有机磷农药乙酰甲胺磷的太赫兹光谱研究

为了获得有机磷农药乙酰甲胺磷在远红外波段的光学特性, 采用太赫兹时域光谱技术(THz TDS), 测量了室温下乙酰甲胺磷在0.2~2.2 THz的高分辨率吸收谱和折射率谱. 结果表明,在室温和氮气环境下,特征吸收峰位于1.58和2.10 THz处, 平均折射率为1.45. 同时运用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算了乙酰甲胺磷分子结构及其在太赫兹波段的振动频率, 并根据计算结果对实验数据进行了解析, 计算结果与实验数据吻合较好. 研究结果表明, 实验光谱的特征吸收峰是由分子的集体振动及扭转形成, 不同的吸收峰位对应分子不同的振转模式.     

结构化P2P网络上语义发布/订阅事件路由算法

为解决结构化P2P网络上语义发布/订阅系统上基于内容的高性能语义事件路由问题,提出一种基于集结点的语义事件路由算法（rendezvous-based semantic event routing, RSER）,该算法根据订阅和事件的域标识、属性个数以及属性名映射订阅和事件到集结点,在支持语义路由的同时,避免了分布式哈希表 (distributed hash table, DHT)映射精确性与语义数据模型复杂性之间的矛盾;通过属性个数限制事件发布目的地,减少事件发布流量;采用P2P的内在路由机制和聚合优化措施分发事件,充分利用P2P网络容错性的同时,降低事件路由流量.实验结果表明,在大规模的发布/订阅下,RSER算法在性能上优于基于逆向路径转发的路由算法,并在路由效率、网络资源消耗、订阅维护效率和扩展性等方面取得了良好的平衡效果     

海底热液长期原位探测器流控系统的设计与实现

为了实现深海热液长期原位探测,设计了3套能实现深海热液传感器在线自校正与自维护功能的流控系统.在实验的基础上,针对系统结构、功耗以及流量特性3个主要方面,对3种流控系统进行了比较,最终选择采用二位二通阀配合泵工作的系统作为探测器的流控系统.针对流控系统不能在高压下工作的缺陷,借助于甲基硅油介质,采用压力补偿的方式设计了流控系统的压力补偿装置,并实验验证了在40 MPa的压力下,所设计的流控系统仍能正常工作,证实了该流控系统合理且实用,从而为深海热液长期原位探测的实现提供了技术支撑.     

连续相位调制的定时-频偏联合估计方法

针对连续相位调制信号的同步问题,研究了一种定时-频偏联合估计算法.算法分3步实现：(1）对接收基带信号差分并平方,得到四阶非线性变换值;（2）求其二阶统计量;（3）基于该统计量联合估计定时偏差和载波频偏.通过改变载波频偏值及参与二阶统计量计算的符号数,对定时同步及频偏估计性能进行研究.在加性高斯白噪声信道及Rice慢衰落信道下分别进行仿真.加性高斯白噪声信道仿真表明,算法在载波频偏达到15%符号率条件下仍有出色同步性能,当参与估计的符号数等于64时,定时偏差和频偏均方误差分别达到10－6及10－5以下;低信噪比不影响算法定时恢复性能.Rice慢衰落信道仿真表明,算法具有一定的抗衰落能力,适当改变Rice信道模型参数能提升其性能.算法采用非数据辅助方式及前馈结构,同步捕获快速,实现简单,适合于突发通信.     

基于正交补空间的人脸识别

为了实现人脸识别免于特征提取,提出了一种基于正交补脸(OC-faces)的人脸识别方法.该方法基于空间正交分解理论,对不同类的原始训练样本进行Gram-Schmidt正交化,以正交化后的基张成各个不同的子空间,将测试样本分解为子空间投影及子空间正交补两部分.正交补的范数体现了测试样本到各类子空间的距离,并以此作为分类的依据.在Yale库和AT&T库上的实验结果表明,与主成分分析(PCA)、线性判别分析(LDA)两种经典识别手段相比,该方法有更好的识别效果.     

一种新的基于多信息测度融合的边缘检测方法

针对高强度噪声图像, 提出了一种新的基于信息测度概念和Dempster Shafer(DS)证据理论的边缘检测算法. 利用邻域一致性、方向性和结构性3种信息测度定量描述边缘特征; 引入检测不确定性, 根据各信息测度响应分布设计基本可信度分配函数, 并利用DS合成规则加以融合; 融合后根据组合决策规则将像素分类成边缘与非边缘. 实验通过检测结果以及Pratt品质因数的分析比较, 表明该算法能够有效地区分边缘点和噪声点. 在低噪声情况下, 检测性能与传统检测方法相近; 而对于高强度噪声图像, 该方法具有较强的噪声免疫力.     

