新型苦瓜茶保健饮料的研制

苦瓜茶因其营养丰富，且具清热解毒、清心明目的功效为广大群众所喜爱，直接冲制的苦瓜茶汤却因味道苦涩，并有令人生厌的异味而影响了人们饮用的积极性。为此，通过实验确定了苦瓜茶饮料的最佳配方：苦瓜茶原汁4.5％，乙基麦芽酚10mg／L，蛋白糖0．07％，甜蜜素0．05%，柠檬酸1．1g／L，味精6mg／L，维生素C 0．03%，苯甲酸钠0．015％。采用该配方生产的清凉型苦瓜保健碳酸饮料具有香气浓郁、怡人，风味独特，酸甜爽口等特点。     

苦瓜饮料工艺参数优化研究

以苦瓜为原料,研究了壳聚糖澄清苦瓜汁的工艺条件,并优化了苦瓜饮料的配方。以苦瓜汁透光率为指标,考察了壳聚糖添加量、处理时间、pH、体系温度4个因素对苦瓜汁澄清效果的影响。在单因素实验的基础上进行正交实验,优化壳聚糖澄清苦瓜汁的最佳工艺条件为:壳聚糖用量0.3g/L,反应时间40min,pH5.5,体系温度30℃。再通过单因素实验和响应面分析,结合感官评价,优化了苦瓜饮料配方,得到最佳配方为:25.65%苦瓜汁、0.01%甜菊糖、1%异麦芽酮糖、0.0094%柠檬酸。      

沙棘叶系列复合茶加工工艺研究

根据维吾尔族的茶饮习惯,以沙棘叶茶、和田玫瑰花、雪菊、和田药茶为主原料,按不同比例对复合茶的口感、汤色、香气的影响进行了研究。通过单因素试验和正交试验从感官上确定了较理想的2个最佳配方。配方1:沙棘叶茶占46%、和田玫瑰花茶占34.5%、雪菊占12.5%、和田药茶占7%;配方2:沙棘叶茶占50%、绿茶占25%、和田玫瑰花25%。同时测定了沙棘叶茶、和田玫瑰花茶、雪菊、绿茶、沙棘叶系列复合茶(配方1和配方2)饮料中的茶多酚的含量,结果分别是44.815、33.856、54.601、39.140、57.538、50.491 mg/L,其外观、汤色、口感良好,营养成分含量高。     

离子色谱法测定苦瓜茶中的半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖和果糖

建立了离子色谱法同时分离测定苦瓜茶中的半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖和果糖的分析方法。用METROSEP CARB1(150mm×4.0mm)阴离子交换分离柱和脉冲安培检测器,对淋洗分离条件进行优化。选择了8mmol/L NaOH为淋洗液,淋洗液流速为1.0mL/min,总分析时间为25min。半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖和果糖的检出限分别为0.105、0.126、0.152、0.587mg/L(进样体积20μL)。混标溶液连续8次进样,峰高的相对标准偏差为2.12%~5.43%,保留时间的相对标准偏差为2.06%~3.28%。样品测定的回收率为94.2%~99.8%。该方法具有样品前处理简单,灵敏度高,快速有效等优点。结果满意。为苦瓜茶中糖分的检测提供了一个简单有效的方法。     

挤压重组糙米-刺五加茶酒的研制、品质分析及抗氧化评价

以挤压重组糙米蒸馏酒为酒基、刺五加茶汁为茶基,配以赤藓糖醇和柠檬酸制作茶酒,并采用单因素结合正交试验法优化茶酒制作工艺。结果表明,茶酒最佳制作配方为柠檬酸添加量0.14%,赤藓糖醇添加量4%,酒基与茶基的体积比0.5∶1.0,制备的茶酒色泽橙黄、晶亮透明、无沉淀和悬浮物,茶香和酒香融合协调,口感丰富,酸甜适口。酒精度为9.0%vol、总酸含量为4.23 g/L、可溶性固形物为14.18%、透光率为76.68%,总黄酮、总多酚和多糖含量分别为28.57 mg/L,287.08 mg/L和1 112.68 mg/L,特征物质紫丁香苷和异嗪皮啶含量分别为4.09 mg/L和5.86 mg/L,且对DPPH、羟基和超氧阴离子自由基的最大清除率分别为（90.39±3.32）%、（88.33±2.89）%、（80.81±3.19）%,清除能力较强。因此,该研究制备的茶酒具有较高的品质和抗氧化能力。     

苦瓜汁乳饮料的工艺研究

以苦瓜和牛乳为原料,对苦瓜的脱苦、护色条件及苦瓜汁乳饮料的制备工艺进行研究。结果表明,10%盐溶液浸泡25min脱苦效果最佳,浓度为400mg/kg的异抗坏血酸钠的护色效果最好。最佳配方为,苦瓜汁与牛乳体积比1∶2,白砂糖添加量9.5%,柠檬酸添加量0.75%,复合稳定剂(羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶、琼脂以1∶1∶1的比例复合)添加量0.15%。在最佳工艺配方条件下,可制得具有丰富营养、独特风味的苦瓜汁乳饮料。     

