少量稀土离子Sm3+掺杂对BaFe12O19显微结构及磁性能的影响

用XRD,VSM,TEM研究了少量Sm3+掺杂对BaFe12O19显微结构及磁性能的影响.结果表明:随着煅烧温度的提高,掺杂Sm3+后减缓了晶粒的生长速度,在不降低比饱和磁化强度的情况下,使矫顽力增加.     

平行磁场作用下电沉积Co-Ni-Mn-P磁性薄膜

在平行磁场作用下电沉积Co-Ni-Mn-P磁性薄膜。研究了平行磁场对电沉积过程及薄膜性能的影响。研究发现:施加平行磁场,有利于提高离子的传质速率,从而提高沉积效率。平行磁场作用下电沉积制备的Co-Ni-Mn-P磁性薄膜呈现出"枝晶状"结构,矫顽力和比饱和磁化强度更高。     

PET基磁性膜材料的制备与性能表征

用共沉淀法制备出具有磁性的Fe3O4纳米粒子水溶液。红外光谱和XRD表明,纳米粒子是Fe3O4且其粒径在15 nm左右。通过磁滞回线得到纳米粒子比饱和磁化强度σr=56.58 emu/g。对PET薄膜进行预处理和阴离子化后,在PET表面交替吸附聚电解质聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDDA)和纳米粒子水溶液,由于PDDA的存在,Fe3O4纳米粒子能均匀地被吸附在PET表面,形成PET基磁性膜材料,且吸附的强度较强。该材料的矫顽力为41.11 Oe,剩余磁化强度为0.66 emu,与Fe3O4纳米粒子一样,具有超顺磁性。     

高能球磨法制备纳米Fe3O4磁性颗粒的结构性能研究

采用高能球磨法制备Fe3 O4纳米磁性颗粒,用XRD、VSM、SEM等方法对样品进行表征并用四端法对样品的电导率进行测量,然后对样品的结构性能作定性和定量分析.结果表明:随着研磨时间增加,Fe3O4晶粒的衍射峰变宽,衍射峰强度减弱,同时有少量α-Fe2 O3生成;晶格的显微应变增加;Fe3 O4磁性颗粒的饱和磁化强度降低,矫顽力先变大后减小;对压片后样品的电导率进行测试,发现电导率降低;随着研磨时间增加,晶粒会出现团聚现象,形成粒径更大的二次颗粒,为防止该现象,研磨时间应控制在110 h左右.     

电沉积Co-Pt-W磁性薄膜及其性能的研究

使用电沉积技术制备了磁性能较好的Co-Pt-W薄膜,并研究了pH值对薄膜的成分、结构、表面形貌和磁性能的影响。研究发现:Co-Pt-W薄膜是一种具有fct四方结构的晶态颗粒膜。随着pH值的升高,Co-Pt-W薄膜中Co和W的质量分数下降,而Pt的质量分数增大。pH值过低,析氢作用明显,Co-Pt-W薄膜表面颗粒较大,并且孔隙率高。增大pH值,有利于细化Co-Pt-W薄膜表面颗粒并降低孔隙率,从而提高矫顽力。     

Magnetic Nanoparticles: Surface Effects and Properties Related to Biomedicine Applications

Due to finite size effects, such as the high surface-to-volume ratio and different crystal structures, magnetic nanoparticles are found to exhibit interesting and considerably different magnetic properties than those found in their corresponding bulk materials. These nanoparticles can be synthesized in several ways (e.g., chemical and physical) with controllable sizes enabling their comparison to biological organisms from cells (10–100 μm), viruses, genes, down to proteins (3–50 nm). The optimization of the nanoparticles’ size, size distribution, agglomeration, coating, and shapes along with their unique magnetic properties prompted the application of nanoparticles of this type in diverse fields. Biomedicine is one of these fields where intensive research is currently being conducted. In this review, we will discuss the magnetic properties of nanoparticles which are directly related to their applications in biomedicine. We will focus mainly on surface effects and ferrite nanoparticles, and on one diagnostic application of magnetic nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents.     

Ni-Co磁性薄膜的电化学沉积及磁性能

研究了电流密度和温度对电沉积Ni-Co薄膜形貌、晶体结构及磁性能的影响。结果表明:随着电流密度的增加,Ni-Co薄膜的比饱和磁化强度先增大后减小,在200A/m2时达到最大值;电流密度对薄膜的结晶度和晶粒尺寸均有影响;在较高温度下制备的薄膜表面较粗糙,这是由于温度的升高致使析氢加剧。     

Investigating the Vibrational,Magnetic and Dielectric Properties,and Antioxidant Activity of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

Dielectric, magnetic and Raman measurements of cerium oxide nanoparticles obtained by the precipitation method are discussed. Morphological study was performed by scanning electron microscopy, confirming the formation of nanoparticles of 5–27 nm. The Raman spectra exhibited a strong band around 465 cm⁻¹, corresponding to the symmetrical stretching mode of the Ce-O8 vibrational unit. The nature of the room temperature ferromagnetism of cerium oxide nanoparticles was analyzed, taking into account the oxygen defects at the surface or interface of the nanoparticles. The evolution of dielectric constant, ε′, and dielectric loss, ε″ was studied as a function of frequency at different temperatures. Additionally, the variation of the electric conductivity versus temperature was investigated. Finally, complex impedance study of the cerium oxide nanoparticles was performed.     