流化床内干化污泥燃烧污染物排放特性研究

采用小型电加热流化床焚烧实验台, 对干化污泥燃烧的污染物排放特性进行了研究. 实验通过改变干化污泥中水的质量分数(7.3%, 28.4%和41.5%), 不同的炉膛温度, 石灰石的添加以及污泥和煤混烧等多种工况对污染物的排放特性进行了研究. 研究结果表明, 当污泥含水质量分数由41.5%降为7.3%, CO和N2O的排放质量浓度分别提高了一倍和四倍; 相反, 丙烷、己烷和苯胺等有机污染物的排放质量浓度明显下降, NOx的排放质量浓度降低了70%; 煤对污泥燃烧二恶英的排放有明显抑制作用, 并且二噁英的排放质量浓度和HCl的质量浓度有很明显的关联; 此外, 石灰石能促进NOx生成, 但抑制N2O生成, 而对二恶英的排放质量浓度几乎没有影响     

大规模环境下基于激光雷达的机器人SLAM算法

为解决大规模环境下机器人的同时定位和地图构建(SLAM)问题,提出一种基于Rao Blackwellised粒子滤波器的SLAM算法. 通过选取稳定且易于区别的特征点,发展了一种基于全局约束的数据关联方法,有效地减少了误匹配的概率;采用改进的粒子分布预测函数,提高了粒子滤波器的性能.实验结果表明,该算法具有较低的计算复杂度,精度也比较高,能够有效地解决大规模环境下的机器人SLAM问题.     

保单调插值的奇异混合三角/双曲B样条

为了使得插值曲线保单调,设计了两类新的平面参数曲线及其保单调插值算法.计算奇异混合函数,把三角/双曲多项式B样条曲线与奇异多边形通过奇异混合函数混合,无需解方程组或繁琐的迭代,得到自动插值给定平面点列且C2(或G1)连续的带形状参数的复合曲线,尤其能得到摆线、螺旋线、双曲线、悬链线等各类超越曲线.通过把插值曲线的导矢分量转化为类Bernstein多项式,并且利用Bernstein多项式非负的充要条件,得到插值曲线单调的充要条件,获得形状参数合适的取值范围. 该方法简单方便,所得参数范围保证了插值曲线保单调.     

一种单轮的动态组密钥协商机制

针对动态组密钥协商协议中,轮数大多为2轮,且效率不高的问题,利用ID-based密钥体系下的“免交互两方静态共享秘密”技术,构建了一种单轮信息交互的基于成员认证的组密钥协商协议,并将协议推广到组成员动态变化的情况.它使得密钥协商阶段所需的广播交互消息数目较2轮的协议减少一半,因而通讯效率得以提高.该协议的密钥协商过程是安全的,并且具备“前向”和“后向”安全属性,它能适用于不要求“完美前向安全”的安全组通信应用.     

Failure analysis used for remanufacturing of steel rolling components

The guide-pieces, used in the process line of steel rolling, were the important components. The guidepieces, which were slide contacting with the rolled-piece, had a high temperature and high speed. The wear was very serious. The results from failure analysis showed that there were three failure forms in the guide-pieces: the first was the wear during heat friction, the second was the heat fatigue under the cycle of deep heating and deep cooling, and the third was the impact rupture. Among them, the wear was the main reason. To the wear of guidepieces, there were four mechanisms, namely abrasive wear, adhesive wear, fatigue wear and corrosion wear. The failure analysis to the guide-piece laid the foundation for its remanufacturing. Foundation item: Project(50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Failure analysis used for remanufacturing of steel rolling components

The guide-pieces, used in the process line of steel roiling, were the important components. The guidepieces, which were slide contacting with the rolled-piece, had a high temperature and high speed. The wear was very serious. The results from failure analysis showed that there were three failure forms in the guide-pieces: the first was the wear during heat friction, the second was the heat fatigue under the cycle of deep heating and deep cooling, and the third was the impact rupture. Among them, the wear was the main reason. To the wear of guidepieces, there were four mechanisms, namely abrasive wear, adhesive wear, fatigue wear and corrosion wear. The failure analysis to the guide-piece laid the foundation for its remanufacturing.     

基于多色集合理论的再制造产品拆解模型

为了在再制造过程中得到合理的拆解序列,在分析现有拆解模型的基础上,提出一种基于多色集合理论的产品拆解模型.以无向图的多色集合模型为基础,建立零件的可能位移模型和可能位移方程,规划了产品拆解序列,并构建了递阶结构图.最后,用一实例说明了拆解序列的求解过程,验证了模型的可行性.     