赤霉素及芸苔素内酯对茶树光合特性和茶果产量的影响北大核心CSCD

研究不同质量浓度的赤霉素(GA)及芸苔素内酯(BR)及二者交互作用对籽叶两用茶树光合特性及茶果产量的影响。以5年生的金茶1号为试验对象,采用不同质量浓度的GA(0、0.8、1.0、1.2、1.5 mg/L)、BR(0、0.3、0.5、0.8、1.0 mg/L)及二者交互处理(GA+BR 0 mg/L+0 mg/L、1.0 mg/L+0.5 mg/L、1.0 mg/L+0.8 mg/L、 1.2 mg/L+0.5 mg/L、 1.2 mg/L+0.8 mg/L)在茶果油脂转化期对茶树进行喷施,测定各处理茶树成熟期果实含水率,茶叶籽含油率,叶片含氮量、叶绿素含量、光合作用,以及成熟茶果的生物学特性和单株产量。结果表明:随着果实的成熟,茶果含水率逐渐降低,茶叶籽含油率先升高后降低(除对照),且同一时期喷施GA、BR及二者交互处理的茶果含水率均低于未喷施外源激素的茶果,茶叶籽含油率均高于未喷施外源激素的茶果;GA(1.2 mg/L)、BR(0.8 mg/L)及二者交互处理(GA 1.0 mg/L+BR 0.8 mg/L)的茶果成熟时含水率最低,分别为21.17%、25.75%、20.13%,茶叶籽含油率最高,成熟期的最高值分别为35.97%、33.52%、36.17%,单株产量最高,分别为1.91、1.91、1.95 kg;含氮量、叶绿素含量及光合作用随着果实的成熟呈现先升高后降低的趋势;成熟茶果的单株产量与成熟期的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、一籽质量、二籽质量及三籽质量呈极显著正相关(p<0.01)。因此,在生长期对茶树喷施外源激素可促进茶树的光合作用,提高茶果的产量及含油率。     

氰霜唑及其代谢物4-氯-5-(4-甲苯基)-1H-咪唑-2-腈在苦瓜中的残留消解动态及膳食安全性评价

[目的]研究旨在优化苦瓜中氰霜唑(Cyazofamid)及其代谢物CCIM的QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱残留分析方法;同时结合苦瓜的田间残留消解动态试验,对膳食摄入风险进行评价。[方法]苦瓜样品采用含1%乙酸的乙腈溶液提取,LC-MS/MS进行检测,通过基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。通过在黑龙江、河北、河南、重庆、浙江和广东6地进行了100 g/L氰霜唑悬浮剂在苦瓜上残留的田间试验,研究了氰霜唑在苦瓜中的消解动态,对苦瓜中氰霜唑可能产生的膳食摄入风险安全进行评价。[结果]试验结果表明：1)氰霜唑在0.005-1.0 mg/L、CCIM在0.001-1.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9987;在0.010、0.10、0.50 mg/kg 3个浓度下,苦瓜中氰霜唑及CCIM的回收率为80.0%～100.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.05%～12.1%。检出限(LOD)为0.364-0.654 μg/kg,方法定量限(LOQ)为添加的最低浓度0.010 mg/kg。2)田间试验结果表明：氰霜唑在苦瓜中消解符合一级反应动力学方程,半衰期为3.0～4.9 d,属易降解农药;使用100 g/L氰霜唑悬浮剂,施药剂量105-157.5 g a.i./hm2,分别施药2、3次,苦瓜中氰霜唑总的最终残留量最大值为6.54 mg/kg。3)膳食摄入风险评估结果表明：氰霜唑的风险概率为每人每日摄入总量的1.0%。[结论]在苦瓜生长期间按照推荐剂量合理使用氰霜唑对消费者的膳食健康风险极低,对消费者健康是安全的。     

苦瓜凝胶糖果的研制

以苦瓜为主要原料研制凝胶糖果,对苦瓜汁、果葡糖浆、凝胶剂的用量及最佳烘干条件等主要因素进行了研究,通过L9(34)正交试验确定了苦瓜凝胶糖果的配方。结果表明:苦瓜凝胶糖果的最佳配方为苦瓜汁40%、果葡糖浆40%、麦芽糊精13%、凝胶剂3.5%,最佳烘干条件为70℃下烘烤6 h~8 h,所得产品能达到最佳的口感、风味与外观。     

苦瓜愈伤组织的诱导及培养条件优化

利用不同的激素配比,对苦瓜幼苗的各个器官进行愈伤组织诱导,比较其生长情况。通过实验得出,IAA与6-BA搭配比2,4-D与6-BA搭配对苦瓜愈伤组织的诱导及生长要好。当6-BA质量浓度较高（4 mg/L）时,利于苦瓜愈伤组织的诱导。在优化培养条件时,在MS培养基的基础上添加103.125 mg/L的硝酸铵,100 mg/L的水解酪蛋白,蔗糖质量浓度为30 g/L,激素质量浓度为0.5 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L 2,4-D时,可使苦瓜愈伤组织快速增殖。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the