管道周向励磁漏磁检测磁路设计

管道周向励磁漏磁检测技术是一种新的检测方法,对于检测和定量评定轴向导向缺陷具有潜在优势。磁化器磁路设计是漏磁检测需要解决的首要问题,采用磁路计算原理研究管道磁化磁路中永磁体长度、厚度和宽度改变时,管道表面缺陷产生的漏磁场的变化情况,得到了缺陷漏磁场随永磁体长度、厚度和宽度改变时的变化规律。此规律有助于从整体上把握永磁体磁路设计,改善磁化效果,提高漏磁检测灵敏度,进而为漏磁检测磁路的设计提供依据。     

Combustion and Coprecipitation Synthesis of Co–Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles: Comparison of Structure and Magnetic Properties

In this study, we used urea and ammonia to synthesize zinc cobalt ferrites via microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method from metallic nitrates. It was figured that despite the common synthesis method and equal amount of nitrates, magnetic properties of nanoparticles were different. Changes in magnetic properties are discussed based on factors such as nanoparticles’ size, surface atom spins, cationic distribution, magnetocrystalline energy. Nanoparticles synthesized with ammonia showed lower magnetization while higher magnetocrystalline energy and greater coercivity was obtained due to better cationic distribution. It was also revealed that by increasing magnetization, the susceptibility of nanoparticles increases and then declines.     

纳米Fe3O4磁性颗粒的制备及应用现状

介绍了纳米Fe3O4磁性颗粒的制备工艺,如机械球磨法、水热法、微乳液法、超声沉淀法、水解法等,归纳了各种制备方法的特点。对Fe3O4颗粒当前的应用热点进行了概述,并对纳米Fe3O4的研究前景进行了展望。     

介孔二氧化硅微球的扩孔及组装磁性纳米铁粒子

以十六胺为模板剂、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源合成孔径约3 nm的多孔球形结构介孔二氧化硅(MS)材料. 为满足组装磁性纳米粒子所需的孔径要求,提出了一种可较大程度扩大孔径的方法?复盐浸渍法,用多组分盐溶液(NaC1:LiCl:KNO3=4:1:1, w)浸渍MS微球,然后在300℃加热2 h,扩大MS孔径,扩孔后的MS微球孔径在10 nm左右. 采用电化学方法在MS介孔内合成Fe纳米粒子,并在H2气氛下加热还原得到Fe/SiO2磁性复合微球,制备出的磁性复合微球孔道内均匀地分布着Fe粒子.     

Exploiting Size-Dependent Drag and Magnetic Forces for Size-Specific Separation of Magnetic Nanoparticles

Realizing the full potential of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in nanomedicine requires the optimization of their physical and chemical properties. Elucidation of the effects of these properties on clinical diagnostic or therapeutic properties, however, requires the synthesis or purification of homogenous samples, which has proved to be difficult. While initial simulations indicated that size-selective separation could be achieved by flowing magnetic nanoparticles through a magnetic field, subsequent in vitro experiments were unable to reproduce the predicted results. Magnetic field-flow fractionation, however, was found to be an effective method for the separation of polydisperse suspensions of iron oxide nanoparticles with diameters greater than 20 nm. While similar methods have been used to separate magnetic nanoparticles before, no previous work has been done with magnetic nanoparticles between 20 and 200 nm. Both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis were used to confirm the size of the MNPs. Further development of this work could lead to MNPs with the narrow size distributions necessary for their in vitro and in vivo optimization.     