Automatic brush-plating technology for component remanufacturing

An automatic brush-plating system was developed for component remanufacturing. With this system, Ni/nano-alumina composite coatings from an electrolyte containing 20 g/L nano-alumina particles were prepared.Microstructure, surface morphology, microhardness and wear resistance of automatically plated coatings and manu ally plated coatings were investigated comparatively. The results show that the automatically plated coatings are relatively dense and uniform and have lower friction coefficient of 0. 089 under lubricant condition, when compared with manually plated coatings with friction coefficient of 0. 14.     

Comparison of tribological properties for graphite coatings used for remanufacturing

To improve the solid lubricity on the worn surface of frictional-pairs, a convenient and simple brush-painting technique was utilized to prepare the solid lubrication graphite coatings. The bonding between the coatings and substrate is good. To examine the influence of the different graphite contents on the tribological properties of the graphite coatings, the comparison experiments were carried out on the ring-on-block friction tester. The tribological results show a change law of saddle-shape between the tribological properties of graphite coatings and graphite content. When the amount of graphite is up to 28 g, the tribological properties of graphite coating are the best. The excellent anti-friction of the graphite coating is associated with the close-packed hexagonal crystal structure of graphite.     

Comparison of tribological properties for graphite coatings used for remanufacturing

To improve the solid lubricity on the worn surface of frictional-pairs, a convenient and simple brushpainting technique was utilized to prepare the solid lubrication graphite coatings. The bonding between the coatings and substrate is good. To examine the influence of the different graphite contents on the tribological properties of the graphite coatings, the comparison experiments were carried out on the ring-on-block friction tester. The tribological results show a change law of saddle-shape between the tribological properties of graphite coatings and graphite content. When the amount of graphite is up to 28 g, the tribological properties of graphite coating are the best.The excellent anti-friction of the graphite coating is associated with the close-packed hexagonal crystal structure of graphite.     

螺旋叶片加工问题的几何模型

对斜螺旋叶片的加工问题进行了研究,描绘出了制造相关的几何模型     

再制造系统的Drum-Buffer-Rope仿真建模

运用DBR(Drum-Buffer-Rope)排程法和仿真工具ARENA,对废旧家电产品再制造系统进行了工艺流程仿真研究,建立了DBR仿真模型,实现了对工艺过程的动态监测;并详细阐述了如何应用所建立的DBR模型识别和解除再制造系统存在的资源约束,从而提高再制造系统的资源利用率和收益。仿真实验表明:该模型能够识别和消除资源约束及其影响,通过给出库存缓冲量BSc最优值,解除了约束工位排队延迟的现象,降低了供应的不确定性;同时也优化了系统的目标函数——资源利用率和净利润。     

再制造生产系统的库存缓冲与时间缓冲控制机制

从分析DBR用于解决再制造系统不确定性问题所存在的局限性入手,以发动机再制造生产系统为例,在定性分析比较库存缓冲和时间缓冲控制内涵、计算模型和适用条件的基础上,通过仿真实验对比分析了二者的实施效果。仿真实验表明:从DBR的缓冲控制原理和目标角度,二者具有高度的目标一致性,即两种缓冲控制机制均可使瓶颈工序资源利用率RU和系统单位时间产出量SP提高,瓶颈工序前平均在制品库存BW和总流程在制品库存TW减少;在缓冲效果、系统管理目标实现以及生产计划的可控性三个方面,后者性能均优于前者。     

考虑能耗的再制造系统多目标调度方法

为充分发挥再制造产业的潜力,在保证商业利益的同时提升其对于环境保护的贡献,针对带有流水线型重加工线的再制造系统的特点,在混合流水线调度决策研究中加入对节约能源因素的考虑,提出一种改进的多目标人工蜂群算法,并应用机器闲时判断开关机策略进一步减少能源消耗.以最小化最大完工时间与最小化能源消耗量为优化目标,建立双目标数学模型;修改经典单目标人工蜂群算法为双目标算法后引入了精英策略、双重邻域搜索,保证改编算法的收敛速度,加入局部最优逃脱算子,加强改编算法的局部搜索能力.由于产品组装具有成套要求,产品的分解与重加工工序可发生变动,产生大量机器闲时,通过判断开关机策略节能,并利用带有精英策略的改进模拟退火算法求解能源消耗量计算子问题.对算法进行数值计算并与已有代表性算法比较,结果表明该方法是有效、可行的,在目标系统中应用此方法能够在保证完工时间的同时取得可观的节能效果.