受阻酚/丁腈橡胶复合材料的结构与性能

在丁腈橡胶中添加受阻酚AO-60制备受阻酚/丁腈橡胶复合材料。利用差示扫描量热(DSC)、 扫描电镜(SEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)、 动态力学分析(DMTA)等测试手段对该复合材料的结构进行了表征, 并对其动态力学性能进行了研究。结果表明: 该复合材料中受阻酚AO-60的结晶性能发生变化, 由结晶态转变为无定形态。AO-60在丁腈橡胶基体中形成了富集区, 在AO-60分子间和AO-60与NBR分子之间形成了大量的氢键。该复合材料不仅存在丁腈橡胶的玻璃化转变, 还有两次异常的松弛过程, 这归因于体系中分子间氢键的解离。该复合材料具有很高的损耗性能, 有很好的阻尼材料应用前景。      

受阻酚封端聚氨酯阻尼材料的结构与性能

分别设计合成了受阻酚AO-80和AO-2246封端聚氨酯预聚物,并经固化制得聚氨酯阻尼材料。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描热分析、扫描电镜表征了该材料的微观结构,并研究了受阻酚含量、受阻酚种类和聚醚相对分子质量对阻尼材料动态力学性能的影响。动态力学测试结果表明,所制得试样组分相容性较好,随着受阻酚用量的增加,最大阻尼因子增大,玻璃化温度升高,阻尼温域变宽;同质量比时,AO-2246封端所制得试样最大阻尼因子和损耗峰面积均高于AO-80体系;随着聚醚相对分子质量增加,试样的最大阻尼值增大,玻璃化温度降低,相容性变好。     

受阻酚AO-60/丁腈橡胶-环氧化天然橡胶-天然橡胶复合材料的制备及其阻尼性能

选用受阻酚AO-60/丁腈橡胶（NBR）（质量比40:100）作为阻尼相,环氧化天然橡胶（ENR）作为相容剂,制备了AO-60/NBR-ENR-天然橡胶（NR）复合材料。研究发现,复合材料的微观结构呈"海岛结构",当质量比NR/NBR为60:40和50:50时,体系中出现双连续相结构。复合材料呈现两个玻璃化转变温度,分别出现在-60℃附近和-10℃附近;随着AO-60/NBR质量比的增加,在-20~40℃温度范围内复合材料的有效阻尼温域从0℃拓宽到35.9℃,且损耗因子随应变增大有小幅提升。复合材料在低应变下呈现低应力,表现出高柔性,同时其在较高应变下存在应力突变点,表现出较高的拉伸强度和扯断伸长率。      

受阻酚AO-60/丁腈橡胶复合材料的结构与动态力学性能

在丁腈橡胶(NBR)中添加受阻酚AO-60制备受阻酚/丁腈橡胶复合材料。利用DSC、SEM、动态力学分析仪(DMA)等测试手段对该复合材料的结构进行了表征,并研究了其动态力学性能。结果表明:AO-60在不同的NBR基体中的分散情况不同。在丙烯腈质量分数为35%的NBR基体(N230S)中,AO-60形成了精细的分散结构,且与NBR大分子之间形成了强烈的分子间作用力,两相相容性好。与纯NBR基体相比,AO-60/NBR复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)随着AO-60含量的增加逐渐升高,损耗因子(tanδ)逐渐增大,阻尼性能提高。同时,AO-60/N230S复合材料表现出更好的阻尼性能。     

受阻酚AO-80/NBR/PVC交联复合材料的结构与动态力学性能

在丁腈橡胶(NBR)/聚氯乙烯(PVC)共混基体中添加了受阻酚AO-80, 制备了AO-80/NBR/PVC交联复合材料, 并研究了其微观结构和动态力学性能。扫描电镜、 透射电镜的结果证明, 大部分AO-80溶解在NBR/PVC基体中, 少量的AO-80以亚微米尺寸的微粒分散于基体中; X射线衍射、 差示扫描量热分析(DSC)结果证明, AO-80在基体中处于非晶态。DSC、 动态热机械分析的结果表明, AO-80与基体之间形成了很强的分子间作用力, 使材料的玻璃化温度大幅度上升。同时, AO-80/NBR/PVC交联复合材料的损耗因子tanδ-温度T曲线只有一个单峰, 与纯的NBR/PVC交联橡胶相比, 随着AO-80用量增加, tanδ峰明显向高温移动, 并且峰值由0.96增加到1.56。AO-80/NBR/PVC交联复合材料呈现明显的拉伸取向, 具备优异的力学强度, 具有很好的实用价值。      

