacements, stresses and effective strain) are given finite element representations. The discrete equilibrium equations then generate a nonlinear system of algebraic equations whose solutions represent a manifold, while the constitutive equations form a system of ordinary differential equations. A commercially available, variable time step/variable order code is then used to integrate this differential/algebraic system. When applied to the problem of hydrostatic bulging of a membrane, the new approach requires far less computer time than the incremental method.