平行磁场作用下电沉积Co-Ni-Mn-P磁性薄膜

在平行磁场作用下电沉积Co-Ni-Mn-P磁性薄膜。研究了平行磁场对电沉积过程及薄膜性能的影响。研究发现:施加平行磁场,有利于提高离子的传质速率,从而提高沉积效率。平行磁场作用下电沉积制备的Co-Ni-Mn-P磁性薄膜呈现出"枝晶状"结构,矫顽力和比饱和磁化强度更高。     

PET基磁性膜材料的制备与性能表征

用共沉淀法制备出具有磁性的Fe3O4纳米粒子水溶液。红外光谱和XRD表明,纳米粒子是Fe3O4且其粒径在15 nm左右。通过磁滞回线得到纳米粒子比饱和磁化强度σr=56.58 emu/g。对PET薄膜进行预处理和阴离子化后,在PET表面交替吸附聚电解质聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDDA)和纳米粒子水溶液,由于PDDA的存在,Fe3O4纳米粒子能均匀地被吸附在PET表面,形成PET基磁性膜材料,且吸附的强度较强。该材料的矫顽力为41.11 Oe,剩余磁化强度为0.66 emu,与Fe3O4纳米粒子一样,具有超顺磁性。     

电沉积Co-Pt-W磁性薄膜及其性能的研究

使用电沉积技术制备了磁性能较好的Co-Pt-W薄膜,并研究了pH值对薄膜的成分、结构、表面形貌和磁性能的影响。研究发现:Co-Pt-W薄膜是一种具有fct四方结构的晶态颗粒膜。随着pH值的升高,Co-Pt-W薄膜中Co和W的质量分数下降,而Pt的质量分数增大。pH值过低,析氢作用明显,Co-Pt-W薄膜表面颗粒较大,并且孔隙率高。增大pH值,有利于细化Co-Pt-W薄膜表面颗粒并降低孔隙率,从而提高矫顽力。     

Magnetic Nanoparticles: Surface Effects and Properties Related to Biomedicine Applications

Due to finite size effects, such as the high surface-to-volume ratio and different crystal structures, magnetic nanoparticles are found to exhibit interesting and considerably different magnetic properties than those found in their corresponding bulk materials. These nanoparticles can be synthesized in several ways (e.g., chemical and physical) with controllable sizes enabling their comparison to biological organisms from cells (10–100 μm), viruses, genes, down to proteins (3–50 nm). The optimization of the nanoparticles’ size, size distribution, agglomeration, coating, and shapes along with their unique magnetic properties prompted the application of nanoparticles of this type in diverse fields. Biomedicine is one of these fields where intensive research is currently being conducted. In this review, we will discuss the magnetic properties of nanoparticles which are directly related to their applications in biomedicine. We will focus mainly on surface effects and ferrite nanoparticles, and on one diagnostic application of magnetic nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents.     

Ni-Co磁性薄膜的电化学沉积及磁性能

研究了电流密度和温度对电沉积Ni-Co薄膜形貌、晶体结构及磁性能的影响。结果表明:随着电流密度的增加,Ni-Co薄膜的比饱和磁化强度先增大后减小,在200A/m2时达到最大值;电流密度对薄膜的结晶度和晶粒尺寸均有影响;在较高温度下制备的薄膜表面较粗糙,这是由于温度的升高致使析氢加剧。     

管道周向励磁漏磁检测磁路设计

管道周向励磁漏磁检测技术是一种新的检测方法,对于检测和定量评定轴向导向缺陷具有潜在优势。磁化器磁路设计是漏磁检测需要解决的首要问题,采用磁路计算原理研究管道磁化磁路中永磁体长度、厚度和宽度改变时,管道表面缺陷产生的漏磁场的变化情况,得到了缺陷漏磁场随永磁体长度、厚度和宽度改变时的变化规律。此规律有助于从整体上把握永磁体磁路设计,改善磁化效果,提高漏磁检测灵敏度,进而为漏磁检测磁路的设计提供依据。     

Combustion and Coprecipitation Synthesis of Co–Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles: Comparison of Structure and Magnetic Properties

In this study, we used urea and ammonia to synthesize zinc cobalt ferrites via microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method from metallic nitrates. It was figured that despite the common synthesis method and equal amount of nitrates, magnetic properties of nanoparticles were different. Changes in magnetic properties are discussed based on factors such as nanoparticles’ size, surface atom spins, cationic distribution, magnetocrystalline energy. Nanoparticles synthesized with ammonia showed lower magnetization while higher magnetocrystalline energy and greater coercivity was obtained due to better cationic distribution. It was also revealed that by increasing magnetization, the susceptibility of nanoparticles increases and then declines.     