受阻酚/羧基丁腈橡胶复合材料的结构及动态力学性能

将羧基丁腈橡胶(XNBR)和受阻酚2,2′-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚) (AO-2246)混合制备出挤压和未挤压AO-2246/XNBR复合材料,并对其结构及动态力学性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,AO-2246在XN2BR基体中的分散状态对体系的动态力学性能影响较大。在未挤压样品中,大部分AO-2246分子以晶体颗粒的形式存在,体系的损耗因子(tanδ)比纯XNBR基体低;而在挤压样品中,由于热压淬火过程中两组分发生杂化,体系的tanδ值明显增大,体系的阻尼性能显著提高。差示扫描量热(DSC)分析和扫描电镜(SEM)观察表明,当AO-2246质量分数高于40%后,杂化体系中AO-2246以3 种形态存在：杂化形态、微相分离态以及结晶态,它们共同对体系的动态力学性能产生影响。AO-2246质量分数为50%的杂化体系的tanδ峰峰值高达3.5,同时该峰位置由低温区向高温方向移动至室温附近,从而使AO-2246/XNBR复合材料成为一种极具潜力的高性能阻尼材料。     

片状石墨粉/受阻酚小分子-丁腈橡胶共混物动态力学性能

以丁腈橡胶(NBR)为基体,添加受阻酚小分子2,2′-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)(AO-2246)构成杂化体系,在体系中添加片状石墨粉(FGP),研究其对共混物动态力学性能的影响,借助DMA、FTIR和SEM等手段,研究了FGP/AO-2246-NBR共混物的动态力学性能。结果表明:将FGP加入AO-2246-NBR共混物中后,损耗角正切值、动态储能模量及损耗模量均随着FGP含量的增加先增加后减小,当FGP含量达到临界值(质量分数10%左右)时,其动态力学性能损耗角切值、动态储能模量及损耗模量才表现出较好的性能。通过红外光谱分析发现,三元共混物的氢键效应不是决定动态力学性能的关键因素,这与FGP本身的特性及形成的微观结构有关。微观形貌的形成是FGP与AO-2246-NBR共混物间相互作用的结果。     

功能小分子对饱和橡胶/丙烯酸酯橡胶共混物阻尼性能的影响

研究了功能小分子对饱和橡胶/丙烯酸酯橡胶共混材料阻尼性能的影响,结果表明,受阻酚类功能小分子AO-80与1035FF并用可进一步提高饱和橡胶/丙烯酸酯橡胶共混材料的阻尼性能.功能小分子的损耗因子峰值温度对掺杂体系稳定性有重要影响,其峰值温度低于使用温度的掺杂体系具有稳定的阻尼性能.     

Tensile properties of segmented block copolymers with monodisperse hard segments

The tensile properties of segmented block copolymers with mono-disperse hard segments were studied with respect to the hard segment content (16–44 wt.%) and the temperature (20–110 °C). The copolymers were comprised of poly(tetramethylene oxide) segments with the molecular weights of 650–2,900 Da and of mono-disperse bisester-tetra-amide segments (T6A6T) based on adipic acid (A), terephthalic acid (T) and hexamethylene diamine (6). An increasing content of T6A6T gave rise to an increased modulus, yield stress and fracture stress. The modulus could be modeled by a composite model. Moreover, a strain-softening was observed well below the yield stress, due to the shearing of the T6A6T crystallites. At strains >200%, a strain-hardening of the PTMO segments took place and this even for PTMO segments that were amorphous in the isotropic state. The strain hardening increased the tensile properties. An increase in temperature had little effect on the modulus of the copolymers, but was found to lower the yield and fracture stresses. At temperatures above the melting temperature of the oriented PTMO, no strain-hardening took place. The yield stress as a function of temperature could be described by the Eyring relationship, but a modulus–yield stress relationship could not be established.     

Influence of hard segment content and nature on polyurethane/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites

Knowledge of how polyurethanes, PU, complexity affects their derived multiwalled carbon nanotube, MWCNT, composites could shed important clues for preparing future tailored PU/MWCNT elastic, strong and electrically conductive composites. In this regard, hard segment content and nature, along with MWCNT functionalisation, are believed to have great influence on both nanoscale PU/MWCNT self assembling mechanisms and on final composites properties. In this work the effect of PU hard segment content into composites was analysed. According to the results, a preferential interaction of nanotubes with polyurethanes hard segments can be assumed although nanotubes introduction hindered both soft and hard segments crystallisation. In all cases carbon nanotubes percolative network formation seemed to be crucial for obtaining significant reinforcement, being observed at this stage, a reduction of ductility, phenomena which is related to an increase on hard domains interconnections by MWCNT. The hard to soft segment ratio into PU plays a crucial role on determining the stress transfer to MWCNT. In addition, PU hard domains nature has important effect on nanotubes reinforcing character, this fact being related to the different PU intrinsic morphologies as well as different PU-MWCNT interactions.     

