基于遗传算法的机器人动态视觉检测系统

建立了一种基于二自由度机器人视觉伺服系统,该系统通过实时监控和跟踪运动目标,实现对运动目标的相对距离和瞬时速度的动态检测。系统为双目视觉系统,采用遗传算法进行特征点匹配,利用其随机搜索的特点,更快更好地找到全局最优值,从而得到较高匹配精度的点。最后通过三维重建和建立速度模型,实现了对机器人动平台运动参数的动态检测,并给出测量精度及改进方法。此方法还适用于多自由度并联机器人和空间复杂运动的检测。     

一种新型的并联机器人位姿立体视觉检测系统

建立了一种并联机器人位姿立体视觉测量系统框架,主要包括图像采集与传输、摄像机标定、尺度不变量特征变换（SIFT）匹配、空间点重建和位姿测量五个部分。该系统基于SIFT,能够很好地处理图像在大视角有遮挡、平移、旋转、亮度和尺度变化时的特征点匹配,有较高的匹配精度,特别适用于对并联机器人多自由度和空间复杂运动的检测。最后使用该方法对并联机器人位姿检测做了仿真实验。     

仿人视觉过程的机器人视觉伺服系统研究

提出了一种模仿人类视觉过程的动态图像目标跟踪方法,其采用基于模板匹配的识别技术,通过模仿人类视觉目标定位过程运用遗传算法实现了对运动物体的视觉跟踪。利用此方法实现了一套视觉伺服机器人的运动目标跟踪系统,通过实验说明该方法能够满足系统的实时性要求,同时具有一定的抗噪能力。     

基于双目视觉的跟踪机器人系统的设计

文章介绍了一种以TMS320DM642为核心,结合编解码芯片SAA7115和SAA7105组成的高速图像处理系统,和典型的电机控制芯片TMS320F2812为核心的电机控制系统,组成了基于双目视觉的跟踪机器人系统.文章提出了一种新的基于YUV彩色模型的实现足球立体视觉匹配的检测方法,该方法将匹配问题映射为具有某种颜色的目标特征区域的中心,把其中心作为匹配点,通过目标的分割获得匹配点后根据双目视觉定位数学模型恢复目标位置信息,完成在动态背景下运动目标的识别与跟踪,从而高效实时地检测运动目标并实现时目标的跟踪.     

基于机器视觉的机器人动态目标检测系统

由于机器人动态目标检测系统在检测过程中缺少对动态物体的准确标定，导致检测精度不高。基于此，设计基于机器视觉的机器人动态目标检测系统。首先，对机器人动态目标检测图像进行处理，基于机器视觉对处理过后的图像信息进行动态目标检测标定；其次，根据标定传输数据畸变校正动态目标检测图像，从而实现动态目标检测；最后，进行实验对比分析。实验结果表明，该系统的动态目标检测误差小，能够实现动态目标检测。     

机器人双目立体视觉测距技术研究与实现

机器人视觉是一种重要的机器人传感技术,主要应用于机器人定位和检测之中;文章阐述了构建机器人双目立体视觉测距系统的方法,并运用Labview对所设计的系统加以实现;完成了图像的采集、预处理和边缘检测;通过在Labview中的C语言接口调用C算法程序,进行了物体特征识别和目标物体测距的算法实现;实验表明焦距、滤波算法和外围光源都会对测量结果会产生较大影响;在相同检测距离不同焦距时得到的检测精度会有一些偏差;并且加入低通滤波,可增加图像识别的精度,进而使特征点匹配和检测的精度都有所提高,对提高系统的检测精度具有实际意义。     

一种五自由度视觉伺服机器人的跟踪控制研究

提出了一种基于图像的视觉伺服机器人系统的结构，以及该系统跟踪平面运动目标的算法. 该系统有5个自由度，包括一个3自由度的机器人和一个2自由度的手腕，手腕安装在机器人末端，而摄像机安装在手腕末端. 由于具有较小的运动惯量，手腕可快速旋转，以实现对运动目标的跟踪. 而在需要时，3自由度的机器人可将摄像机移动到适当的位置， 对目标进行更为仔细的观察. 该系统实现了对运动目标的跟踪. 此外，还提出了提高系统性能的方法，实验证实这些方法是有效的.     

面向工业零件的机器人单目立体匹配与抓取

为实现通用性强、快速、准确的工业机器人6自由度零件抓取,提出了一种基于单目视觉引导的零件3维抓取方法．首先,采用按倾角分层的Chamfer距离匹配算法建立图像与待匹配模板的相似度函数,并运用爬山法局部优化的遗传算法搜索最优匹配结果;然后,通过CAD（计算机辅助设计）模型建立离线3D模板库,将匹配算法拓展到适用于复杂结构零件的空间6自由度位姿检测;最后,由各坐标系间的矩阵转换和系统标定得到机器人的抓取信息,从而实现零件的3维抓取．实验结果表明,优化后的位姿检测算法在匹配速度和准确性上均有所提升,且基于该检测算法的机器人3维抓取实验的位置误差在2 mm以内、转角误差在2°以内,可用于工业智能机器人的零件抓取．     

双目视觉运动目标跟踪定位系统的设计

针对运动目标在被遮挡时跟踪丢失问题,采用双目视觉对运动目标进行跟踪定位.首先,利用背景差分法实现目标检测;然后,利用Kalman滤波器改进的CamShift算法与FAST角点检测算法相结合,通过缩小角点检测的范围,提高预测的准确性和跟踪速度,同时有效解决了目标跟踪丢失问题;最后,通过双目立体视觉视差原理求出目标的三维坐标,实现对目标的定位.实验结果表明,该系统有效地解决了目标跟踪丢失问题,且算法实时性良好,有利于工业上使用机器人对运动目标的精确抓取.     

面向旋翼无人机目标追踪的解耦视觉伺服方法

传统的机器人PID控制方法因结构简单在复杂环境中的鲁棒性与稳定性较差,而传统视觉伺服控制系统的闭环反馈机制影响强耦合系统的控制效果。针对传统机器人PID控制与视觉伺服在旋翼无人机追踪问题中的不足,提出一种解耦的视觉伺服追踪方法。利用费尔曼链码的目标特征提取算法提取目标的特征点,建立特征点误差与速度之间的视觉伺服模型,通过姿态调节去除俯仰角与滚转角的影响,采用动力学扩展方法将运动参数从4个自由度扩展为6个自由度,设置在线速度空间与角速度空间上独立的伺服增益。在仿真条件与实物条件下进行旋翼无人机追踪实验,结果表明,相比传统的视觉伺服与PID方法,该方法目标丢失概率更小,追踪效果更好。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.