粉煤灰多元磁化肥的开发与生产

本文介绍多元磁化肥对农作物产量、抗逆能力、产品品质、根系生长以及土壤物理性质的影响。农田施用多元磁化肥后氮素利用率可提高５％。文中对多元磁化肥的生产工艺和机理作了一般介绍,并给出了该肥料的特性指标     

纳米金和磁性纳米颗粒在生物传感器中的应用

纳米技术的出现为纳米材料在分析化学领域的发展和应用开辟了新的方向。纳米材料的优异性能例如比表面积大、反应活性高等为生物检测奠定了基础。综述了纳米材料中纳米金和磁性纳米颗粒在生物传感器中的应用,并对其将来的发展进行了展望。     

Phosphocholine-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles for Isolation of C-Reactive Protein from Human Serum

In the present study, we describe the easy isolation of C-reactive protein (CRP) from human serum using phosphocholine-modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). A phosphocholine-based monomer, 3-(4)-vinylbenzyl-12-phosphorylcholine dodecanoate (VPC), was polymerized on methacrylate-coated MNPs and the resulting MNPs (VPC-MNPs) were assessed for their ability to isolate CRP from a human serum sample. CRP could be isolated from human serum with one adsorption step to VPC-MNPs within 1 h. The high purity of the isolated CRP fraction determined by SDS-PAGE indicates a good selectivity of VPC-MNPs for CRP binding. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using ligand-functionalized MNPs for rapid, easy, and efficient protein isolation.     

不同种属电气石的压电效应及磁学性质的研究

对不同种属电气石进行了压电效应的定性实验及磁强度测试.结果表明:随着压力的增大,电气石晶体两端静电压逐渐增大,但两者之间无线性关系,当晶体即将破裂解体的瞬间,静电压达到极大值,随后静电压迅速下降,其回落时的静电压的方向与加压时的静电压方向相反.不同种属电气石压电性强弱表现为:锂电气石＞铁电气石＞镁电气石;并且电气石晶体两端的压电性强于柱面,是柱面的3～4 倍;电气石晶体压电性强弱与晶体体积无关,与晶面条纹有一定的关系,表现为晶面条纹越清晰,其压电效应越明显.电气石的磁性总体表现比较弱,磁性强弱与其折射率值及化学成分中全铁含量及折射率均成正比;磁强度大小表现为:铁电气石＞镁电气石＞锂电气石,铁电气石垂直C轴方向的饱和磁化强度和剩磁均高于平行C轴方向.     

不同粒径镍锌铁氧体纳米材料的磁性研究

利用液相催化的方法制备了尖晶石结构的Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体纳米颗粒,在反应过程中加入适当的助溶剂制备出了不同粒径的颗粒。XRD、TEM的测量结果表明生成物具有良好的尖晶石结构和结晶度,其粒径大小约为15～60nm。振动样品磁强计（VSM）对样品磁滞回线的测量表明随着磁性颗粒的增大,其饱和磁化强度也单调变大,饱和磁化强度的数值在40～65emu／g。随着磁性颗粒粒径的改变,其升温速率和达到的饱和温度在单畴附近达到最大。     

Aggregation Properties of Albumin in Interacting with Magnetic Fluids

In this study, interactions of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles with serum albumin biomolecules in aqueous solutions were considered. The studies were conducted with the laser correlation spectroscopy and optical analysis of dehydrated films. It was shown that the addition of magnetite to an albumin solution at low concentrations of up to 10⁻⁶ g/L led to the formation of aggregates with sizes of up to 300 nm in the liquid phase and an increase in the number of spiral structures in the dehydrated films, which indicated an increase in their stability. With a further increase in the magnetite concentration in the solution (from 10⁻⁴ g/L), the magnetic particles stuck together and to albumin, thus forming aggregates with sizes larger than 1000 nm. At the same time, the formation of morphological structures in molecular films was disturbed, and a characteristic decrease in their stability occurred. Most stable films were formed at low concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles (less than 10⁻⁴ g/L) when small albumin–magnetic nanoparticle aggregates were formed. These results are important for characterizing the interaction processes of biomolecules with magnetic nanoparticles and can be useful for predicting the stability of biomolecular films with the inclusion of magnetite particles.     

Enzymatic Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles

We report the first in vitro enzymatic synthesis of paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic nanoparticles toward magnetic ELISA reporting. With our procedure, alkaline phosphatase catalyzes the dephosphorylation of l-ascorbic-2-phosphate, which then serves as a reducing agent for salts of iron, gadolinium, and holmium, forming magnetic precipitates of Fe_45±14Gd_5±2O_50±15 and Fe_42±4Ho_6±4O_52±5. The nanoparticles were found to be paramagnetic at 300 K and antiferromagnetic under 25 K. Although weakly magnetic at 300 K, the room-temperature magnetization of the nanoparticles found here is considerably greater than that of analogous chemically-synthesized Ln_xFe_yO_z (Ln = Gd, Ho) samples reported previously. At 5 K, the nanoparticles showed a significantly higher saturation magnetization of 45 and 30 emu/g for Fe_45±14Gd_5±2O_50±15 and Fe_42±4Ho_6±4O_52±5, respectively. Our approach of enzymatically synthesizing magnetic labels reduces the cost and avoids diffusional mass-transfer limitations associated with pre-synthesized magnetic reporter particles, while retaining the advantages of magnetic sensing.