The tensile properties of poly(ethylene oxide)-based segmented block copolymers in the dry and wet state

The tensile properties of poly(ethylene oxide)-based segmented block copolymers were studied in the dry and wet state. The hard segments were made up of monodisperse crystallisable tetra-amide segments (T6T6T) comprising terephthalate (T) and hexamethylenediamine (6) groups. The length of the segments making up the soft phase was varied from 600 to 10,000 g/mol. The water absorption of the PEO-based copolymers was found to increase exponentially with the PEO concentration. The modulus and yield strength decreased with water absorption and this effect seemed to be mainly the result of a lowering hard segment content caused by their swelling with water. Upon wetting, the copolymers demonstrated an increased yield strain. Furthermore, the ultimate properties were sensitive to the hard segment content, the molecular weight of the copolymer and whether or not strain-hardening could take place. Upon wetting, the fracture stresses decreased whereas the fracture strains increased. The true fracture stresses of the wet samples were as high as those of the dry samples for reasonable amounts of absorbed water.     

催化剂对异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯制备的脂肪族聚氨酯弹性体结构和性能的影响

采用一步法通过异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与聚丙二醇和1,4-丁二醇反应合成了脂肪族聚氨酯（PU）弹性体。考察了催化剂的种类和含量对PU弹性体结构和性能的影响。结果表明,以辛酸亚锡为催化剂时,PU弹性体的软段相和硬段相间的相分离程度最明显且分子量最低,导致其力学性能最差;以辛酸铋为催化剂时,PU弹性体软段相和硬段相的相容性较好且...     

聚硅氧烷聚脲的结构与性能研究

利用４，４＇－二异氰酸酯二苯醚与胺丙基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷反应，合成了一类新型聚硅氧烷聚脲嵌段共聚物。结合热分析、动态力学分析以及小角Ｘ光散射的结果对其结构进行了表征。另外还采用紫外吸收、荧光光谱分析、热失重分析和应力－应变分析等手段研究了这一体系的耐热性、抗光老化性及其力学性能。结果表明，将ＭＤＩ中的亚甲基换成醚键后，有利于防止聚脲分子在光作用下形成醌式结构，提高了聚脲的抗光老化性能。醚键的引入     

硬段类型和含量对嵌段聚氨酯脲性能的影响

以聚己二酸乙二醇-丙二醇酯二醇(PEPA)为软段,分别采用4种二胺扩链剂和3种二异氰酸酯为硬段,通过预聚体法合成了一系列不同硬段结构和含量的聚氨酯脲弹性体,并采用红外光谱、热失重分析、差示扫描量热和拉伸测试等手段,研究了硬段类型及含量对聚氨酯脲性能的影响。结果表明,在软段结构一致,硬段含量接近的情况下,兼具柔性和刚性的硬段有助于提升聚氨酯脲的力学性能、热学性能和微相分离程度。几种二胺扩链剂和二异氰酸酯中,由二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和4,4'-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)构成的硬段性能最佳;在软、硬段结构一致的情况下,硬段含量对聚氨酯脲性能影响明显。随着硬段含量增加,聚氨酯脲的拉伸强度、微相分离程度先增大后减小,5%热失重温度和断裂伸长率逐渐下降。当PEPA/MDI/ODA摩尔比为1∶0.5∶0.5(硬段含量31.7%),聚氨酯脲拉伸强度达51.5 MPa,断裂伸长率为709%,5%热失重温度为282.7℃,性能最佳。     

Crystalline structure and morphology of a hindered phenol in a chlorinated polyethylene matrix

The crystallization behavior of tetrakis [methylene-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyloxy] methane (AO-60) in a chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) matrix was investigated. When the AO-60 content is 15 wt%, CPE/AO-60 is an incompatible system. The crystals on the surface of samples changed sequentially from a polyhedron shape to a platelet shape and then to a needle shape as the annealing temperature was reduced. The annealed samples showed two melting peaks. The high temperature peak is due to the melting of the AO-60 crystals observed. In contrast, in the case of a compatible CPE/AO-60 (5 wt%) system, AO-60 crystals also were observed but there was no change in the shape of crystals. The crystal growth of AO-60 within a CPE matrix is thought to depend on the compatibility of CPE/AO-60.     