纳米Fe3O4磁性颗粒的制备及应用现状

介绍了纳米Fe3O4磁性颗粒的制备工艺,如机械球磨法、水热法、微乳液法、超声沉淀法、水解法等,归纳了各种制备方法的特点。对Fe3O4颗粒当前的应用热点进行了概述,并对纳米Fe3O4的研究前景进行了展望。     

Exploiting Size-Dependent Drag and Magnetic Forces for Size-Specific Separation of Magnetic Nanoparticles

Realizing the full potential of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in nanomedicine requires the optimization of their physical and chemical properties. Elucidation of the effects of these properties on clinical diagnostic or therapeutic properties, however, requires the synthesis or purification of homogenous samples, which has proved to be difficult. While initial simulations indicated that size-selective separation could be achieved by flowing magnetic nanoparticles through a magnetic field, subsequent in vitro experiments were unable to reproduce the predicted results. Magnetic field-flow fractionation, however, was found to be an effective method for the separation of polydisperse suspensions of iron oxide nanoparticles with diameters greater than 20 nm. While similar methods have been used to separate magnetic nanoparticles before, no previous work has been done with magnetic nanoparticles between 20 and 200 nm. Both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis were used to confirm the size of the MNPs. Further development of this work could lead to MNPs with the narrow size distributions necessary for their in vitro and in vivo optimization.     

不同粒径镍锌铁氧体纳米材料的磁性研究

利用液相催化的方法制备了尖晶石结构的Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体纳米颗粒,在反应过程中加入适当的助溶剂制备出了不同粒径的颗粒。XRD、TEM的测量结果表明生成物具有良好的尖晶石结构和结晶度,其粒径大小约为15～60nm。振动样品磁强计（VSM）对样品磁滞回线的测量表明随着磁性颗粒的增大,其饱和磁化强度也单调变大,饱和磁化强度的数值在40～65emu／g。随着磁性颗粒粒径的改变,其升温速率和达到的饱和温度在单畴附近达到最大。     

Phosphocholine-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles for Isolation of C-Reactive Protein from Human Serum

In the present study, we describe the easy isolation of C-reactive protein (CRP) from human serum using phosphocholine-modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). A phosphocholine-based monomer, 3-(4)-vinylbenzyl-12-phosphorylcholine dodecanoate (VPC), was polymerized on methacrylate-coated MNPs and the resulting MNPs (VPC-MNPs) were assessed for their ability to isolate CRP from a human serum sample. CRP could be isolated from human serum with one adsorption step to VPC-MNPs within 1 h. The high purity of the isolated CRP fraction determined by SDS-PAGE indicates a good selectivity of VPC-MNPs for CRP binding. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using ligand-functionalized MNPs for rapid, easy, and efficient protein isolation.     

粉煤灰多元磁化肥的开发与生产

本文介绍多元磁化肥对农作物产量、抗逆能力、产品品质、根系生长以及土壤物理性质的影响。农田施用多元磁化肥后氮素利用率可提高５％。文中对多元磁化肥的生产工艺和机理作了一般介绍,并给出了该肥料的特性指标     

纳米金和磁性纳米颗粒在生物传感器中的应用

纳米技术的出现为纳米材料在分析化学领域的发展和应用开辟了新的方向。纳米材料的优异性能例如比表面积大、反应活性高等为生物检测奠定了基础。综述了纳米材料中纳米金和磁性纳米颗粒在生物传感器中的应用,并对其将来的发展进行了展望。     

Enzymatic Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles

We report the first in vitro enzymatic synthesis of paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic nanoparticles toward magnetic ELISA reporting. With our procedure, alkaline phosphatase catalyzes the dephosphorylation of l-ascorbic-2-phosphate, which then serves as a reducing agent for salts of iron, gadolinium, and holmium, forming magnetic precipitates of Fe_45±14Gd_5±2O_50±15 and Fe_42±4Ho_6±4O_52±5. The nanoparticles were found to be paramagnetic at 300 K and antiferromagnetic under 25 K. Although weakly magnetic at 300 K, the room-temperature magnetization of the nanoparticles found here is considerably greater than that of analogous chemically-synthesized Ln_xFe_yO_z (Ln = Gd, Ho) samples reported previously. At 5 K, the nanoparticles showed a significantly higher saturation magnetization of 45 and 30 emu/g for Fe_45±14Gd_5±2O_50±15 and Fe_42±4Ho_6±4O_52±5, respectively. Our approach of enzymatically synthesizing magnetic labels reduces the cost and avoids diffusional mass-transfer limitations associated with pre-synthesized magnetic reporter particles, while retaining the advantages of magnetic sensing.     

Effective and Selective Recovery of Precious Metals by Thiourea Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles

Adsorption of precious metals in acidic aqueous solutions using thiourea modified magnetic magnetite nanoparticle (MNP-Tu) was examined. The MNP-Tu was synthesized, characterized and examined as a reusable adsorbent for the recovery of precious metals. The adsorption kinetics were well fitted with pseudo second-order equation while the adsorption isotherms were fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The maximum adsorption capacity of precious metals for MNP-Tu determined by Langmuir model was 43.34, 118.46 and 111.58 mg/g for Pt(IV), Au(III) and Pd(II), respectively at pH 2 and 25 °C. MNP-Tu has high adsorption selectivity towards precious metals even in the presence of competing ions (Cu(II)) at high concentrations. In addition, the MNP-Tu can be regenerated using an aqueous solution containing 0.7 M thiourea and 2% HCl where precious metals can be recovered in a concentrated form. It was found that the MNP-Tu undergoing seven consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles still retained the original adsorption capacity of precious metals. A reductive adsorption resulting in the formation of elemental gold and palladium at the surface of MNP-Tu was observed.     

Frequency-Dependent Magnetic Susceptibility of Magnetite and Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Embedded in PAA Hydrogel

Chemically responsive hydrogels with embedded magnetic nanoparticles are of interest for biosensors that magnetically detect chemical changes. A crucial point is the irreversible linkage of nanoparticles to the hydrogel network, preventing loss of nanoparticles upon repeated swelling and shrinking of the gel. Here, acrylic acid monomers are adsorbed onto ferrite nanoparticles, which subsequently participate in polymerization during synthesis of poly(acrylic acid)-based hydrogels (PAA). To demonstrate the fixation of the nanoparticles to the polymer, our original approach is to measure low-field AC magnetic susceptibility spectra in the 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz range. In the hydrogel, the magnetization dynamics of small iron oxide nanoparticles are comparable to those of the particles dispersed in a liquid, due to fast Néel relaxation inside the particles; this renders the ferrogel useful for chemical sensing at frequencies of several kHz. However, ferrogels holding thermally blocked iron oxide or cobalt ferrite nanoparticles show significant decrease of the magnetic susceptibility resulting from a frozen magnetic structure. This confirms that the nanoparticles are unable to rotate thermally inside the hydrogel, in agreement with their irreversible fixation to the polymer network.     

磁化对水的性质影响的研究

研究了磁化前后和磁场强度、磁化时间对蒸馏水、自来水、工业废水的红外光谱、表面张力、电导率和pH值的影响,结果表明:磁化前后的红外光谱无明显变化,水的电导率,表面张力,pH值等呈现明显的周期性变化,且变化情况与磁场强度和磁化时间有关,并发现磁化水的电导率有滞后效应。对磁化水性能变化的机理提出了初步见解。     

Sr_(1-x)Ca_xRuO_3系列的制备、结构与磁性

固相反应法制备了Sr1-xCaxRuO3 系列 ,X射线衍射确定样品的相结构为正交畸变钙钛矿结构。随Ca替代量x的增加 ,晶格常数a基本保持不变 ,而b和c随之减少 ,晶格畸变更加明显。利用物理性质测量系统 (PPMS)测量了样品的零场冷却 (ZFC)和加场冷却 (FC)磁化强度随温度的变化规律 ,对此规律给出了合理解释。     

聚酯结构对不饱和聚酯基磁性复合材料性能影响

以4种不同结构的不饱和聚酯为黏接剂制备了磁性复合材料,并对复合材料进行力学性能和热性能测试,研究了聚酯结构对此复合材料的性能影响。结果表明,随着单位质量聚酯中双键含量的降低,复合材料的冲击强度先升高后降低,最大为6.1kJ/m2,弯曲性能呈上升趋势,热性能逐渐降低,材料的黏弹性逐渐明显。     

单晶钴颗粒的合成和磁性研究

采用水合肼还原法制备出钴纳米颗粒的团簇,通过对钴颗粒形貌及结构的分析发现钴为单晶颗粒,并存在六角和面心立方两种密排结构;探讨了溶液中钴团簇的形成机制,并对其磁性质进行了初步的研究。