Creep and Aging Evaluation of Phenol–Formaldehyde Carbon Fiber Composites in Overhead Transmission Lines

The use of reinforced polymers as cores of transmission cables can provide significant advantages compared to traditional steel cores, such as high tensile strength, low thermal expansion coefficients, and low sag between towers. This work evaluates the applicability of pultruded rods consisting of phenol–formaldehyde resin reinforced with carbon fiber as cores of transmission cables. In this work, the samples were divided into three groups: samples without aging, and samples UV and thermally aged. At first, a dynamic mechanical analysis was performed on samples without aging in order to determine the viscoelastic properties of the material based on the application to see if it would be compatible. In addition to this test, tensile strength and Young's modulus were determined for the three groups. Since the composite cores are susceptible to creep in high temperatures, the applicability must be below the glass transition temperature. Regarding creep behavior, results showed that at a reference temperature of 100 °C, the stress level necessary to cause failure after 50 years was 89% of the ultimate strength. The results of tensile tests were favorable for application of the pultruded system as transmission cables cores and the accelerated aging affected positively in these composites.

     

Mechanical properties of hot pressed SiCp and B4Cp/Alumix 123 composites alloyed with minor Zr

In the present study, effect of Zr addition on the microstructure and wear behavior of aluminum alloy composites (AMCs) reinforced with B4Cp and SiCp particles fabricated via hot pressing were investigated. The samples for the study composed of unreinforced aluminum alloy (Alumix 123) and the composites reinforced with 10% B4Cp and % SiCp were prepared by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) method. Similarly, all the samples alloyed with 0.2% Zr were also produced in order to make a comparison. The produced samples were evaluated for microstructural properties and mechanical tests for hardness, tensile and bending strength were performed. Wear test was carried out at 5 mm/s sliding speed under 3.0 N load for the all kind of hot pressed produced samples. The hot pressed composite microstructures have a more uniform distribution of the reinforcements. After HIP process, the composites were successfully produced with high density (>99%). The addition of Zr increased the yield and tensile strength of the samples. The highest strength value was found for the sample Al 123 matrix alloy with Zr. Evaluation of microstructures showed that copper and zirconium dispersed equally within the matrix microstructure without agglomeration. For the composite samples, Al3Zr, appeared as white precipitate, were inspected around B4C and SiC particles. The composite containing SiC particles and Zr had wear resistance value superior to those of the other counterparts.     

Mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites

Untreated and acid-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were used to fabricate MWNT/epoxy composite samples by sonication technique. The effect of MWNT addition and their surface modification on the mechanical properties were investigated. Modified Halpin–Tasi equation was used to evaluate the Young’s modulus and tensile strength of the MWNT/epoxy composite samples by the incorporation of an orientation as well as an exponential shape factor in the equation. There was a good correlation between the experimentally obtained Young’s modulus and tensile strength values and the modified Halpin–Tsai theory. The fracture surfaces of MWNT/epoxy composite samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope.     

SiC含量对SiCw/Cu复合材料组织与力学性能的影响

为了研究SiCw/Cu复合材料的制备工艺、形成机理,进一步研究SiC含量对材料的组织结构、力学性能的影响.采用热压法和热等静压法制备了不同SiCw含量的SiCw/Cu复合材料,并对复合材料的致密度、显微组织和物相组成、维氏硬度、拉伸和压缩性能进行了研究,对拉伸断口进行分析.结果表明:SiCw有效阻碍Cu基体晶粒的长大,随着SiCw含量的增加,热压制备的SiCw/Cu复合材料的致密度、断后伸长率、拉伸屈服强度下降,而气孔率、维氏硬度与压缩屈服强度显著增加,抗拉强度先增加后降低.热压制备得到的1wt%SiCw/Cu复合材料,具有相对最优的综合力学性能:抗拉强度为156.9 MPa,拉伸屈服强度为112.5 MPa.采用热等静压法制备的3wt%SiCw/Cu复合材料,各方面性能都要优于相同组分的热压材料,抗拉强度达到175.6 Mpa,拉伸屈服强度达到123.2 MPa,维氏硬度达到101.8 HV.复合材料的强度是SiCw的增强作用与孔隙的弱化作用共同作用的结果,SiCw/Cu复合材料的断裂行为既表现出一定的韧性特征,又表现出一定的脆性特征.     

Effect of tungsten addition on the microstructure and tensile properties of in situ TiB2/Fe composite produced by vacuum induction melting

In situ TiB₂ particulate reinforced Fe-based composite was produced by vacuum induction melting (VIM) technique. The effect of tungsten element on the microstructure and tensile properties of the composite was investigated. The results show that the tungsten can dissolve into the TiB₂ particulates and the segregation of TiB₂ is reduced. Meanwhile, with the addition of 3.0 wt.% tungsten, the composite is solid strengthened and an optimal tensile property can be obtained. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation to rupture (Er) of the composite reach as high as 360 MPa, 690 MPa and 18.5%, respectively. The fracture morphologies also indicate that the addition of 3.0 wt.% tungsten results in the increase of plastic fracture.